AIDS
Department of Infectious Diseases， The Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing
medical University liwei
Summary
AIDS = Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome
HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Plasma laboratory marker
diagnosis
two criteria must be met. 1、Positive test for HIV infection by confirmatory test 2、 one of the following criteria
Most of people are susceptible to HIV
The change has made the virus spreading from drug users and sex workers to general population.
pathogenesis
HIV can infect those cells that express CD4 on the surface. During the cycle of HIV life, CD4+ T cells have been directly and indirectly damaged
Respiratory manifestations
Recurrent respiratory tract infections Pneumocystis pneumonia Tuberculosis MAC fungus
Neurological and ocular manifestations
CD4+ cell Count
1000
900
Asymptomatic
800
CD4+ T cells
700 Acute HIV
600 infection
syndrome
500
TB HZV
400
Relative level of
OHL
300
Plasma HIV-RNA
OC
200
100
0
01 2 3 4 5 10 M11onths
Etiology
HIV病毒模式图
the structure of HIV
包膜蛋白 跨膜蛋白 外膜 P17蛋白 核心蛋白 蛋白酶 逆转录酶
Epidemiology
As of 2012, approximately 35.3 million people are living with HIV globally.
PPE PCP
CMV,
CM MAC
1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 Years After HIV Infection
Manifestations at last period
AIDS-related syndrome Respiratory manifestations Neurological and ocular manifestations Gastrointestinal manifestations Other systematic manifestations
HIV LIFE CYCLE
HIV 生长周期
HIV can damage those cells that express CD4 on the surface
CD4+ T cells CD8+ T cells B cells Langerhans cells monocytes/macrophages follicular dendritic cells
Route of transmission
Sexual contact（the predominant mode） homosex heterosex
Blood to blood contact Vertical transmission others
同之恋 毒之祸 血之灾
susceptible population
AIDS ,which features a progressive depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections, was first recognized in 1981 in the united states。
Clinical Manifestations
Period of latent infection：2 ～ 10years
Ⅰstage: primary infection Ⅱstage: asymptomatic infection Ⅲ stage: AIDS
Common Natural Course of HIV Infection Complications
Thrush hairy leukoplakia
Thrush
Hairy leukoplakia
Other
Kaposi sarcoma Lymphoma
Shingles
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Shingles
laboratory examinations
Serology plasma HIV viral load Immunologic laboratory tests
cryptococcal meningitis tubercular meningitis toxoplasmic encephalitis HIV encephalopathy CMV Retinitis
Toxoplasmic encephalitis
Gastrointestinal ds
Blood 18,000
Semen 11,000
Vaginal fluid 7,000
Amniotic fluid 4,000
Saliva 1
There are different amounts of HIV in various bodily fluids