Unit 2 Text A Smart Cars1.Teaching Plan1.1Objectivesa. grasp the main idea－What can smart car do?;b. grasp the structure;c. employ a variety of techniques in expository writing (definition, quotes, a mixture of facts and opinions, etc.);d. master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;e. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of this unit.1.2 Time Allotmenta. Pre-reading (1st period): activities (e.g. questions or dictations) to lead in to the text; PartⅠ; comprehension; text organization.b. While-reading (2nd period): language points and grammatical structures.c. While-reading (3rd period): text analysis.d. Post-reading (4th period): main idea, exercises, and importantly, Theme-related Language Learning Tasks (Part Ⅳ).e. Post-reading (5th period): check on Ss’ home assignments.2. Cultural Notesa. Automobile industry:The automobile industry is one of the most important industries in the world, affecting not only economies but also cultures. It provides jobs for millions of people, generates billions of dollars in worldwide revenues, and provides the basis for a multitude of related service and support industries. Automobiles revolutionized transportation in the 20th century, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business.Between 1886 and 1898, about 300 automobiles were built, but there was no real established industry. A century later, with automakers and auto buyers expanding globally, auto making became the world's largest manufacturing activity, with more than 53 million new vehicles built each year worldwide.Automobile manufacturers are among the largest companies in the world. These corporations are often multinational. These companies often share parts, or use parts made in foreign factories. The U.S. automobile industry produced 16.8 million vehicles in 1999. The three major automobile manufacturers in the United States--General MotorsCorporation, Ford Motor Company, and Daimler Chrysler AG--provide three fourths of the industry's total direct employment in the United States.b.Global Positioning SystemGlobal Positioning System is a space-based radio-navigation system, consisting of 24 satellites and ground support. GPS provides users with accurate information about their position and velocity, as well as the time, anywhere in the world and in all weather conditions.GPS determines location by computing the difference between the time that a signal is sent and the time it is received. GPS satellites carry atomic clocks that provide extremely accurate time.As of March 1994, 24 GPS satellites were in operation. Replenishment (补给) satellites are ready for launch, and contracts have been awarded to provide satellites into the 21st century. GPS applications continue to grow in land, sea, air, and space navigation. The ability to enhance safety and to decrease fuel consumption will make GPS an important component of travel in the international airspace system. Airplanes will use GPS for landing at fogbound (为浓雾所困的) airports. Automobiles will use GPS as part of intelligent transportation systems. Emerging technologies will enable GPS to determine not only the position of a vehicle but also its altitude.c. Intelligent Transportation Systems:Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) refers to transportation systems which apply emerging hard and soft information systems technologies to address and alleviate (缓解) transportation congestion problems.For example, using advanced surveillance (监视) systems, the early stages of a traffic bottleneck situation can be detected, and traffic can then be directed to other routes to mitigate (减轻) the congestion and to provide faster and more efficient routes for travelers.New technologies enable this type of surveillance and guidance response to occur in real time, and therefore, to allow potential congestion situations to be addressed before they develop into serious traffic jam.3. Pre-reading Activities (Dictations or Discussions)3.1. Group Discussion:a.How do you understand “smart cars”?b. What is an ideal car like in your imagination?Car of the Future 未来的汽车自动，省油，容易操作，舒适，便宜，无污染Don’t Have Accidents Never Get Lost Can’t Be Stolen Never Get Caught in Traffic JamsDrive Themselves Don’t Guzzle Gas Don’t PolluteDon’t Have to Wait at Toll BoothsNever Spin Out of Control Surf the InternetNever Break DownAre Very EntertainingHighway (L63): 公路，国道Freeway (Am also Expressway or Interstate Highway)Motorway (U.K)Underground / subway/tubeLight rail (elevated railway)Inner-ring roadOuter-ring roadElevated road; viaduct 高架Over-pass 天桥Mag-lev train: Magnetically levitated train1）Motorway : (in Britain) a wide road, with at least two lanes in each direction, where traffic can travel fast for long distances between large towns. （英国）高速公路.