• 地下水位 • groundwater level /groundwater table • 粘土矿物 • clay minerals • 次生矿物 • secondary minerals • 滑坡 • landslide
• 钻孔柱状图 • bore hole columnar section • 工程地质勘察 • engineering geologic investigation • 漂石 • boulder • 卵石 • cobble
• 非饱和土 • unsaturated soil • 填土 • filled soil
• Part 3 Permeability and seepage
• 达西定律 • Darcy’s law • 管涌 • piping
• 流土 • flowing soil • 砂沸 • sand boiling • 流网 • flow net • 渗流 • seepage
• 套管 • casing • 堤（防） • dike=dyke • 粘粒粒组 • clay fraction • 物理性质 • physical properties • 路基 • subgrade
• 级配良好土 • well-graded soil • 级配不良土 • poorly-graded soil • 筛子 • sieve • 摩尔-库仑破坏条件 • Mohr-Coulomb failure condition • 有限元法 • FEM=finite element method
Writing a short paragraph by following special words (Leabharlann t least 100 words)
Underground space, transportation system, cross section , sport centers, sewage water plants, garages, heat storages, storages for food or hydrocarbons , radioactive waste ,lining system
• 软土 • soft soil • 打入桩（负）摩阻力 • (negative) skin friction of driven pile • 有效应力 • effective stress
• 总应力 • total stress • 十字板抗剪强度 • field vane shear strength • 低活性 • low activity • 灵敏度 • sensitivity • 三轴试验 • triaxial test
• 方形独立基础 • square spread footing • 下卧层（土） • underlying soil (stratum ,strata) • 恒载 /静载 • dead load • 持续荷载 • sustained load • 活载 • live load
• 短期瞬时荷载 • short –term transient load • 长期荷载 • long-term transient load • 折算荷载 • reduced load • 沉降 • settlement • 变形 • deformation
• 极限平衡法 • limit equilibrium method • 孔隙水压力 • pore water pressure • 先期固结压力 • preconsolidation pressure • 压缩模量 • modulus of compressibility • 压缩系数 • coefficent of compressibility
Example
Underground space is most often thought of as a part of a transportation system, such as railway or road tunnels, having a typical cross section of some 50 to100 m2 (single or double lanes). However, a number of other applications for underground space have been developed, such as sport centers, sewage water plants, garages, heat storages, storages for food or hydrocarbons etc. Other applications are under development, such as repository concept for high radioactive waste. This paper will present some of the applications developed and constructed but emphasize on underground hydrocarbon storages. The developed techniques are based on either storage in gas phase at high pressures or in liquid state at extremely low temperatures. Both systems require a lining system.
• 渗漏 • leakage • 渗透压力 • seepage (force) pressure • 渗透性 • permeability • 水力梯度 • hydraulic gradient
• 渗透系数 • coefficient of permeability
• Part 4 Deformation and stress of foundation
• 压缩指数 • compression index • 回弹指数 • swelling index • 自重应力 • geostatic stress • 附加应力 • additional stress • 最终沉降 • final settlement
• 滑移线 • slip line • Part 5 Excavation and dewatering of foundation • 开挖 • excavation • 降水 • dewatering • 基坑失稳 • failure of foundation
• 井点系统 • well point system • 深井点 • deep well point • 真空井点 • vacuum well point • 支撑围护 • braced cuts • 支撑开挖 • braced excavation • 支撑挡板 • braced sheeting
• 基坑围护 • bracing of foundation pit • （基坑）底隆起 • bottom heave=basal heave • 挡土墙 • retaining wall • 孔压分布 • pore-pressure distribution • 降低地下水位法 • dewatering method
• 基础设计 • foundation design • 再压缩 • recompaction • 承载力 • bearing capacity • 土体 • soil mass • 接触压力 • contact pressure
• 集中荷载 • concentrated load • 半无限弹性体 • a semi-infinite elastic solid • 均质 • homogeneous • 各向同性 • isotropic • 条基 • strip footing
• 砂石 • gravel • 砾砂 • gravelly sand • 粗砂 • coarse sand • 中砂 • medium sand
• 细砂 • fine sand • 粉土 • silty sand • 粘性土 • clayey soil • 粘土 • clay
• 粉质粘土 • silty clay • 砂质粉土 • sandy silt • 粘质粉土 • clayey silt • 饱和土 • saturated soil
Special Engineering English Prof., Dr.zixin zhang
• 岩土工程
• Part 1 General words
• 岩土工程 • Geotechnical engineering • 基础工程 • Foundation engineering • 土 • soil ,earth • 土力学 • soil mechanics • 周期荷载 • cyclic loading • 卸载
• 再加载 • reloading • 粘弹性地基 • viscoelastic foundation • 粘滞阻尼 • viscous damping • 剪切模量 • shear modulus
• 土动力学 • soil dynamics • 应力路径 • stress path • Part 2 Types of soil • 残积土 • residual soil • 地下水 • groundwater