新视界大学英语视听说教程第一册听力原文．Unit 1 A new startInside viewConversation 1Porter Good afternoon.Janet Good afternoon.Porter New student?Janet Yes.Porter Welcome to Hertford College.Janet Thank you.Porter Can I have your family name, please?Janet Yes, it's Li.Porter Er, L-double E?Janet No, L-I.Porter And what's your first name, Ms Li?Janet Janet.Porter Janet Li... ah yes, there you are. Here are your keys. Janet Where's my room?Porter You're in Staircase 6 Room 5.Janet Who am I sharing with?Porter Nobody. You have your own room. Er...there's a Ms Santos in the roomnext to you.Janet Oh. My own room? In China we usually have several people in adormitory.Porter Well, here you don't have to share with anyone.Janet Thank you Sir.Porter No need to call me sir, Ms Li. Everyone calls me Stewart. Janet Please call me Janet!Porter OK, Janet, um, can you just sign for your keys, please?Conversation 2Kate Hi, have you just arrived too?Janet Yes!Kate I guess we're neighbours. My name's Kate Santos. Janet I'm Janet Li. Where are you from?Kate From New York. How about you?Janet I'm from Anshan in China.Kate Is Janet your real name?Janet No, it's my English name. My Chinese name is Li Hui. Is Kate your fullname?Kate No, it's short for Catherine.Janet So do I call you Catherine or Kate?Kate Everyone calls me Kate.Janet Nice to meet you.Kate OK, Janet. See you later.Janet Bye!Conversation 3Kate Hey! This is awesome! Look at the size of this dining hall.Janet Is this where we have all our meals?Kate I guess.Mark You just arrived?Girls Yes!Mark Me too. By the way, I'm Mark. Nice to meet you.Kate Hi, I'm Kate.Mark Hi Kate, I guess you're from the States.Kate Right! How can you tell? You're British, huh?Mark Yes, I'm from London. And you are ...?Janet I'm Li Hui. I'm from China. But you can call me Janet. Mark Hi Janet. Welcome to England. What are you reading? Janet English.Mark How about you, Kate?Kate My major is law. And you?Mark I'm studying PPE.Kate That's a special Oxford subject, isn't it?Outside viewJulie My name's Julie Dearden, and I'm the Director of InternationalProgrammes here at Hertford College.Eugene My name's Eugene Berger, I studied here in Oxford for four years er,studying modern languages at Somerville College.Julie Oh, there are many Oxford traditions. Oxford is a very old university, theoldest English-speaking university in the, in the world. And so there aremany traditions which are associated with the colleges, with the times of theyear, and with sport, and with eating, for example.Eugene Each college is very different um, from um, the others, and it has its owncharacter. Some colleges are very conservative, and some are much moreliberal and have a tradition of um, kind of liberal politics. But there are alsosome specific traditions.Julie Formal Hall is when we all eat together here in college, the professors andthe students. Usually it takes places at seven o'clock in the evening, and theprofessors sit on high table which is the table over here, and the students siton common table, which are the tables here. But everybody eats together. It'sa very beautiful evening because there are, there's a special meal and we eatby candlelight.Eugene I think er, the traditions that make Oxford so unique are firstly theOxford Union and er, secondly, May Day. The Oxford Union being adebating society where speakers come from all around the world to addressthe students and even allow themselves to be questioned by the students,making it a very interesting forum.Julie My favourite is er, May Day. And May Day is the first day of May, and wehave a tradition called May Morning, and on May Morning everybody getsup very early and the students have a celebration. There is a choir whichsings on top of the tower at Magdalen College and all the people of the townand all the students go to listen to the singing. So it's very nice.Eugene The tradition that er, was most important to me was probably SummerEights. I was a rower. And Summer Eights is a rowing competition, held inMay in the summer term. And in this competition, each college is trying toimprove its place which it won the previous year and gradually work its wayup the river.Julie When the students take exams, they must go to a special building and it'scalled Examination Schools. And also they must wear a special uniform, sothey wear .gown like mine, a black gown, and they wear a white shirt, arid E the men wear a white tie and black trousers. The women wear a white shirtand a black skirt or black trousers. And they must wear this uniform, whichhas a Latin name - sub fuse — and they must wear this uniformin order totake their examinations.Eugene I think the Oxford traditions lend character to theplace and it's such anold institution, it should have traditions, but they can be very inconvenient.For example, sub fuse. This is the uniform that we are required according tothe university rules, to wear.Julie They also wear flowers in their buttonholes, and those flowers arecarnations. And they wear different colours, the students wear differentcoloured flowers for different