过去完成时用法小结一、过去完成时适用场合
1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。
这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。
I had fini shed my homework before suppe我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。
The play had already started whe n we got to the theat 我们至U剧场时戏已经开始了。
By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients 六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。
2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续至过去某个时间或还要
持续下去，常与for, si nee等词连用。
如：
He had served in the army for ten yeabefore he retired last year.他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。
He told me that he had known hes in eehe was a child.他告诉我他从小就认识她。
He had learned English for eight yearbsefore he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。
3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。
如：
Tom flew home, but his father had already died汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。
4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when...（刚…就…），no sooner...than...（冈H…就…）,
It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。
He had no soonerleft the room than they began to talk about him他冈H离开房间，他们就议论起
他来。
We hadhardly begunwhen we were told to stop.
我们刚开始就被叫停。
It was the first time thathe had ever spoke n to me in such a tu 他用这样的语调跟我讲话，这是
第一次。
二、过去完成时与一般过去时的比较
1. 当一个由before, after, as soon as等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发
生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。
We had breakfasatfter we did morning exercises.
做完早操后，我们吃早饭。
The train started to move jusbefore he reached the platform.他至U月台时火车冈H开走。
They started plough ing as soon as they got to the fielc他们一至U地里就开始耕地。
2. 按时间顺序叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作时，用一般过去时
He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the tab他走进屋子，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。
3. 在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺”等时，hope, mean, plan, think, intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。
I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn't catch the train. 我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没搭上火车。
We had thought to return early but they would'n t let us go. 我们本想早回来的，但他们不让我们走。
4. 在表示过去的句子中出现常与完成时态连用的词，如：already，yet，since，for，ever，never及次数名词等时，常用过去完成时来表示。
When we got there the basketball match h a dlreadystarted. 我们到那里时，篮球赛已经开始了。
The old man said that he wanted to go where he handever been. 老人说他想到他从未去过的地方去。
5. 如果句中出现了表示具体的过去时间的状语，句子的内容为过去的实际情况或句子的内容为历史事实时，句中的动词时态常用一般过去时。
如：
The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the America n con ti ne老师说是哥伦布最早发现了美洲大陆。
6. 表述说话人始料未及的事情时，句子的谓语动词常用一般过去时。
由于受汉语表述习惯
的影响，常会用错时态
Jack, you are also here! I did nt see you.杰克，你也在这啊！我没有看见你。
随讲随练
1. Joh n, a frie nd of mine, who got married only last week, spe nt $3,000 more tha n he __ for the wedding. [2006年全国II 卷]
A. will pla n
B. has pla nned
C. would pla n
D. had pla nned
2. I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the sametalk I ______ to half a dozen other groups. [2006年湖南卷]
A. was giving
B. am giving
C. had give n
D. have give n
3. Father ________ for London on bus in ess upon my arrival, so I didnt see him. [200笄福建卷]
A. has left
B. left
C. was leavi ng
D. had left
4. She _____ h er hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.
[2004年重庆卷]
A. would cha nge
B. has cha nged
C. cha nged
D. was cha nging
5. He ______ t o spe nd the importa nt day with us last Sun day, but he was too busy the n.
A. hoped
B. has hoped
C. had hoped
D. would hoped
6. When the old man _____ to walk back to his house, the sun ____ itself behind the mountain. [2005年湖北卷]
A. started; had already hidden
B. had started; had already hidden
C. had started; was hiding
D. was starting; hid
7. Salesof CDs have greatly increasedsince the early 1990s,when people ____ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. [2004 年江苏卷]
A. begin
B. began
C. have begun
D. had begun
8. —Oh, is that you, Bob?
—Err...yes. Ah, you ' re Mary. Sorry I __W_e__hyaoveu.n ' t seen each other for ten years,
have we?
A. didn ' t recognize
B. hadn 'retcognized
C. haven ' t recognized
D. don ' t recognize
Key：1-8 DCDCCABA。