A S c h o o l G a r d e n O f E n g l 2007.10“阅读理解”题常见错误剖析及应对策略河北辛集中学张彦军考生在做“阅读理解”题时,常常容易犯以下四种错误。

[错误一]见木不见林此类错误主要出现在对文章主旨大意的理解上。

考生在阅读中,只注意细节而忽视主题,抓不住文章的主旨大意。

所选的选项要么涵盖范围太广,要么涵盖范围太小,不能概括文章的主旨。

例如2004年天津卷E 篇:(我们只保留每段的首句和最后一段的结尾句。

)Art museums are places where peo ple can learn abo ut various cul-tures (文化)...Peo ple have argued that design museums are often made use o f as advertisements for new industrial technolog y ...One adv antag e o f desig n museums is that they are places w here peo-ple f eel familiar w ith the ex hibits ...In recent y ears ,several new desig n museums have opened their do ors ...The cho ices open to desig n museums seem far less strict than tho se to art museums ,and visitors may also sense the humo ro us (幽默的)part of our society while w alking around such ex hibits as interesting and unusually attractive to ys collected in our ev eryday life.75.The best title for this passag e is.A.The forms of design museumsB.T he exhibits o f design museumsT f i s hC.he nature o design museums中学英语园地2007.10D.The choices o pen to desig n museums分析:考生常会把文章的最后一句“T he cho ices open to desig n mu-seums seem far less strict than those to art museums ,and v isitors may also sense the humo rous (幽默的)part of our so ciety w hile walking aro und such exhibits as interesting and unusually attractiv e toy s collected in o ur everyday life.”误认为是文章的主题,这显然是以点代面。

认真阅读短文,我们可以看出,第一段讲什么是desig n museum ,第二段讲design museum 的作用,第三段讲design museum 的优点,第四段举例说明de-sign museum 的上述各个方面,即desig n museum 的特点或性质(na-ture )。

因此C 项为正确答案。

[应对策略]做这类题目时,考生可以采取找主题句法、逻辑推理法。

一个段落通常有主题句、辅助句和结论句。

主题句是全段的“统帅”,起支配作用。

辅助句是围绕主题句展开的;说明主题的各个细节或缘由等,它是为主题服务的。

结论句是根据主题句或辅助句得出的结论。

它具有深化主题、画龙点睛的作用。

就一篇文章而言,其各段落的主题句就是该篇文章的中心内容。

归纳全文中心思想的方法是:先整体,再部分,再整体,即快速浏览全文,再逐段归纳段落的主题,最后根据每段的大意归纳出全文中心。

[错误二]信息错位此类错误主要出现在对文章细节的理解上。

考生做题时,由于在阅读原文时不够细心,未能找准试题所依据的事实,或者是因为没有仔细比较原文与干扰选项的异同而造成信息错位。

例如(NM ET 2006,Ⅰ,D 篇第一段):Since my retirement (退休)fro m teaching music in 2001,I have spent a g ood deal of time painting as an artist.I actually began draw ing again in the summer of 1995w hen my father died ,so perhaps I w as try-ing to recover from the loss of my father ,or maybe it w as just that it f I y ,Ibrought back memories o him.n an case drew pen and ink animalsAS c h o o l G a r d e n O f E n g l 2007.10and landscapes (风景画)much influenced (影响)by Krenkel and St.John for five years.70.The author started draw ing again in 1995because.A.he ho ped to draw a picture of his fatherB.he co uldn !t sto p missing his fatherC.he had more time af ter retirementD.he liked animals and landscapes分析:考生易误选C 。

原因是受了文章第一句话的干扰而没有找准信息。

考生会以为文中的“我”退休后时间多了,闲着无事才去画画。

仔细阅读就会发现,题干的时态与文章第一句话的时态不一致。

题干提到的是1995年,而第一句话提到的是2001年。

第二句话提到的时间正好是1995年,且句中的so 与题干的because 相吻合。

因而,正确答案应为B 项。

[应对策略]做此类题目时,考生应采取“逆向法”,即:先读题干和四个选项,再根据内容进行筛选,提取有用信息。

读题的时候,要抓住问句中的关键词语,然后带着这个“关键词语”,仔细阅读短文内容。

[错误三]释不达意“释不达意”之类的错误主要出现在对词义的理解上。

高考“阅读理解”题中经常出现这样一种现象:同样一个意思,原文中用一种方式表达,而试题中却用另一种方式表达,但是,对这两种表达方式的理解必须全面准确,方可作出正确的判断。

例如(2005年春北京卷C 篇):The sightings have made peo ple increasing ly watchful.So metimes the “mountain lio ns ”that people repo rt seeing turn out to be large do gs o r even house cats.But at least a few o f the meetings have been real.The building of new roads ,the g row ing o f suburbs and the grow ing popularity of outdoor activities are all increasing the chances that people in various parts of the country may meet up with a mountain lion.65,i s h .According to the passag e it is clear that.中学英语园地2007.10A.the reported sightings of mountain lions have not been provedB.people walking in the co untry may come across a lionC.f ences have been built to pro tect the lionsD.mo untain lio ns prefer populated areas分析:正确答案是B 项。

考生常会误选A ,C 或D 项,原因是对原文中的meet up w ith 和选项B 中的come acro ss 的词义没有掌握好。

[应对策略]对于阅读中遇到一些不认识的或者在文章中有新义的单词或短语,我们就必须根据上下文来猜测它们的意义。

词义推断可采用如下几种方法:(1)利用生词所出现的语境或利用下文进一步的叙述猜测词义。

例如:If 1were a boy again ,1wo uld practise perseverance mo re often ,and never give up a thing because it was hard or inconvenient 。

根据and never g ive up a thing ...可猜测perseverance 之意为“坚韧不拔”。

(2)利用文中的举例猜测词义。

例如:To day young couples who are just starring their househo lds o ften spend lots o f their mo ney on appli-ances ,fo r instance ,washing -machines ,refrigerato rs and colo r televisions.从文中的washing -machines (洗衣机),refrigerato rs (冰箱)和colo r tele-visions (电视机),从中我们可以猜出appiances 的意思为“家用电器”。

(3)利用文中说明词义的同位语或定语猜测词义。

例如:Nearby is the race course ,w here the to wn "s mo st famous car race is held each year on M ay 30.以w here 引导的定语从句为依据,可以推断course 应是赛车举行的地点,所以可以排除co urse 的“过程”、“课程”或“航向”等意义,可把它理解为“跑道”。