examinations. So when you take your firstexam you wear a white flower, and when you take your second exam youwear a pink flower, and when you take your final examination you wear ared carnation.Eugene So we have to dress up in a full black suit, starched collar, white bow tieand carry a mortarboard. And to write an exam in the summer heat whilstwearing all that which you're not allowed to take off is um, uncomfortable.Julie I really like the Oxford traditions, I think it's part of our history, and partof um, being a student or a teacher here at Oxford University.Unit 2 Food for thoughtInsideviewConversation 1Kate: Oh, this looks nice.Mark: Cool.Waitress: Good afternoon, table for three? Come this way. Mark: Let's have a look at the menu.Mark: Thank you.Janet: Thank you.Waitress: The specials are on the board.Kate: So, what sorts of food do you like, Janet?Janet: Well, I like spicy food. And I'm not very fond of raw food! What wouldyou recommend?Mark: Why don't you try the chicken curry? That's nice and spicy.Janet: What's in it?Mark: Chicken cooked in tomatoes and onions with Indian spices.Janet: I'll try it. Do we all choose a selection of dishes to share or only one dishper person?Mark: Usually one dish per person.Kate: Or the moussaka looks good.Janet: What's it made with?Kate: It's made with lamb and eggplant. It's a Greek dish. Janet: How is it cooked?Kate: It's baked in the oven.Janet: Mm, that sounds good too.Kate: And as a starter?What's minestrone soup? Janet:Mark: It's an Italian soup with vegetables and pasta. It's delicious!Janet: OK, I'll have that.Kate: Waitress?Waitress: What can I get for you?Well, for the starter, can we have two minestrone soups, and for the main Kate:course, one moussaka and one curry, please. What about you, Mark?I'll have the prawns with garlic and the chilli con carne. And could you Mark:bring us some water, please?Waitress: OK.Thank you. Mark:Thanks. Waitress:What's chilli con carne? Janet:It's a spicy Mexican dish with beef and beans. It's very hot!Mark:Conversation 2That was great! Except I don't like cold water.I usually drink hot water. Janet:Hot water? We never drink hot water except with tea. Let's have a Kate:dessert. What would you like, Janet?Any suggestions? Janet:Well, why don't you try the apple strudel? It's an Austrian dish. It's made Kate:with apple, pastry and spices.No, I'm not so keen on pastry. ...Janet:What's a chocolate brownie?Mark: It's a kind of chocolate cake.Janet: How is it made?Kate: It's made with flour, eggs and butter...Mark: And lots of chocolate!You'll love it. Kate:What kind of ice cream is there? Janet:I'll ask ... Excuse me ... What flavor ice cream do you have? Kate:Strawberry, vanilla and chocolate. Waitress:I'll just have a fruit salad, I think. Janet:And Kate, what are you going to have? Mark:Kate: Same for me.Mark: Could you bring us two fruit salads, and a chocolate brownie?Waitress: Sure.Unit 3 Learning to thinkInside viewConversation 1Mark Hi, what're you doing?Janet Oh, nothing much ... Well, I'm just doing this quiz here in the newspaper.Mark Let's have a look then.Janet Here. It's called, How much do you know about memory? I've just doneit. Do you want to have a go?Mark OK, might as well. I'm not busy.Janet Right. Look, I'll read the statements. Then you have to answer rue oralse. Ready?Mark Yea.Janet OK. Physical exercise improves your memory. True or false?Mark True, I suppose. It sounds like the right answer. Janet You're right, exercise does improve your memory. Next statement: 30 percent of people have a visual memory.Mark That sounds about right. True?Janet No, wrong, I'm afraid. In fact, 60 per cent of people have a visual memory.Mark Really? Actually, I've got a pretty good memory.Janet Have you? OK ... Next one ... When you're tired, it's more difficult toremember things.Mark That's true, obviously. I can't remember a thing when I'm tired.Janet Correct! If you do one activity for a long time, your memory will improve.Mark I'm not sure ... True?Janet Actually, it's false.Mark Oh!Janet Eating fruit and vegetables can improve your memory. Mark I read something in The Times about that. True.Janet True, it says here.Mark Oh, no! I've got a lecture. I'd forgotten. I'd better get going!Janet Oh, Mark! What a good memory you have!Conversation 2Kate You're looking a bit down, Janet. What's up?Janet Well... I'm finding studying at Oxford quite hard. Kate You're telling me! There's so much work!Janet It's not the amount of work - but everything's so different. In China,generally we have large classes, we don't have tutorials. And mostly, ourteacher tells us what we should do. So I'm not used to asking questions ordiscussing things. I find it difficult.Kate You have to memorize a lot, don't you?Janet Yes, but I'm good at that.Kate You're lucky. There's so much to remember studying law!I have difficultysometimes, I really do.Janet Yes, well, we've been trained to do that. But we don't have so muchtraining in critical thinking.Kate What do you mean by critical thinking?Janet Let me think ... I think it's giving your opinion