最新2017高考英语阅读(完整版)高考英语阅读文体类型及阅读理解答题技巧一、英语阅读文体类型简析高考英语阅读常见的文体类型有：记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文。

1、记叙文英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点、或过程。

特点是，其主题往往潜伏在字里行间，没有直接地表白出来；文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。

描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。

阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。

高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。

2、议论文英语议论文通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。

首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。

议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。

因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。

一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。

还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。

把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。

就议论文而言，其论证的常见结构方式有：1，总分式总---分；分----总；总----分---总；2，并列式几个论据之间属于平等关系；3，递进式几个论据之间属于递进关系；4，对照式把两种事物加以对比，以彰显其中一种。

3、说明文英语说明文的总体结构通常为三部份，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。

常见的说明方法：1，定义与诠释说明；2，举例与引用说明；3，分类与图表说明；4，比较与比喻说明；5，分析与综合说明；就高考英语说明文的阅读而言，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，也就是要抓住被说明对象的实质性特征；弄清作者从哪个角度、哪个层面开始说明；并明白文章最后的说明结论。

高考说明文阅读材料通常介绍最新科技、重大成就、生活时尚、流行现象等。

了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法，理清短文结构及段落中心思想是答题关键。

4、应用文英语应用文属于实用型文体，如书信、通知、日记、广告等。

应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。

阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的方法，力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容。

二、英语阅读理解答题技巧高考阅读理解常见的设题形式有：词义猜测题、主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理题和推断题。

题型不同，答题技巧也就有差异。

下面就不同题型的答题技巧作一点简分析。

1、词义猜测技巧这种题型要求对文章中的划线生词进行词义猜测。

这类题型不仅要求具备一定构词法，而且也要求对上下文具有比较全面的理解。

做词意猜测时，应注意划线生词后面的定语从句、同位语从句。

定语从句、同位语从句通常用来解释生词的词意。

另外，还要应注意生词后的标点符号，如逗号、破折号、引号、括号都可用于提示词意。

有时，词意隐藏在全文或某一段中，这就需要把握文段的意境来加以透知该词的含义。

Eg：2013广州一模阅读A篇To argue that zoos imprison animals is to misunderstand what zoos are about. Without zoos many of the creatures we love and admire would no longer exist. Every single day，over one hundredone quarter of the Earth’s species will become extinct.27.The underlined word “vanish” in Paragraph 2 most probably means _____.A. remainB. disappearC. become rarerD. get killed2、抓主旨大意的技巧。

一般来说，议论文的主旨大意要么在首段，要么在尾段。

文章主旨位于首段时，其后的段落通常是演绎论证的过程；在段尾时，其前的段落通常是在摆事实、讲道理，最后归纳出全文主旨。

说明文的主旨也通常位于首段；记叙文的主旨有的位于开首段（如新闻报道、时事经纬等文章的主旨均置于开场白的位置，达到开门见山、直奔主题的效果），但大多数记叙文的主旨隐藏在文章之中，需理清文章脉络，挖掘文章内涵，把握作者意图。

Eg：2013广州一模阅读A篇Zoos divide opinion：there are those who think it is cruel to keep animals locked up while others believe zoos are essential for the survival of endangered species.29. According to the passage some people do not agree with zoos because they _____.A. are too expensive to runB. put animals in dangerC. do not provide enough foodD. keep animals locked up3、推断题型答题技巧。

推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义，即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行间，要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。

推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。

推断题推断得正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。

Eg：2013广州一模阅读A篇To argue that zoos imprison animals is to misunderstand what zoos are about. Without zoos many of the creatures we love and admire would no longer exist. Every single day，over one hundred animal species vanish. Scientists predict that as early as 2050 one quarter of the Ear th’s species will become extinct.26. What’s the writer’s attitude towards zoos?A. He shows no opinion either for or against them.B. He thinks that they are unnecessary and cruel.C. He believes they play an important environmental role.D. He expresses a desire that more of them be built.4、细节题型的答题技巧。

