必须注意的是,原料生物利用率并不等于营养价值,利用率只是营养价值的一个评定指标。
蛋白质利用率排名第一的豆粕其生长效果处于第l0位,而利用率排名第l6位的蚕蛹其等蛋白生长效果排名第1位。
究其原因,蚕蛹为动物蛋白,必需氨基酸含量高、氨基酸平衡且含有较多未知生长因子。
所以,虽然生物利用率是原料营养价值的重要评定指标,但氨基酸指标更为核心。
上述论断为任泽林所下。
对于此句话可以理解为,如果原料的氨基酸组成(特别是必需氨基酸)与鱼体需求不一致,即使其蛋白质消化率较高,吸收进入鱼体的蛋白质也会大量当作能量消耗或转换为脂肪等其他物质,而不能用于蛋白质的合成。
注:表X A、表X B分别表示2001年前和2001年后研究成果。
一蛋白质消化率表1A 蛋白质消化率鲤鱼草鱼长吻鮠A B C D E F G 地瓜粉90.70小米94.58麦麸90.00 88.93 73.21 80.22大麦89.37 59.48高粱91.99高粱糠57.37稻谷64.21玉米90.83 90.45 64.88 50.10土豆淀粉92.06标粉95.29 68.90次粉71.31苜蓿粉90.45大米92.87小麦94.10 87.06 94.17 米糠82.61 76.38 65.30 71.11 72.61骨粉87.89蚕蛹粉73.55酪蛋白98.95进口鱼粉81.28 95.00 87.54 90.81 82.66 90.91 国产鱼粉78.19 84.04 86.05 86.65白鱼粉85.14卤虫粉82.32虾糠80.56肉骨粉84.22 79.21 87.57肉骨粉1 91.20肉骨粉2 91.20肉骨粉3 84.04血粉48.35 90.22 85.93 发酵血粉60.85蒸煮血粉73.27喷干血粉96.15蟹粉80.22肠衣粉69.89羽毛粉-4.36蓖麻饼89.32芝麻粕67.69 80.20葵花粕95.79 90.08玉米糟62.60白酒糟81.58 68.47啤酒糟86.20四环素药渣61.71玉米酒精蛋白85.47玉米胚芽饼88.89 77.10酵母85.04啤酒酵母85.47 86.17棉籽粕89.49 75.22棉籽饼83.57 82.45菜籽粕83.30 77.81 69.09 80.06 89.87 黄菜粕86.03黑菜粕79.45双低菜粕86.15豆粕97.34 95.00 87.53 96.21 96.31 76.33 豆饼86.46 88.91膨化太豆89.14麻饼73.20花生饼89.48 90.92椰肉饼65.35玉米蛋白粉92.34 68.91 73.93 菌体蛋白72.14表1B 蛋白质消化率原料花鲈大黄鱼长吻鮠翘嘴红鲌罗非鱼鱼粉92.30 90.91 91.78 92.21白鱼粉92.40 红鱼粉89.30 肉骨粉77.39 78.30血粉85.93 95.18 91.58(喷雾)蚕蛹粉84.92豆粕90.64 84.50 91.89 99.26 花生粕87.05 80.60 88.26 89.87 棉籽粕76.79 70.70 66.34 88.40 菜籽粕81.30 79.40 77.94 86.57 豆饼粉76.33菜籽饼粉89.87玉米蛋白粉73.93 88.68(玉米)小麦粉94.17酵母88.83 91.69大米糠60.48小麦次粉89.03小麦麸91.54二脂肪消化率二脂肪消化率表2B 脂肪消化率原料花鲈大黄鱼翘嘴红鲌鱼粉89.40 94.16白鱼粉90.5红鱼粉88.3肉骨粉88.31 74.2血粉蚕蛹粉92.78 豆粕86.71 90 93.96 花生粕87.21 82.6 85.25 棉籽粕80.46 61.3菜籽粕86.09 76.3 66.69 三消化能表4B 能量消化率(%)原料花鲈大黄鱼长吻鮠鱼粉83.96 83.00 白鱼粉82.60红鱼粉80.50肉骨粉67.94 70.20血粉82.27豆粕76.18 76.30花生粕73.16 74.70棉籽粕46.99 42.90菜籽粕68.01 66.40豆饼粉61.39 菜籽饼粉79.07 玉米蛋白粉48.43 小麦粉84.63 四干物质消化率表4A 干物质消化率鲤鱼草鱼团头鲂青鱼A B C D E