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全国英语等级考试pets3三级常见语法解析.doc

2019 年全国英语等级考试 pets3三级常见语法解析(4)
虚拟语气表示与客观事实相反的假设,由 if 虚拟条件从句和主句构成。

一、虚拟语气的基本内容
根据虚拟与其这种与事实相反的假设所对应的时间不同,虚拟语气的 if 虚拟条件从句与主句的谓语动词分别有三类构成形式:
假设类型If 虚拟条件从句
主句与现在事实相反Did/were Would/should do与过去事实相反 Had done Would/should have done与将来事实可能相反Were to
do/did/should do Would/should do
例: 1、I wouldn't talk that way if I were Peter.
2、If the whole operation had not been planned before
hand, a great deal of time and money
would have been lost
3、Jean doesn't want to work right away because she
thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn ’t be able to
see her friends very often.
4、I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him.
5、Do you think there would be less conflict ( 战斗、斗争)
in the world if all people spoke the same language.
6、If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good
time.
二、 if 的省略形式( 又称虚拟语气的倒装结构)
在if 虚拟条件从句中,如果谓语部分包含were,should ,had等词,则能够把这些词放到主语前,省略 if ,构成虚拟语气的倒装结构。

三、主句与从句时间不一致时虚拟语气的构成
当虚拟语气的 if 虚拟条件从句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致
时,要根据各自表示的时间采用对应的虚拟语气的构成形式。

例: 1、If I had attended the meeting yesterday, I
would know what happened now.
2、If you had taken our advice at that time, you would
not be in trouble now.
四、主观倾向性动词引导的虚拟语气的构成
在英语中存有一些动词,表示建议、命令、要求等主观的倾向,
由这些动词引导的that 宾语从句中,从句的谓语动词要用should+ 动词原形, should 能够省略。

这类常见的主观倾向性动词有“一坚持、
二命令、三建议、五要求”,分别是:
一坚持: insist 二命令: order 、command三建议: suggest 、advise(n advice) 、propose( 提议、建议 ) 五要求: ask、demand、require 、request 、desire
例: 1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan have
an operation right away so as to save his life.
2、His mother insisted that he put on the coat when
going out.同时,如果在题干中出现上面这些主观倾向性动词的名词
和形容词形式,题干中从句部分的谓语动词也要用should+ 动词原形,
should 能够省略。

考试中常见的词汇有: order ,command,suggestion ,advice ,proposal ,demand,request ,desire ,advisable ,desirable.
五、 wish that和if only引导的虚拟语气的构成
Wish that引导的宾语从句和if only引起的感叹句都用虚拟语
气来表示一种没有实现或无法实现的愿望,其中wish that 句型往往翻译为:多么希望 ?;if only 表示的愿望较 wish that 更强烈,常翻译为但愿 ; 要是 ?就好了。

两者的用法基本相同。

两者的用法是:1、当表示与现在的事实相反的一种愿望时, wish that 引导的宾语从句和 if only 引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是: did/were;
2、当表示与过去的事实相反的一种愿望时,wish that 引导的宾语从句和 if only 引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是:had done;
3、当表示未来一时很难实现的一种愿望时,wish that 引导的宾语从句和 if only 引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是:would do.。

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