and then justifying it.Kate Yes, I suppose that's what our teachers have always encouraged us to do.Janet I am getting better at it, I suppose.Kate Hey! How about this? Let's pretend I'm your tutor. I'll make a statement.Your task is to examine it and then ask questions.Janet OK.Kate Everyone is capable of learning a second language. Go on, ask a question!Janet Why do you say that?Kate That's what the research tells us. Now ask another one. Janet Can you give an example of some research?Kate Um ... No! Look, I'm starving and I can't think at all when I'm hungry.Outside viewPart 1Teacher Good morning, class.Students Good morning.Teacher What we're going to do today is start off looking at mind maps or mindmapping. Now have any of you heard about mind maps before? Students Yes ... No ...Teacher Yes. Some of you have, some of you haven't. OK. Have any of youactually used mind maps in the past?Students No ...Teacher No? OK. Who can tell me what a mind map is?Student 1 It's a way of thinking.Teacher It is a way of thinking. Mind maps are diagrams which help us togenerate ideas, and also to organize or structure our ideas related to a topic.What I'd like to do next is look at some of the uses or the reasons for usingmind maps. What are some of the reasons for using mind maps? Student 2 To make a list?Teacher To make a list? Yes. We could say to brainstorm ideas. Everyonecontributes then-ideas as many ideas as quickly as possible, from everyone ina shorter time, er, as, as we can manage. OK, brainstorming is one of themost important um, um, uses of mind maps. What might be another use oranother reason for using mind maps?Student 3 It can help me take notes in the class.Teacher OK, for the note-taking, a very good reason. Mind maps help us to getan overview or a, a quick understanding about a subject. By using mindmaps to collect the main ideas from what the teacher says, you can keep a, avery general understanding of a topic and understand connections quiteeasily and um, quickly. What are some other uses of mind maps? Student 4 Preparing for exams?Teacher OK. Preparing for exams. That's a, a very good reason. We might callthis, er, revision. Before an exam, after having studied for many, many daysor even weeks, you might want to capture the, the, the very generalunderstanding about the subject. Are there any other uses that you can thinkof for mind mapping?Student 5 We can also use it for finding answers.Teacher For finding answers. That's, that's a very good, good answer. We couldcall this problem-solving. We can use mind maps to, to see other possiblealternatives, or options to, to, to solve a problem. OK. Next, I'd like us to talkabout some of the advantages or the benefits of using mind maps instead ofjust writing everything on a piece of paper. One of the most obviousadvantages, as you can see, is that mind maps are very visual. They give usum, almost a picture, a, a different perspective in terms of a picture, or adiagram of understanding information or understanding connected ideas,which is very helpful for people who like to learn from a different way. Arethere any other advantages that you can think of for mind mapping?Student 4 It lists the main points.Teacher They do. They do list the main points. We could call this um, a quicksummary. As you can see, we have main ideas throughout our mind map, notlong texts. And in this way, it helps us to grasp the, the key ideas and the keyconnections for mind maps or for our given subject. Are there any otheradvantages you can think of?Student 1 To think creatively.Teacher To think creatively. That's, that's a very good point. We could call thiscreative thinking. And what we mean here is basically thinking outside of thebox or thinking laterally. Mind maps are illogical and by being illogical theyencourage us to think creatively, you might say.Part2Teacher Next, I'd like us to think about aspects of design or constructing mindmaps. So far we have completed three quarters of our mind map about mindmaps. And then I'd just like you to have a look at this mind map and tell mewhat some of the most noticeable or striking features are that we can talkabout.Student 2 There is a centre.Teacher There is a centre. There is what we call a central word, a central wordor a phrase. It might also be a sentence or a question. You might have that inthe centre of the board and your related thoughts spiraling or radiating out.What else do you notice about the design of this mind map? Student 1 There are only words, not sentences.Teacher Exactly. There are many what we call key words as they capture themain thought of, of an issue rather than a long sentence or, or a passage. Thishelps us to concentrate on the main issues and find connections between theseissues as well. What other aspects of design do you notice here?Student 5 It looks like a tree.Teacher It does look like a tree because it has branches. By having branches, itshows how, um, thinking is radiating out or spiraling out from key ideas orcentral ideas to key words to sub-words and, and so forth. Are there anyother