现在完成时讲解与练习1.构成现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。
助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。
它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。
过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。
2.用法（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。
常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。
如：-Have you had lunch yet -Yes,I have. I've just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗我刚刚吃过。
（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。
常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。
\如：He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。
（可能还要继续教）I have't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。
3．结构1）．陈述句结构：主语＋have( has)（not）+过去分词＋其它。
have not=h aven’t has not=hasn’t.2）．一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )＋主语＋过去分词＋其它3）．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋have(has) +主语+ 过去分词＋其它eg. He has already finished his homework. He hasn’t finished his homework yet.Has he finished his homework yet --Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t./ No, not yet.（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。
如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。
4.现在完成时的时间状语（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。
如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。
但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
a. 用副词already和yet。
already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
b.用ever 和never。
多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。
如-Have you ever been to the Great Wall你曾经去过长城吗-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。
例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
He has been there three times the last few years.近几年他去过那里三次了。
d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month ,year, term)等。
例如-Have you met him today-No,I haven't.今天你见过他吗我没有。
How many times have you been there this year 今年你去过那里多少次（2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。
如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。
要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。
现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive→be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead come back→be backleave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep) get up→be up go out →be outfinish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in或 be a memberof…close →be closed go to school→be a student borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study→study come to work→work等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。
The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。
We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。
5.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。
但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。
如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。
试比较：I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。
（现在还未找到）I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。
（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）6.几点注意事项（1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。
如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。
He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。
（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。
如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。
（3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。
现在完成时练习A）用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________ B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.A: How long ___________ he ___________ there B: He _____________ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place B: He _____________ there only once.B）用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种形式填空。
Where is Jack He __________ his country. John _______ England since he came back.How long _____ he _____ this village The Smiths ______ Beijing for years._____ you ever ____ America -- Yes, I _____ there many times.I _____ this school since three years ago.( )'s been to the Great wall before ,__________he(A)isn't (B)wasn't (C)hasn't (D)doesn't( )'s never been to England, _______she(A)has (B)hasn't (C)isn't (D)is( ) Hanmei been in the library.(A)How long (B)How soon (C)How far (D)How often( ) long ___he______ the library book .(A)has, borrow (B)has ,kept (C)has, bought (D)did, buy( ) Green isn't in the office , He __________to the library(A)has gone (B)went (C)has been (D)will go( ) smith _______to Tokyo and he will be back in a week(A)has been (B)has visited (C)has sent (D)has gone( ) for two years(A)have been to (B)have been in (c)have gone to (D)have come toA）按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/behere/be thereHe got to Beijing five minutes ago. He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.I moved to the USA last year. I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.I went home yesterday. I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.They came here last week. They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be outHe came out two years ago. He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.We return to Fuzhou yesterday. We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.③become → beI became a teacher in 2000. I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.The river became dirty last year. The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.④close → be closed open → be openThe shop closed two hours ago. The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.The door opened at six in the morning. The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.⑤get up → be up die → be dead leave sw. → be away from sw. fall asleep/get tot sleep →be asleep finish/end → be over marry → be marriedI got up two hours ago. I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.He left Fuzhou just now. He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes. My grandpa died in 2002. My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.The meeting finished at six. The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.I got to sleep two hours ago. I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________. They married in 1990. They ________ _________ __________since _________.⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be onI began to teach at this school in 1995. I ____ ____ at this school since ____.The film began two minutes ago. The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.⑦borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have put on →wear catch/get a cold → have a cold get to know → knowThey borrowed it last week. They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.I bought a pen two hours ago. I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.I got to know him last year. I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.I put on my glasses three years ago. I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.⑧have/has gone to → have been inHe has gone to Beijing. He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.⑨join the league/the Party/the army → be a league/a Party member/a soldier→ be a member of the league/the Party→ be in the league/the Party/the armyHe joined the league in 2002. He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.My brother joined the army two years brother _________ ________ a ________ for _________ ___________. My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.( ) ______in1990 and her husband ______for more than five years(A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead(C)died ,has been dead (D)has died, has died( ) have _____this nice watch for two years (A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend ( ) _____his home for ten years(A)has left (B)left from (C)has been away from (D)was away from( ) _____a league member for three years(A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become( )'s brother has _______for two years(A)joined the army (B)been an army (C)become a soldier (D)been in the army( ) hasn't _____Quanzhou ever since he left school(A)left (B)been away (C)been (D)away( )1. ——Have you finished your homework——Yes, I _______it last night(A)finish (B)finished (C)have finished (D)will finish( )2.—— ________you ever _______to Nanjing ——Yes, I ______there last year.(A)Have…gone, have gone (B)Have…be en , went (C)Did…go, went (D)Did…go, has , been ( )3.——When _______you ________Lucy in New York ——I _________here for two years(A)did…meet, haven't seen (B)did…meet, haven't seen(C)did…meet, don't see (D)would…meet, hadn't seen( ) you to Beijing( ) ______finished his homework. yet(A)doesn’t (B)haven’t (C) hasn’t (D) doesn’t have( )1.——Have you ________traveled on the train. ——Yes, I have.(A)never (B)ever (C)just (D)yet( )2.——Have you finished your homework ——Not__________ .(A)ever (B)already (C)yet (D)just( )3. We haven't finished our homework .(A)already (B)ever (C)yet (D)never( )4.——Have you__________ learned English——Yes, I've ________learned a lot.(A)never, ever (B)ever, never (C)ever, already (D)already. ever( )5.——Have you finished your homework ________——Yes, I've _____done that(A)yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never (D)still, just( )'s father _______borrowed some pictures(A)have already (B)has just (C)have ever (D)has yetA）用since和for填空1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month 4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock 7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hourago 9) _______ we were children 10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here B）用since和for填空1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.2. I’ve known him __________ wewere children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.5. It’s about ten years __________she left the city.'ve been like this ever since _________ (A)last week (B) for a week (C) a week before (D)thelast week( ) mother has worked in this factory _____2 years. (A)about (B)for (C)in (D)since( )3. I haven't heard from him ______last week.(A)since (B) for (C)ago (D)before( ) father joined the party_________(A)for three years (B)since three years ago (C)three years ago (D)in two years' time1. – Where is Mr. Liu ----- He _______the library. A. has been to B. has gone to C. hasbeen in2. The students have cleaned the classroom , ________A. so theyB. don’t theyC. have theyD. haven’t they3. I like Hainan. I ________there three times. A. went B. go C. have been D. have gonecame to Nanjing three years ago, so we ________ here for three years.A. have been toB. have been inC. have beenD. have goneHow long ______you_______ your dictionary - About two months.A. did; buyB. have; getC. have; hadD. have; bought6. He tells me he________ China for over five years.A. has beenB. has been inC. has been toD. has gone toMr White been a member of Greener China since he _______ to ChinaA. How soon , comesB. How often, gotC. How long , cameD. How far, arrived8. His uncle________ for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university9. He has never surfed, __________(改成反意疑问句）10. They have been here since 2000 . (对划线部分提问) __________ have they been here11. The old man _________last year. He________ for a year.(die)12. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改写句子，句意不变) This factory _________ for twenty years.13. Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同上）Miss Gao___________ an __________hour ago.Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同上）_________ two years________ the Green family moved to France.15. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （同上）现在完成时与中考题选择填空。