2012年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解Paper OnePart I Vocabulary and Structure (15%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.1. It was very difficult to find the parts needed to do the job because of the ______ way the store was organized.A. logicalB. haphazardC. orderlyD. tidy【答案】B【解析】句意：由于店铺东西摆放杂乱无章，干活时找寻所需东西相当困难。

haphazard 随意的；无计划的；胡乱的。

orderly整齐的；有组织的。

2. Mississippi also upholds the South’s well-deserved reputation for warm, hospitable people; balmy year-round weather; and truly ______ cuisine.A. destructiveB. horribleC. amiableD. delectable【答案】D【解析】句意：密西西比州也保持着南方人们热情好客、气候一年到头温暖舒适和菜肴真正美味可口的声誉。

delectable美味的；使人愉快的。

amiable和蔼可亲的；温和的。

3. If she is stupid, she’s ______ pleasant to look at.A. at any rateB. by chanceC. at a lossD. by the way【答案】A【解析】句意：如果说她比较愚蠢，但至少长得还不错。

at any rate无论如何，至少。

by chance偶然地，意外地。

at a loss不知所措；亏本；困惑。

by the way顺便地，附带说说。

4. The mother was ______ with grief when she heard that her child was dead.A. fantasticB. frankC. franticD. frenzy【答案】C【解析】句意：那位母亲听说她的孩子死亡时悲痛欲绝。

be frantic意为“发疯似的；发狂的；厉害的”，be frantic with为惯用搭配，指“为……而发狂”。

fantastic极好的；异想天开的；奇异的。

frenzy为名词，指“狂乱；极度的激动；狂怒”。

5. In your teens, peer-group friendships may ______ from parents as the major influence on you.A. take controlB. take placeC. take upD. take over【答案】D【解析】句意：青少年时期，同龄者的友情可能会取代父母对一个人产生主要影响。

take over from为常用搭配，意为“取而代之”。

take control采取控制，掌控。

take place发生，举行。

take up开始从事；接受（提议）；占用。

6. Parents often faced the ______ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.A. paradoxB. junctionC. premiseD. dilemma【答案】D【解析】句意：家长常常面临着这样一个两难境地：做有利于孩子成长的事还是他们能够忍受的没有管束的噪声和破坏。

dilemma窘境；进退两难。

paradox悖论；似非而是的论点。

junction连接；交叉点。

premise前提；上述各项；房屋连地基。

7. There have been demonstrations on the streets ______ the recent terrorist attack.A. in the wake ofB. in the course ofC. in the context ofD. in the light of【答案】A【解析】句意：最近的恐怖袭击事件后，人们一直在街上举行游行示威。

in the wake of紧跟；随着；跟着。

in the course of在……期间，在……过程中。

in the context of在……情况下；在……背景下。

in the light of鉴于，按照；比照。

8. Thousands of Medicare patients with chronic medical conditions have been wrongly ______ access to necessary care.A. grudgedB. deniedC. negatedD. invalidated【答案】B【解析】句意：数以千计有着慢性病的医保患者被不公平地拒绝获得必要的护理。

denyaccess to为习惯用法，有“使……无法获得”之意。

grudge怀恨；妒忌；吝惜。

negate取消；否定；使作废。

invalidate使无效；使作废；证明……错误。

9. It has been proposed by many linguists that human language ______, our biologically programmed ability to use language, is still not well defined and understood.A. potentialityB. perceptionC. facultyD. acquisition【答案】C【解析】题干两个逗号之间的内容是对“human language______”的解释说明，即“生来便具有的使用语言的能力”，因此横线部分应填入有“能力，才能”之意的faculty。

故答案选C。

10. Western medicine, ______ science and practiced by people with academicinternationally accepted medical degrees, is only one of many systems of healing.A. rooted inB. originated fromC. trapped inD. indulged in【答案】A【解析】本句主干为Western medicine is only one of many systems of healing，两个逗号之间为定语成分修饰主语western medicine（西药学），指“西药学根植于科学，行医者有着受国际认可的医学学位”。

虽然root in和originate from均有“来源于”之意，但此处强调的是“西药学是以科学为基础的”，因此root in更符合。

trap in陷入；使困于。

indulge in任凭自己沉溺于……；耽于。

因此本题选A。

11. When I asked if a black politician could win in France, however, he responded______ “No, conditions are different here.”A. ambiguouslyB. implicitlyC. unhesitatinglyD. optimistically【答案】C【解析】根据题干引号中的“No”可知，此处指“毫不犹豫、迅速地”作出回应。

本句意为：当我问及在法国黑人政客是否有可能获选时，他毫不犹豫地回应道“不，在这里情况不一样”。

unhesitatingly不踌躇地；迅速地。

ambiguously含糊不清地，不明确地。

implicitly 含蓄地；暗中地。

12. The development of staff cohesion and a sense of team effort in the workplacecan be effectively ______ by the use of humor.A. acquainted。