机械制造常用词汇1. 工程材料Engineering materials1） 金属材料的力学特性mechanical properties2) 常用工程材料Common Engineering Materials强度Strength塑性plasticity硬度 hardness 韧性Toughness 屈服强度 Yield strength 抗拉强度 Tensile strength 布氏硬度Brinell hardness 洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness 维氏硬度 Vickers hardness 碳素钢Carbon steel 合金钢Alloy Steel 灰铸钢 cast gray steel球墨铸钢ductile cast steel可煅铸钢Casting, malleable iron铜合金Copper alloy铝合金aluminium alloy普通低合金general structure low-alloy steel易切钢Automatic Steel渗碳钢 carburized steel调质钢Hardened And Tempered Steel 弹簧钢 spring steel滚动轴承钢 Rolling bearings Steel合金工具钢alloy tool steel 粉末冶金powder metallurgy特殊钢 special steel 刀具钢Cutlery Steel 模具钢 Die Steel 量具钢 gauge steel 不锈钢 stainless steel 耐热钢 refractory steel 耐磨钢 Abrasion-Resistant Steel 硬质合金 Hard alloy2. 钢的热处理工艺Heat treatment3. 常用机床machine tool4. 数控机床Computerized Numerical Control退火annealing 正火normalizing 淬火quenching回火tempering表面淬火surface quenching渗碳carburization渗氮nitriding完全退火full annealing 球化退火spheroidizing annealing 去应力退火stress relieving annealing 卧式车床 Lathes, horizontal单轴立式车床 single column vertical lathe 台式车床 bench lathe立式车床 Lathes, vertical摇臂车床 radial lathe单臂刨床 open-side planing machine插床 Slotting machines龙门刨床Planing machine卧式升降台铣床horizontal lifting platform milling machine 立式升降台铣床lifting platform milling machine 龙门铣床 planer-type milling machine 滚齿机gear hobbing machine外圆磨床External cylindrical grinding machines 内圆磨床internal cylindrical grinding machine 平面磨床surface grinder拉床 broaching machine插齿机gear shaper数控车床 CNC lathes数控洗床 CNC milling machine加工中心 CNC Machining Center轴联动加工机床 axes linkage machine tool 复合加工机床 composite machine tool5. 刀具cutter车刀 lathe tool成形车刀formed turning tool铣刀Milling cutter孔加工刀具(piercing cutters)拉刀broaching螺纹刀具chasing tool齿轮刀具Gear Cutters插齿刀gear shaper cutter剃齿刀gear shaving cutter齿轮滚刀gear hob蜗轮滚刀worm hob锥齿滚刀自动线刀具automatic line cutter6 测量器具measuring instrument硬质合金焊接式车刀carbide welded cutter 机夹式车刀 Turning tools 钻削钻头drill 深孔钻deep-hole drill 扩孔钻expanding drill ， 锪钻countersink drill ，铰刀reamer 及镗刀boring tool 孔加工复合刀具 combination cutting tool 圆孔round 花键spline 键槽key groove 推刀push broach 丝锥tap螺纹滚压工具游标卡尺slide caliper 千分尺micrometer calipers 百分表dial indicator 万能角度尺mullti-functional compasses 塞尺Feeler gauges 刀口形直尺Knife straight edge 三坐标测量仪coordinate measuring machine7. 工件夹具fixtures and jigs8. 液压传动Hydraulic Power Transmission9. 形位公差Geometrical Tolerance10. 机械零件 mechanical parts11. 机械零件 mechanical parts凸轮Cam滚子roller液压泵hydraulic pump液压马达hydraulic motor液压缸Hydraulic cylinder 控制阀control valve辅助装置supplemental devices 斜楔夹紧机构螺旋夹紧机构偏心夹紧机构铰链夹紧机构定心夹紧机构联动夹紧机构机械增力机构方向控制阀 direction control valve 压力控制阀 pressure control valve 流量控制阀 flow control valve 滤油器oil filter 油箱oil tank 蓄能器Accumulator 压力表开关pressure meter switch管道及管接头pipes & fittings 公差配合tolerance fit表面粗糙度Surface roughness表面形状和位置公差shape and position tolerance 盘类轴类箱体类焊接类冲压类铸造类螺纹类棘轮ratchet螺栓bolt螺母nut螺钉bolt带轮平带flat beltV 带 V belt圆形带circular belt同步带 timing belt链轮 sprocket wheel链条 chain滚子链boom chain齿轮gear直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear涡轮turbo涡杆Vortex bar齿轮箱Gear box减速器Reducer轴 axis曲轴Crank shaft传动轴Transmission Shaft平键flat key半圆键woodruff key花键spline轴承bearing滚动轴承Rolling Bearing滑动轴承plain bearing联轴器coupling刚性联轴器Rigid coupling扰性联轴器弹性联轴器Flexible coupling离合器clutch超越离合器free-wheeling clutch12. 钳工工艺ocksmith13. 装配工艺Assembly14. 特种加工 special process弹簧 spring圆柱螺旋弹簧Cylindrically helical spring 盘簧coiled spring板弹簧Leaf spring划线錾削chopping锉削filing锯削scaling钻孔drilling扩孔counterbore锪孔counterbore铰孔reaming攻螺纹ensat threaded套螺纹矫正和弯曲刮削gouging研磨polishing铆接rivet joint部件装配Assembly总装配 final assembly调整 adjust精度检验 precision inspection试车trial喷漆 spray-paint涂油annoit装箱 encase电火花加工 （EDM ）Electric Discharge Machine 电火花线切割加工 (WEDM) Wire cut Electrical Discharge Machining激光加工 (LBM) Laser Beam Machining 超声清洗ultrasonic cleaning15. 铸造 casting16. 锻压forge and press17. 冲压 punching18. 焊接成形 welding19. 钢铁零件表面预处理 pretreatment for steel parts手工造型 manual casting 特种铸造special casting失蜡铸造investement casting 低压铸造Low Pressure Casting压力铸造pressure casting金属铸造 离心铸造centrifugal casting自由锻造 free forge胎膜锻造moulding forge冲压设备punching equipments冲压工序punching processes 剪床shearing machine冲床 punching machine 冲裁gouging 弯曲bending 拉深（伸）stretching 熔焊 welding压焊pressure welding钎焊brazing/ soldering气焊gas welding气割gas cutting氩弧焊argon arc welding二氧化碳气体保护焊carbon dioxide arc welding( 埋弧焊submerged arc welding电渣焊electroslag welding电阻焊resistance welding摩擦焊friction welding 磨光burnish抛光polish滚光20. 铝合金表面预处理 pretreatment for aluminum alloy21. 塑料表面预处理 pretreatment for plastics22. 电镀 plating23. 电镀层检验 plating inspection24. 涂装coating除油degrease去除氧化膜remove oxide film转化处理conversion treatment退火anneal脱脂 degrease除尘，除静电 dust removal ; Destaticizing 湿润和粗化 clouding & roughening电镀单金属 single metal电镀合金 Alloy 镀锌 zinc plating 镀铜 copper plating镀镍 nickel plating镀铬chromium plating 暗镍/半亮镍/光亮镍/装饰铬半亮镍/高硫镍/光亮镍/装饰铬半亮镍/光亮镍/应力镍/微裂纹铬半亮镍/高硫镍/光亮镍/封闭镍/微孔铬 外观 appearance结合力binding force耐蚀性 （盐雾试验）salt spray test镀层厚度 thickness of plating耐磨性 wear resistance刷漆 painting手工喷涂 manual spraying静电喷漆 electrostatic painting电泳涂装electrophoretic coating静电喷粉Electrostatic Dusting浸涂dip coating。