1. What is culture?
On the surface: customs and behavior More deeply: what the behavior and customs mean to the people who are following them
In a word: Culture is all about meanings
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Elements of communication
• Context (location, time, light, temperature, seating arrangements)
• Participants (relationship, gender, culture) • Messages (meanings, symbols, encoding
Hall: Culture is everything and everywhere
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4. What is Communication?
• It comes from the Latin word “communicare”, it
means to give or to exchange. Now, the most common meaning of “communication” is to give or exchange information or ideas. • Communication is our ability to share our ideas and feelings. (the basis of all human contact) • Communication is a dynamic, systematic process in which meanings are created and reflected in human interaction with symbols. (J.T.Wood)
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6. Intercultural Communication
• Samovar & Porter
Intercultural communication is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.
intercultural communication refers to any communication between two members of any cultural communities.
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Intercultural Communication Vs
Cross-cultural Communication
Linear Model of Communication
Sender
encoding
noise
Channel (message)
decoding
Receiver
Is this an effective model of communication?
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Interactive Model of Communication
• 1) Communication is dynamic
• 2) Communication is interactive
• 3) Communication is irreversible
• 4) Communication takes place in both a physical and social context.
• Cross-cultural communication the similarities and differences in value orientations, affective dispositions, relationship management, communicative styles (psychological process)
decoding
message / channel
encoding
Sender Receiver
noise
Sender Receiver
encoding
message / channel
decoding
Feedback is essential to good comracteristics of communication
• One man’s meat is another man’s poison. ---- English proverb
• God gave to every people a cup, cup of clay, and from this cup they drank life… They all dipped in the water, but their cups were different. ---- R. Benedict
and decoding) • Channels (sound, sight, smell, taste, touch) • Noise (external noise, internal noise,
semantic noise) • feedback
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Mode of Communication
• Intercultural communication the penetration by a member of one culture into another culture (practical significance)
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Warm-up: Read the following sayings aloud, and
discuss with your partner: what do they mean to you?
• Human beings draw close to one another by their common nature, but habits and customs keep them apart. ---- Confucian saying