细节题型的解答通常是借助对文中的具体信息的查寻来解决。

答题时要采取略读、扫读、析读和精读的办法从文中找出问题答案。

细节题型多问及时间、地点、人物、数量和特征等。

Eg：2013广州一模阅读A篇Some animals are in danger because they are hunted. Alarmingly, the population of tigers has already fallen by ninety-five percent. Other species are in danger because of a lack of food. For example, there are fewer than 1300 giant pandas left in thewild.28.According to the passage the world’s tiger population _____.A. will rise by 5% next yearB. is relatively stableC/ is 95% smaller than in the past D. has fallen to 95%2015高考英语阅读理解2015高考英语阅读理解一轮（通用版）训练（8）及答案【福建省漳州市2014高考英语第三次联考试题】The China Daily newspaper group is looking for English-language senior business editors, senior copy editors, copy editors and graphic designers to strengthen its international team. We offer a competitive salary package, free accommodation with utilities paid for,90 per cent medical reimbursement, a seven-day paid leave, eleven-day public holidays and a return ticket to the country of residence.Senior Business EditorYou must：assist the business editor in setting goals and working on achieving them；be an excellent team person who can generate ideas and think creatively and be able to rewrite totally if needed and mentor junior staff；ideally have been working or have worked in a position of responsibility and understand what leadership entails；have had at least five years' editing experience working on editing the Business Desk and be familiar with industry software.Senior Copy EditorYou must：work on shifts in the Business Desk and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print；edit or rewrite copy and give snappy headlines and captions；have had at least two years' editing experience working on editing desks and be familiar with industry software.Copy EditorYou must：21世纪教育网be good at editing or rewriting copy and writing snappy headlines and captions；be able to work on shifts for different pages, and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print;have two years of editing experience working on copy desks, and be familiar with industry software.Graphic DesignerYou must：have excellent skills in information graphics；be good at illustrations and freehand drawings；be experienced in newspaper or magazine layouts；have a good sense of typography；have good news judgment；be well-versed with Macintosh software, including InDesign, Illustrator and Photoshop；be fluent in English.For enquiries or to apply, write to job @ .68. What is the purpose of this passage?A. To describe the positions of the China Daily newspaper group.B. To describe the working conditions of the China Daily newspaper group.C. To advertise for recruiting some good employees.D. To tell you how to become part of this group.69. What is not required about Graphic Designer?A. Be well-versed with Photoshop.B. Have excellent skills in information graphics.C. Having a good sense of typography.D. Writing snappy headlines and captions.70. How many positions need editing experience?A. 2.B. 1.C. 3.D. 4.71. Which can be the title of the advertisement?A. China Daily：New Employees WantedB. China Daily：NewspaperC. China Daily：An International TeamD. China Daily：The Best Working Condition【参考答案】68—71、CDCA阅读理解Too much TV-watching can harm children's ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children. One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs. A second study ,looking at nearly 1000 grown-ups in New Zealand, found lower education levels among 26-year –olds who had watched lots of TV during childhood. But the results don't prove that TV is the cause and don't ride out that already poorly motivated youngsters (年轻人)may watch lots of TV. Their study measured the TV habits of 26-year-olds between ages5 and 15. These with college degrees had watch an average of less than two hours of TV per week night during childhood, compared with an average of more than 2 1/2 hours for those who had no education beyond high school. In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest. While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores, it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldn't have TVs in their bedrooms.( ) 1. According to the California study, the low-scoring group might _________.A. have watched a lot of TVB. not be interested ted in mathC. be unable to go to collegeD. have had computers in their bedrooms( ) 2. What is the researchers' understanding of the New Zealand study results?A. Poorly motivated 26-year-olds watch more TV.B. Habits of TV watching reduce learning interest.C. TV watching leads to lower education levels of the 15-year-olds.D. The connection between TV and education levels is difficult to explain( ) 3. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?A. More time should be spent on computers.B. Children should be forbidden from watching TV.C. 'IV sets shouldn't be allowed in children's bedrooms.D. Further studies on high-achieving students should be done.( ) 4. What would be the best title for this text?A. Computers or TelevisionB. Effects of Television on ChildrenC. Studies on TV and College EducationD. Television and Children's Learning Habits1. A.细节理解题.根据第二段中Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs.可得出答案.2. D. 细节理解题. 根据第三段But the results don' prove that TV is the cause and don't ride t out that already poorly motivated youngsters (年轻人)may watch lots of TV.可以确定答案.3. C.推理判断题.注意最后一段开头的while 是"尽管"的意思,所以这两段都是围绕儿童卧室不应该放电视机的问题.4. B.主旨大意题.通读全文可知,文章主要通过两项研究分析了儿童看电视所造成的影响.文章第一段第一句话是主题句,所以 B 项作为标题是最佳的.【天津市蓟县邦均中学2014高考英语模拟试题】CIn the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror or the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escapingAccording to a weather expert's prediction , the atmosphere will be 3℃warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate．If this warming up took place．the ice caps in the poles would begin to inch，thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities．Also．the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changesin the climate of the northern hemisphere(北半球)，possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth’s chief food growing zones．In the past，concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet．But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic．which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming，in other words，by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels．Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing．The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place．This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth．However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere，where temperatures seem to be falling．Scientists conclude，therefore ,that up to now natural influences on the weather have gone beyond those caused by man．The question is：Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun．Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and ‘cold’ spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots)on the sun．As the sun rotates(使旋转)，every 27．5 days，it presents hotter or colder faces to the earth，and different aspects to different parts of the earth．This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth atmospheric pressure，and consequently on wind circulation．The sun is also changeable over a long term：its heat output goes up and down in cycles，thelatest trend being downward．‘Scientists are now finding shared relations between models of solar weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years，including the last ice Age．The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not．One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia(惯性)of the earth‘s climate．If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful opposed balance to the sun’s fading heat．46．It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ．A．mean a warming-up in the ArcticB．raise the temperature of the earth’s surfaceC．prevent the sun’s rays from reaching the earth’s surfaceD．explain the cause of great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere47．The article was written to explain ．A．the green house effectB．the solar effects on the earthC．the causes affecting weatherD．the models of solar weather interactions48．Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere,temperatures there seem to be falling．This is ．A．mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide arc risingB．partly due to changes in the output of solar energyC．possibly because the ice caps in the poles are meltingD．only d ue to the effect of the inertia of the earth’s climate49.On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion thatA the climate of the world should be becoming coolerB the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effectC the man-made warning effect helps to increase the solar effectsD it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth’s climate to take effect50.If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correctA ice would soon cover the northern hemisphereB the greenhouse effect could work in favor of the earthC the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuelsD the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly【参考答案】46-50BCBAB阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。