G H I J 地瓜粉70.29小米84.53麦麸50.76 59.30 62.66 33.59 47.00 69.50 42.85 大麦77.34 59.97 66.90高粱85.96 59.70高粱糠33.24稻谷64.52玉米22.90土豆淀粉59.09标粉87.08 79.36次粉61.62苜蓿粉35.38 36.30大米93.85小麦80.72米糠67.62 47.39 54.14 56.67 61.00 49.90 骨粉12.96蚕蛹粉69.02脱脂蚕蛹粉72.90酪蛋白90.19进口鱼粉71.01 83.00 83.06 60.39 64.20 77.35 国产鱼粉66.00 81.51 62.08 53.59 69.70 79.70 68.17 白鱼粉60.46卤虫粉虾糠59.84 59.90肉骨粉60.82 59.13 66.51 70.00 71.39 肉骨粉1 71.90肉骨粉2 71.90肉骨粉3 43.59家禽副产物88.50血粉41.50 82.61 85.80 85.42 发酵血粉40.98蒸煮血粉76.01喷干血粉87.06蟹粉56.68肠衣粉56.62羽毛粉31.72 62.20蓖麻饼55.83芝麻粕51.87 70.19葵花粕52.24 51.40白酒糟38.44 71.71啤酒糟44.51四环素药渣60.13玉米酒精蛋白65.36玉米胚芽饼61.34 60.75 58.69 50.50 60.20 62.25 酵母64.24啤酒酵母72.14 82.10棉籽粕46.84 59.49棉籽饼48.54 41.48 43.80 64.60 63.59 菜籽粕59.21 68.62 49.52 43.63 49.30 48.60 45.90 61.59 黄菜粕74.80黑菜粕68.31双低菜粕66.40豆粕75.96 85.00 75.84 81.20 77.80 66.50 79.27 豆饼78.17 55.83 74.90膨化太豆79.10花生饼65.53 34.70 84.80玉米蛋白粉81.81 63.36菌体蛋白66.46表4B 干物质消化率原料花鲈大黄鱼翘嘴红鲌鱼粉62.03 86.53白鱼粉70.00红鱼粉65.20肉骨粉58.62 52.40血粉86.90豆粕65.95 68.20 84.17蚕蛹粉76.36花生粕64.40 66.50 81.83棉籽粕40.59 43.60 43.43菜籽粕58.66 50.60 60.61酵母67.42五原料磷消化率表4A 干物质消化率鲤鱼草鱼团头鲂青鱼A B C D E G H I J 地瓜粉70.29小米84.53麦麸50.76 59.30 62.66 33.59 47.00 69.50 42.85 大麦77.34 59.97 66.90高粱85.96 59.70高粱糠33.24稻谷64.52玉米22.90土豆淀粉59.09标粉87.08 79.36次粉61.62苜蓿粉35.38 36.30大米93.85小麦80.72米糠67.62 47.39 54.14 56.67 61.00 49.90 骨粉12.96蚕蛹粉69.02脱脂蚕蛹粉72.90酪蛋白90.19进口鱼粉71.01 83.00 83.06 60.39 64.20 77.35 国产鱼粉66.00 81.51 62.08 53.59 69.70 79.70 68.17 白鱼粉60.46卤虫粉虾糠59.84 59.90肉骨粉60.82 59.13 66.51 70.00 71.39 肉骨粉1 71.90肉骨粉2 71.90肉骨粉3 43.59家禽副产物88.50血粉41.50 82.61 85.80 85.42 发酵血粉40.98蒸煮血粉76.01喷干血粉87.06蟹粉56.68肠衣粉56.62羽毛粉31.72 62.20蓖麻饼55.83芝麻粕51.87 70.19葵花粕52.24 51.40白酒糟38.44 71.71啤酒糟44.51四环素药渣60.13玉米酒精蛋白65.36玉米胚芽饼61.34 60.75 58.69 50.50 60.20 62.25 酵母64.24啤酒酵母72.14 82.10棉籽粕46.84 59.49棉籽饼48.54 