aspects of design which you notice in this particular map?Student 2 You used a lot of colours.Teacher I did. I perhaps use too many colours. I have used different colour toshow the different key words or different aspects of mind mapping. Youmight like to use different colours to highlight different sections of a mindmap or key information. Or you may, you may choose to have it all in onecolour. It's very much a personal choice, depending on how you like to, tothink and, and plan your thinking. You might also like to use images orpictures related to some of the key words. Or you might even use symbols.We'll put a question mark because this again is a personal choice and howyou like to design your mind maps. For example, I might choose to use athought bubble as a symbol, highlighting or identifying my central phrase,mind maps. This could be a, a feature of my own mind maps. Whenever Idesign a mind map, I highlight my central thought using a speech bubblesymbol.Listening inPassage 1Interviewer With us today is Martin Downes, a carpenter, who's 51. A year ago,Martin had a stroke. But he's been lucky enough to make a full recoveryfrom it. Can you tell us how it all began, Martin?Martin I'm very happy to - not that I remember much at all.I was at acustomer's house, building a cupboard, and the next thing I knew, I woke upin hospital with people in white coats bending over me. Interviewer It must have been very frightening.Ispeak. couldn't I that was frightening really was what But was. It Martincouldn't say a word. And I couldn't understand much that people said to me.Interviewer How awful!Martin Yeah! I don't know what would have happened to me if I hadn't had myfamily. But they were there for me, they really were. I had something calledaphasia, where the part of your brain gets damaged that affects your speechand language. But they started treatment for the condition almostimmediately. This speech and language therapist came to see me every dayfor 12 weeks. They made me do all these exercises. Interviewer What kind of exercises?Martin I had to match words and pictures and say their names. You see, I'd alsoforgotten the names of a lot of things. She had this thing called a word boardand I could point to words and phrases on it that I wanted to say. I had torepeat words up to 20 times - boy, it was hard, so hard. Interviewer Could you say anything to begin with?Martin I could say three words. Hi, Yes and No. That was all. And therewere a lot of words I couldn't understand -1 had to learn their meanings allover again.Interviewer It must have been very frustrating.Martin It was, but I was determined to get better. I was in hospital for three anda half months. When I got home I got a special computer programme that Iworked with every day. And slowly my language came back to me. It was astruggle, a big struggle. I had to learn to read and write again too.Interviewer Why do you think that you were able to recover completely? It's notthat common, is it?Martin I was lucky. I was given the right drug at the right time. And I had 12weeks of therapy, five days a week. That's very important, apparently.Interviewer And now that you're better how do you feel about your life?Martin What can I say? I'm just grateful to have my life back.Passage 2Interviewer In 1907 an Italian educator called Maria Montessori opened a schoolin Rome that taught young children using methods that were very differentfrom traditional teaching. Today, the Montessori method, as it's known, isused in nursery schools in countries such as America, Canada, Britain andGermany. Recent research shows that children educated at a Montessorinursery do better later on at school than other children in all subjects. Weasked two Montessori teachers, Claudia Rosella and Sarah Harrington, toexplain what makes their nursery school different. Sarah... Sarah I think the first thing to say is that a Montessori classroom is very quiet,very clean. Everything stays in the same place. So the children are calm andquiet as a result.Interviewer So they're not encouraged to be noisy.Sarah No, definitely not...Interviewer Claudia?Claudia Yes, the classroom's very important. Another important principle is thatchildren direct their own learning. They choose what they want to do.Interviewer So the teacher doesn't tell the child what to do?Sarah Not at all. While a child is doing an activity we observe them. Then wework with the child for a short time and then leave them to work on theirown.Interviewer That sounds excellent. And what about your equipment? It's oftenmade of wood, isn't it?Sarah Yes, and a piece of equipment is often designed for one activity only.Claudia Right. It's so that the child can see if they're getting something right orwrong.Interviewer So they don't need the teacher so much?Sarah That's right. Another Montessori principle is the importance of physicalactivity. Children learn by doing, so when they're learning to read, forexample, the letters are made of sandpaper so that childrencan feel theshape of the letter.Interviewer Do you think there are