2007. 12Section A Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.As war spreads to many corners of the globe, children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education 47 . The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the 48 of peacemakers. The C hildren’s Movement for Peace in Colombia was even nominated (提名) for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. Groups of children 49 as peacemakers studied human rights and poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogota known as The School of Peace.The classroom 50 opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with 51 , peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step 52 toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are 53 useful when helping children along the path to peace. The Y oung Peacemakers Club, started in 1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and 54 on starting a Kindness Campaign. The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to children’s rights and how to help the 55 of war. Starting a Peacemakers Club is a praiseworthy venture for a class and one that could spread to other classrooms and ideally affect the culture of the56 school.A) acting F) especially K) projectsB) assuming G) forward L) respectivelyC) comprehensive H) images M) roleD) cooperative I) information N) technologyE) entire J) offers O) victims第一步：略读全文，确定中心本文第一句指出As war spreads to many corners of the globe, children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts. 这正是文章的主题句。

第二步：阅读选项，词性分类动词acting，assuming，offers；名词images，information，projects，role，technology，victims形容词comprehensive，cooperative，entire副词especially，forward，respectively第三步：瞻前顾后，灵活选择大部分空缺都可以根据前后语法关系确定词性，如第47题，根据该空格后下文内容，可推断出需要填入名词projects “参加和平教育项目”；第48题，空格位于定冠词the之后，可判断此处缺少名词，took on担当战争调解人的角色，确定填入role；第50题，前后都是名词，可以判断需要填入谓语动词，且第三人称单数，只有offers符合要求；第53题修饰形容词useful，肯定需要副词，从三个副词中选一个，难度大大降低；第56题，空格位于定冠词the之后，名词school之前，可以判断此处缺少形容词作定语。

第四步：复核检查，确定结果Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three month of travel t hough Europe’s had been aboard a couple of times, but I could hardly _____to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was ______ to a little college French.I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, ______ unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up _______ and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable ______. I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, thought ran through my mind: you can't learn if you don't try. So I accepted the assignment.There were some bad _______. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guides or even _______ bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition _____. But ach time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you.I’ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a ______. And I know I’ll go on doing such things. It’s not because I’m braver or more daring than others. I’m not, but2008.12Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breath of life. They meet the natural 47 for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn 48 to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to 49 from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a 50 of human experiences and come to 51 other ways of thought and living. And while 52 their own relationships and responses to life, the readers often find that the 53 in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.Books provide 54 material for readers’imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books 55 their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them touse leisure 56 . The social and educational significance of the readers’books cannot be overestimated in an academic library.A) abundant B) characters C) communicating D) completelyE) derive F) desire G) diversity H) escapeI) establishing J) narrow K) naturally L) personnelM) properly N) respect O) respectQuestions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.There’s no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, and are we 47 to slow the devastation by controlling our insatiable 48 for fossil fuels?Global warming can seem too 49 to worry about, or too uncertain-something projected by the same computer 50 that often can’t get next week’s weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldn’t be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about 51 change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our lifestyles.Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discom- forting news. From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, and fast. Globally, the 52 is up 1°F over the past century, but some of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results aren’t pretty. Ice is 53 , rivers are running dry, and coasts are 54 , threatening communities.The 55 are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldn’t be out of mind, because they are omens of what’s in store for the 56 of the planet.[A]remote [B]techniques [C]consisting [D]rest [E]willing[F]climate [G]skill [H]appetite [I]melting [J]vanishing[K]eroding [L]temperature [M]curiosity [N]changes [O]skillful动词eroding，consisting，melting，vanishing名词climate，techniques，skill，temperature，appetite，curiosity，rest，changes 形容词remote，willing，skillful副词Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because e ach of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature, and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own goals of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one’s goals at too low a level of achievement.A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: “Y ou do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park, or riding the subway downtown,” The counselor added, “Y ou have not r eally failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given your best effort.”57. In the first paragraph, the author implies that ____ are essential in achieving success.[A]ability and goals [B]goals and determination[C]ability and environment [D]goals and environment58. The word “frugal” (Line 2, Para. 2) means_________.[A]wealthy [B]wasteful [C]thrifty [D]miserable59. Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because___________.[A]their life is miserable [B]they do not live in peace[C]their goals are too low [D]they are not rich enough by their own standards60. The last paragraph implies that___________.[A]we should have high goals [B]success means achieving great goals[C]success means taking a walk in the park[D]success means trying one’s best at what one really likes61. This passage mainly talks about___________.[A]the definition of success [B]how to achieve success[C]how to set goals [D]the importance of goalsPassage T wo Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.T eaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the “look-say” or “whole-word” method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning ofletters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self-directed, “learning how to learn”activities recommended by advocates (倡导者)of “open” classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these “Run-Spot-Run” readers.However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate” in beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Can’t Read, Flesch indicted(控诉)the nation’s public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method. He said—and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed—that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics(语音学), is far superior.Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.62. The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is_____________ .[A]only logical and natural [B]the expected position[C]probably a mistake [D]merely effective instruction63. The author indicts the look-say reading approach because___________ .[A]it overlooks decoding [B]Rudolf Flesch agrees with him[C]he says it is boring [D]many schools continue to use this method64. One major difference between the look-say method of learning reading and the phonicsmethod is____________ .[A]look-say is simpler [B]phonics takes longer to learn[C]look-say is easier to teach [D]phonics gives readers access to far more words65. The phrase “touch off” (Line 1, Para.3) most probably means________ .[A]talk about shortly [B]start or cause [C]compare with [D]oppose66. According to the author, which of the following statements is true?[A]Phonics approach regards whole-word method as unimportant.[B]The whole-word approach emphasizes decoding.[C]In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding.[D]Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vast majority ofmost common words can be learned.。