是快车道.2) Highway : A main road, usually connecting large towns interstate.一般的公路；交通要道 .(尤指美国）州与州之间的，州际的例: Highway patrol. （美国）州际公路巡警.3) Expressway: A major divided highway designed for high-speed travel, having few or no intersections / Large, well-travelled road . 高速公路, 又称Limited access highway.区别：a) A highway is a main road.b) An expressway is a multilane highway; freeway, parkway, turnpik e（收费公路）are types of expressways.4) Freeway: (US) a wide road, with at least two lanes in each direction, where traffic can travel fast for long distances between large towns. （美国）高速公路.有別于 Tollway ( 要收过路費的高速公路), Freeway 不收钱.c. The merits and demerits of cars:Some scientists and engineers come up with the idea of a “smart car”. Let’s have a look at what “smart car” is.z What does “smart” mean?z Why do people like cars?z What do you think “smart cars” can do and what do they depend on?z What other words are used related to cars? windscreen前窗windscreen wiper雨刷sunroof天窗 Trunk后箱b umper保险杠 dashboard仪表盘 headlight前灯 rear light尾灯fog light雾灯 side mirror侧视镜r earview mirror后视镜horn喇叭seat belt安全带steering wheel方向盘 gas pedal油门brake刹车hand brake手刹z Relevant Information1. The invention of cars:The first self-propelled car was built by Nicolas Cugnot古诺 in 1769 which could attain speeds of up to 6 kms/hour. In 1771 he again designed another steam-driven engine which ran so fast that it rammed into a wall, recording the worlds’ first accident机动车事故.2. Some famous brands of cars:1、SPYKER（世爵）-荷兰2、Maybach（迈巴赫） - 德国3、Bentley(宾利) - 英国4、Rolls-Royce(劳斯莱斯) - 英国5、Lincoln(林肯) - 美国6、Bugatti （布加蒂）- 法国7、Ferrari(法拉利) - 意大利8、Lamborghini（兰博基尼）意大利9、Aston Martin(阿斯顿马丁)英国10、Mercedes-Benz(梅塞德斯-奔驰) - 德国11、Porsche(保时捷) - 德国12、BMW (宝马)- 德国13、Cadillac(凯迪拉克) - 美国14、Hummer(悍马) - 美国15、Maserati（玛莎拉蒂）意大利16、Jaguar(美洲虎) - 英国17、Audi(奥迪) - 德国18、Land Rover(陆虎) - 英国19、 Mini （迷你）- 英国（德国）20、V olvo(沃尔沃) - 瑞典21、V olkswagen(大众) - 德国22、Acura (极品/阿库拉)- 日本23、Jeep（吉普）- 美国24、Lexus(凌志) - 日本25、Saab(绅宝) - 瑞典26、Infiniti（无限） - 日本27、Toyota(丰田) - 日本28、Chrysler(克莱斯勒) - 美国29、Buick(别克) - 美国30、Peugeot(标致) - 法国31、Citron(雪铁龙) - 法国32、Alfa RoMeo(阿尔法．罗密欧)- 意大利33、Honda(本田) - 日本34、Ford(福特) - 美国35、Opel(欧宝) - 德国36、Nissan(日产/尼桑) - 日本37、Renault(雷诺) - 法国38、Mazda(马自达) - 日本39、Mitsubishi(三菱) - 日本40、Subaru(斯巴鲁) - 日本41、MG（美格） - 英国42、Fiat(菲亚特) - 意大利43、Smart（斯玛特） - 德国44、Hyundai(现代) - 韩国45、Skoda （斯柯达）- 捷克46、Kia(起亚) - 韩国47、Dodge(道奇) - 美国48、Ssangyong(双龙) - 韩国49、Suzuki(铃木) - 日本50、Seat（西亚特）-西班牙51、Chevrolet(雪佛兰) - 美国52、Red Banner (红旗) - 中国53、Qirui (奇瑞)-中国54、GreatWall (长城) - 中国55、Chonghua (中华)-中国56、Changan (长安) - 中国57、Byd（比亚迪）-中国58、Daihatsu (大发) - 日本59、Proton(宝腾) - 马来西亚60、Tata（塔塔） - 印度z General Motors大众　General Motors (GM) has steered around competitors to remain the world's #1 maker of cars and trucks, with brands such as Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Pontiac, Saab, Saturn, and Oldsmobile (which is being discontinued).z Ford Motor Company福特　Ford Motor Company offers a wealth of variety to the automotive consumer. Vehicle Brands Ford Lincoln Mercury Mazda V olvo Jaguarz Land Roverz Aston Martinz DaimlerChrysler （戴姆勒-克莱斯勒）:　DaimlerChryslers’ passenger car brands include Maybach, Mercedes-Benz, Chrysler, Jeep®, Dodge and smart. Commercial vehicle brands include: Mercedes-Benz,Freightliner,Sterling, WesternStar and Setra..z Toyota丰：Toyota is a world famous brand of cars. The company is in Japan.z Mercedes-Benz梅塞德斯-奔驰　This brand has stood for more than 100 years. It is a German company.4. Language Study1)eliminate: remove, esp. sb./sth. That is not wanted or needed; get rid of (usedin the patterns: eliminate sth.; eliminate sth. from sth.); (often passive) to defeat someone so that they cannot continue in a competitione.g. If you think you may be allergic to the food or drink, eliminate it from your diet. The Chinese government approved a new plan to eliminate illiteracy nationwide by 2006.我们能把饥饿从地球上根除吗？Can we ever eliminate hunger from the world?我们队在（竞赛）的第一轮就被淘汰了。