disadvantages with Montessori methods?Claudia Yes, there are. Maria Montessori didn't understand how important it isfor children to use their imagination. If she was alive today, she wouldrecognize that. But still, the fact is, her methods are very successful.Unit3 Face to faceInside viewConversation 1Kate Oh, I must make a quick call.Jacky Hello, Jacky Gordon speaking.Kate Hello, can I speak to Abbie, please?Jacky I'll see if she's in, can you hold on?Kate Sure.Jacky Hello? She's out, I'm afraid. Can I give her a message - er ... or I can askher to call you back?Kate Could you ask her to call me back?Jacky Sure. Who's calling?Kate Kate Santos.Jacky Kate Santos, OK. Does Abbie have your number?Kate Yes, she does.Jacky I'll tell her you called.Kate Thanks.Janet Abbie? I know a girl called Abbie. She reads English, doesn't she?Kate Yes, how do you know her?Janet She has a tutorial just after me so we chat a bit. We get on really well.Kate Yes, everyone likes Abbie. I think it's because she's really interested inpeople - she's a very good listener. She should be, she works for Nightline.Janet Nightline?Kate Oh, I haven't told you, I've joined it.Janet What is it? I've never heard of it.Kate Look, I've got a leaflet about it.Janet So...Kate It's a university helpline for students who are having problems. I'mtraining to be one of the people they can call to talk to. Janet You mean, you're a volunteer?Kate Yes.Janet Oh, that's great, Kate.Conversation 2Abbie Hi, Abbie speaking.Kate Hi, Abbie, it's Kate Santos.Abbie Hi! I'm sorry not to have called you back. I've got a lot on at the moment.How's things?Kate Fine. I just wanted to let you know I won't be able to come to the nexttraining session.Abbie Um ... It's quite an important session. Oh, can you hold on a moment.There's someone at the door.…Abbie Hi, I'm sorry, look, can I call you back later?Kate Sure. What time?Abbie Is three o'clock OK?Kate Three's fine.Abbie OK, I'll call you then. Speak soon.Kate Bye.Abbie Bye.…Kate Abbie's my Nightline trainer.Janet You're saying she's your Nightline trainer! But she's still a student.Kate Well, experienced students train new students, that's the way it works.Janet Oh, I see.Kate It's great! At the moment, she's training us in listening skills.Janet Listening skills? What do you mean, listening skills? Kate Um ... The ability to really listen to someone and make them feel you'relistening. It's very important.Janet I've never thought about that before.Kate Yes, for example, one thing you can do is listen carefully and then repeatwhat someone says but maybe a little differently.Janet So what you're saying is, repeat what someone says but maybe not theexact same words?Kate Yes. You see, when you do that, you check you've understood and you showthem you're really listening.Janet So they know you've really heard them.Kate Very good, Janet. I can see you've got it already! Hi,... how's it going?Outside viewVoice-over It's the most popular means of communication in the 21st century.Nobody writes letters any more, especially young people. They all use textmessaging instead. Officially called SMS - short message service - textmessaging is slow to enter, and you can only key in 160characters. So why isit such a success? The first text message was sent in 1992, but texting onlybecame commercially available in 1995. It has grown incredibly quickly sincethen. Just look at the graph. In 1999, the number of texts sent reached onebillion. Over the next three years, it grew to 20 billion! So people have nowsent billions of texts, and the number continues to rise. It isn't difficult to seewhy it quickly became part of youth culture.Emily I use it every day. I don't call a lot of people on it.I just use it for textmessages because it's easy and quick to send things and arrange things bytext.Heidi Mainly to friends. Sometimes it's useful to get information for work as well.You know, if people want to give you contact numbers or things like that, it'seasier than phoning.Andy I've had my mobile phone for about three years. I mostly use it for justtexting my mates and arranging sort of social meetings with them.Alice I like texting. I don't really talk much on it except just to makearrangements but texting's the biggest thing I do.Male I probably text message about ten, 15 times a day. Alice Usually, I don't know, about ten. Ten to 15. Fifteen maybe to 20.Voice-over It isn't just young people who use texting. Companies use it too - foradvertising and promotion. For example, the Orange telephone network has run atext message promotional campaign since April 2004. People text a special numberon a Wednesday and receive a discount voucher by text. They show this message toany one of 450 cinemas in Britain and get two tickets for the price of one. WhyWednesday? Wednesday has always been the worst day of the week for cinemas.Since the campaign started, cinema attendance has risen on Wednesdays by nearlyten per cent. And, of course, TV uses text message voting to decide lots of things.Texting has been one of the most successful inventions for。