《英语语言学》试题5I. Fill in each of the following blanks (1%×20=20%)nguage is a system of arbitrary vocal _________used for human communication. Language is consisting of two sets of structures, or two levels, that is, sound and ___________.2.Of all the speech organs, the ________ is the most flexible, and is responsible for varieties of articulation than any other. When the vocal cords are drawn wide apart, letting air go through without causing vibration, the sounds produced in such condition are __________.3. _______ is voiced alveolar fricative, while _______ is back, close long vowel.4.There are _______ phones, ________ phonemes in word “start”.plementary distribution means that the ________ of the same phoneme always occur in different phonetic environments.6. Generally speaking, we can divide phonetics into at least three branches: articulatory phonetics, ________ phonetics and acoustic phonetics.7. Chomsky defines _________ as the ideal speaker’s knowledge of the rules of his language, and performance is the actual realization of this knowledge.8.__________ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply the study of the formation of sentences. 9.In Engllish, nouns, verbs adjectives and adverbs make up the largest part of the vocabulary, they are called ______ class words ,while conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns are regarded as close class words.10. Morphology is the study of the internal ________ of words and the way in which words are formed.11. ___________ means that language can be used to refer to things which present or not present, real or imagined matters in past, present, or future, or in far-away places.12. __________ are independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves.13.In English, _______ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.14. A lingustic study is _______ if it describes and analyses the language people actually use; it is prescriptive if it tries to lay down rules for “correct” behavior.15.Suprasegmental features include ________ tone and intonation.16. “Accuse…of” and “charge…with” are _______ synonyms.II．Read and decide the best one that completes thestatement. (1.5%×20=30%)1. Linguists give priority to the spoken language not on the written languagebecause_________.A. vocal sounds are drived from writing systemsB. speech precedes writing everywhere in the worldC. we have reading devices to study speechD. spoken language preceded writtten language only in Indo-Europeanlanguae2. According to F. de Saussure, _______ refers to the abstract linguistics.A. paroleB. performanceC. langueD. language3. ________ is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world’s language.A. PhonologyB. PhoneticsC. MorphologyD. Phonemics.4. The word “boyish” contains two ______.A. morphemesB. morphsC. phonemesD. allophones5. Noun, verb, _____ and preposition are major lexical cateogries.A. adverbB. pronounC. adjectiveD. conjunction6. Which of the following sounds is voiceless bilabial stop?A. [p]B. [m]C. [b]D. [t]7. The study of language to psychology is __________.A. sociolinguisticsB. psycholinguisticsC. applied linguisticsD. pragmatics8. Which of the following sounds is central vowel?A. [ e ]B. [i]C. []D. [a:]9. In English, “un-” and “dis” are called _________..A. prefixesB. infixesC. suffixesD. grammatical words10. ______ are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through interventing position.A. DiphthongsB. ConsonantsC. V owelsD. Individual vowels11.The phrase “ men and women ” belongs to the _________ contruction.A. predicateB. coordinateC. subordinateD. exocentric12.In English, all the front vowels and the central vowels are _______ vowels.A. unroundedB. closeC. openD. rounded13.Which is the meaning relationship between the two words “flower/rose”?A. HomonymyB. AntonymyC. PolysemyD. Hyponymy14. The words such as “lab”, “doc” are ________.A. formed by blendingB. acronymsC. coined by back-formationD. clipped words15. In English if three consonants should cluster together at the beginning of a word, the first phoneme must be /s/ and the second phoneme must be /p/ or /t/ or /k/, then the third phoneme can not be _______.A. /f/B. /l/C. /r/D. /w/16. The words “make” and “bus” are called ________ because they can occur unattached.A.derivational morphemesB. inflectional morphemesC.bound morphemesD. free morphemes17.The semantic component of the word “man”can be expressed as________.A. +animate, +human, +male, -adultB. +animate, +human, -male, +adultC. +animate, +human, +male, +adultD. +animate, +human, -male, -adult18. ______ refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular socialclass.A. IdiolectB. SociolectC. Ethnic dialectD. Standard dialect19. The phenomenon “holiday meant a day of religious significance before,but today it signifies any day on which we don’t have to work” is _______A. widening of the meaningB. narrowing of meaningC. meaning shiftD.loss of the meaning20. All of the following are American English EXCEPT ______.A. fallB. elevatorC. petrolD. aparmentIII. True or false: ( T for True and F for False).(1.5%×20=30%)nguage is human specific.2. English is a typical tone language.3. A synchronic study of language is a historical study.4. The classification of English consonants involves both manner of articultionand place of articulation.5. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. deSaussure.6. Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in the humanhistory.7. The word “ungentlemanliness” has five morphemes.8. Deep Structure is the same as Surface Structure.9. There is only one type of affixes in the English language.10. Syntax is the branch of linguistics which studies the meaning of language.11. A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax,lexicon, and phonology.12.Modern English is roughly from 499 to the present.13. The standard language and non-standard language are both sociallyprestigious.14. The assumption that Black English is “genetically inferior”, “deficient” and“incomplete” is quite unreasonable.15. One of the recent trends of language change is moving towards greaterformality.16. Pragmatics is related to and also different from semantics.17.In a pair of gradable antonyms, the denial of one member of the pair impliesthe assertion of the other.18. There is only one argument in the sentence “ Kids like apples.”19. Free morphemes are the same as bound morphemes.20. IPA stands for International Phonetic Alphabet.IV. Draw tree structures of the following sentences.(2.5%×4=10%)1. The apple might hit the man.2. Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants.3. The children argued over whether bats had wings.4. What are you doing now?V.Please answer the following questions.(5%×2=10%)1.Please list out the design features of language and illustrate them.2. Who put forward the Cooperative Principle? What is it about?参考答案Key to Linguistics Test PaperI.Fill in each of the following blanks (1%×20=20%)1.symbols, .meaning2.tongue, voiceless3.[z], [u]4.4; 35. allophones6. auditory;7. competence8. Syntax9. open 10. structure 11. displacement12. free morphones 13. homonymy 14. descriptive 15. stress 16. collocational II．Read and decide the best one that completes the statement. (1.5%×20=30%) 1. B. 2.C. 3. B 4.A 5.C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. A11. B 12. A 13.D. 14. D. 15. A 16. D 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. CIII. True or false: ( T for True and F for False). (1.5%×20=30%)1. T.2. F3. F4. T5. F6. F7. T8. F9. F 10. F11. T 12. F 13. F 14. T 15. F 16. T 17. F 18. F 19. F 20. TIV. Draw tree structures of the following sentences. (2.5%×4=10%)1. 2.3. 4.V. Please answer the following questions. (5%×2=10%)1.Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it form any animal system of communication. Five design features will be illustrated respectively.(1).Arbitrariness: (1%) (2)Productivity: (1%)(3)Duality: sounds and meaning (1%) (4)Displacement (1%) (5)Cultural transmission (1%) (examples are omitted) 2. Cooperative Principle was put forward by Paul Grice. (1%)The maxim of Quantity (1%) The maxim of quality (1%)The maxim of relation (1%) The maxim of manner (1%)。