第一节省略法所谓“省略”并不是把原文的意义删去，而是省略一些可有可无的，或者有了反而显得累赘甚至违背译文语言习惯的词。
一、结构考虑的省略1．代词的省略A．省略作主语的代词在英文句子中，作主语的代词较多。
为了使译文前后句子的意思紧凑，避免重复用词，或者为了使译文前后句子的主语能清楚地表示出来，有时可以将作主语的代词省去。
但省去的人称代词在意思上仍明显地包含在译文里。
例如：1). That is the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it.但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。
2）Like his friends he had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice.像他的朋友一样，他头脑里虽然有许多美妙的想法，却只有少数付诸实施。
B. 在英语句子中，泛指的人称代词常常不译出来。
例如：1）One is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。
2）They say it’s so.据说是这样。
C. 作宾语的代词往往也可省略。
在英语句子中，有时作宾语的代词，无论在前面是否提到过，翻译成汉语的时候往往可以不译出来。
例如：1）The following letter will explain itself and needs no apology.下面的话一看就明白，用不着道歉。
2）If you have read these stories, tell them in your own words.如果你读过这些故事，就用自己的话讲出来。
3）The more he tried to hide his warts, the more he revealed them.他越是要掩盖他的烂疮疤，就越是会暴露。
D. 省略物主代词在英语句子里的物主代词，出现的频率很高。
一个句子中往往会出现好几个物主代词，如果将每个物主代词都翻译出来那么汉语译文就显得非常罗嗦。
所以在没有其他人称的物主代词出现的情况下，在翻译的时候物主代词大多省略。
例如：1）For two weeks, he had been studying the house, looking at its room,its electric wiring, its path and its garden.两个星期以来，他一直注意房子的情况，查看各个房间、留心电路的走向以及通道和花园的布局。
2) In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature.为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人类和大自然不断地进行着斗争。
1)She felt the flowers were in her finger, on her lips, growing in her breast.她觉得手里和唇上都是花儿，胸中也生长着花儿。
2．省略非人称或无意义的代词it“it”也起着代词的作用，在译文中，当它被用作非人称或没有意义的时候，往往可以省略。
A．非人称的 it1) Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.外面漆黑一团，下着瓢泼大雨。
2）A well—known characteristic of light is that it travels in straight lines.光的一个尽人皆知的特性是直线传播。
B．无意义的it1) It was very easy for him to pour the whole bottle of wine into his throat.将整瓶酒到进喉咙对他来说是小菜一碟。
2）It is only shallow people who judge by appearance.只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。
3. 省略连词在英语和汉语的句子中，连词的用法有着许多的共同点，但英语中连词比汉语多，而且用得也比汉语广泛。
因为在英语句子中，短语与短语、句子与句子之间多采用形合法，即要求结构上的完整。
而汉语则不然。
汉语句子结构一般都按时间顺序和逻辑关系排列，语序固定、关系明确，不需要太多的连词来表示相互之间的关系。
所以在英译汉时候，连词在很多情况下可以不译。
A．省略并列连词and和or1)Mr. Bingley was good—looking and gentleman—like.宾利先生相貌英俊，彬彬有礼。
2)Men and women, young and old, all joined in the battle.男女老少都参加了战斗。
B.省略从属连词在从属连词中，表示原因的as ,because, since，表示条件的if，以及表示时间关系的when和as等，虽然在英语的句子中是十分必要的，但因为汉语句子的关系很明确，一般不会产生歧异，故在译文中，这些从属连词往往可以省略不译。
1) We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin. (原因)我们见到了一只知更鸟，知道春天快要到了。
2）If I had known it, I would not have joined in it.（条件）早知如此，我就不参加了。
3）Sunday is the day when I am least busy. (时间)周日我最闲。
4、省略介词表示时间和地点的介词短语在翻译成汉语时，如果能够放在句首，介词往往可以省略；如果只能放在句末，就不能省略。
1）The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.1949年中华人民共和国成立。
2）On Sundays we have no school.周日我们不上学。
3）She hid behind the door. （behind不能省略）她藏在门后。
二、从修辞角度考虑的省略1、省略汉语中不言而喻的或可有可无的字1）Could you help me in any way ?你能帮帮我吗？2）As it happens, we did not meet there.我们并未在那里碰头。
3）There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, thegrass was dead.没有下雪，树已落叶，草已干枯。
2、英语中重复出现的短语，译成汉语时可适当省略1）Universities applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。
2）She curtseyed again, and would have blushed deeper, if she could have blushed deeper than she has blushed all the time.她又行了一个屈膝礼，由于她的脸一直涨得通红，所以现在不可能涨得更红了。
3、同义词、近义词或意义重复的词翻译时可适当省略1）He was safe and sound. 他平安无恙。
2）It’s essential that the mechanic or technician understands well the characteristics of battery circuits and the proper methods for connecting batteries or cells.重要的是，技术人员要深入了解电池电路的特性和连接电池的正确方法。
翻译练习1.He was naturally proud and ambitious, but he was honest and true, and alwaysput the interest of his countrymen before his own.2.He is not well today, but he still comes to class.k is sold by the pound.4.People use science to understand and change nature.5.The sun is bright, and the sky is clear.6.If winter comes, can spring be far behind ?7. The two devices are of a size.第二节增译法所谓增译法，就是在原文的基础上增添必要的单词、词组、分句或完整句，从而使译文在语法、语言形式上符合汉语的习惯并使译文在文化背景、词语联想方面与原文保持一致，以达到译文与原文在内容、形式和精神方面对等起来的目的。
一、从句法结构上考虑1、增补原文中省略的动词这里所说的原文中省略的动词，不仅是指前面出现过而后面省略了的，同时还包括原文中没有的。
但在翻译成汉语的时候，出于句法上的需要，有时还需要将动词补出。
1）We don’t retreat, we never have and never will.我们不后退，我们从没有后退过，将来也决不会后退。
2）Seeing falsely is worse than blindness and speaking falsely than silence.所见不真，犹不如盲；所言不实，不如缄默。
3）Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter.物质可以转化成能量，能量也可以转化成物质。
2．增补原文回答句中的省略部分1）Is this your wallet ? Yes, it is.这是你的钱包吗？是我的。
2）Don’t you want Mr. Smith to be your tutor ? Yes, of course I do.你不想让史密斯先生当你的导师吗？我当然想。
3．增补原文比较句中的省略部分1）Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.从别人的失败中汲取教训比从自己的失败中汲取教训更好。