41.48 43.80 64.60 63.59 菜籽粕59.21 68.62 49.52 43.63 49.30 48.60 45.90 61.59 黄菜粕74.80黑菜粕68.31双低菜粕66.40豆粕75.96 85.00 75.84 81.20 77.80 66.50 79.27 豆饼78.17 55.83 74.90膨化太豆79.10花生饼65.53 34.70 84.80玉米蛋白粉81.81 63.36菌体蛋白66.46表4B 干物质消化率原料花鲈大黄鱼翘嘴红鲌鱼粉62.03 86.53 白鱼粉70.00红鱼粉65.20肉骨粉58.62 52.40血粉86.90豆粕65.95 68.20 84.17 蚕蛹粉76.36 花生粕64.40 66.50 81.83 棉籽粕40.59 43.60 43.43 菜籽粕58.66 50.60 60.61酵母67.42五原料磷消化率表4A 干物质消化率鲤鱼草鱼团头鲂青鱼A B C D E G H I J 地瓜粉70.29小米84.53麦麸50.76 59.30 62.66 33.59 47.00 69.50 42.85 大麦77.34 59.97 66.90高粱85.96 59.70高粱糠33.24稻谷64.52玉米22.90土豆淀粉59.09标粉87.08 79.36次粉61.62苜蓿粉35.38 36.30大米93.85小麦80.72米糠67.62 47.39 54.14 56.67 61.00 49.90 骨粉12.96蚕蛹粉69.02脱脂蚕蛹粉72.90酪蛋白90.19进口鱼粉71.01 83.00 83.06 60.39 64.20 77.35 国产鱼粉66.00 81.51 62.08 53.59 69.70 79.70 68.17 白鱼粉60.46卤虫粉虾糠59.84 59.90肉骨粉60.82 59.13 66.51 70.00 71.39 肉骨粉1 71.90肉骨粉2 71.90肉骨粉3 43.59家禽副产物88.50血粉41.50 82.61 85.80 85.42 发酵血粉40.98蒸煮血粉76.01喷干血粉87.06蟹粉56.68肠衣粉56.62羽毛粉31.72 62.20蓖麻饼55.83芝麻粕51.87 70.19葵花粕52.24 51.40白酒糟38.44 71.71啤酒糟44.51四环素药渣60.13玉米酒精蛋白65.36玉米胚芽饼61.34 60.75 58.69 50.50 60.20 62.25 酵母64.24啤酒酵母72.14 82.10棉籽粕46.84 59.49棉籽饼48.54 41.48 43.80 64.60 63.59 菜籽粕59.21 68.62 49.52 43.63 49.30 48.60 45.90 61.59 黄菜粕74.80黑菜粕68.31双低菜粕66.40豆粕75.96 85.00 75.84 81.20 77.80 66.50 79.27 豆饼78.17 55.83 74.90膨化太豆79.10花生饼65.53 34.70 84.80玉米蛋白粉81.81 63.36菌体蛋白66.46表4B 干物质消化率原料花鲈大黄鱼翘嘴红鲌鱼粉62.03 86.53 白鱼粉70.00红鱼粉65.20肉骨粉58.62 52.40血粉86.90豆粕65.95 68.20 84.17 蚕蛹粉76.36 花生粕64.40 66.50 81.83 棉籽粕40.59 43.60 43.43 菜籽粕58.66 50.60 60.61酵母67.42 五原料磷消化率表6B 磷消化率原料虹鳟Carp 斑点叉尾鮰大黄鱼白鱼粉60-72 10-26 40 60.3 红鱼粉70-81 13-33 53.2 肉骨粉27.6 豆粕29-54 35.9 花生粕37.5 棉籽粕9.3菜籽粕21.5干酵母91 93米糠19 25玉米25次粉28玉米胚芽58 57植酸钙19 8-38Ca(H2PO4)2 94 94 94CaHPO4 71 46 65Ca2(PO4)3 64 13六无氮浸出物消化率田丽霞等(2002)研究发现草鱼对三种不同淀粉的消化率分别为:小麦淀粉(94.58%)>玉米淀粉(81.88%)>水稻淀粉(73.29%)。