woman女人→women tooth牙→teeth
foot脚；英尺→feet mouse老鼠→mice
criterion标准→criteria medium传播媒介→media
phenomenon现象→phenomena
自主练悟
谨记规律
①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.year→years
一般在名词词尾直接加s。例如：
friend (朋友)→friendsnation (国家)→nations
interest (兴趣)→interests change (变化)→changes
member (成员)→members wing (翅膀)→wings
②(2017·湖南师大附中模拟)The new pilot says it’s never too late to spread yourwings(wing) and try something new.
第1讲 名词和冠词
[特别说明]本讲主要涉及名词的单复数和所有格，有关名词的词性转换将在“第6讲 构词法”中具体讲解。
判定方法
应用体验
提示词为名词时，分析句子成分后若发现词性不需要改变，则一般考查所给名词的复数形式；如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。
①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down severalinvitations(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
单复数同形的名词：例如：
sheep绵羊deer鹿aircraft飞行器Chinese中国人Japanese日本人means手段works工厂series系列
②(2017·石嘴山市模拟)Of the fifteenchildren(child) born to the family, only eight survived.
⑥(2017·成都市模拟)Thedependence(depend) on mobile devices is even having physical and mental effects.
⑦(2017·漳州市八校联考)Chances(chance) are that you will receive three different answers.
tomato番茄→tomatoeszoo动物园→zoos
注意：外来词piano与缩略词photo直接加s。
⑨(2017·四川省龙泉市模拟)They may let you surf the Internet, listen to music and takephotos(photo) wherever you are.
shelf架子→shelvesknife刀子→knives
leaf叶子→leaves housewife家庭主妇→housewives
⑧(2017·江西省重点中学盟校联考)Tomatoes(tomato) and potatoes took some time to become popular.
词尾是以辅音字母＋o结尾，直接加es；以元音字母加o结尾，直接加s。例如：
⑦(2017·宝鸡中学模拟)Young people make their parents angry with their choose in clothes.choose→choices
名词与形容词、名词与动词的错用
1.该用名词却误用形容词：作表语时，与主语构成同位关系一般用名词，形容词一般是对主语的描述。
②(2017·湖南师大附中模拟)This could beMary’s(Mary) motto — the expression that best captures her spirit.
当确定所填词是可数名词时，需要考虑其单复数问题。除了根据上下文语境之外，还可以通过以下信息判断。
1.不定冠词a, an后用名词单数形式。
③(2017·河南省天一大联考)I learned that spies usually hid important letters in an umbrella, in a shoe, or even in a pair of ordinaryglasses(glass)．
④(2017·银川一中二模)But without sunlight and good soil, soon the leaves began to fall down and thebranches(branch) began to dry.
名词数与格的错用
1.可数名词单复数的错用：一般考查错把复数用作单数，偶尔也考查错把单数用作复数。
2.不可数名词单复数的错用：不可数名词没有复数形式。
3.可数名词与不可数名词混淆：有些词既可用作可数名词也可用作不可数名词，应注意具体语境。
4.误把名词的所有格用作普通格：表示“……的”应用所有格形式。
②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the rmations→information
词尾是辅音字母＋y时，变y为ies；词尾是元音字母＋y时，直接加s。例如：
enemy敌人→enemieshobby业余爱好→hobbies
difficulty困难→difficulties toy玩具→toys
key钥匙→keys
⑥(2017·唐山市一模)The 220 pound Qizai has become a superstar, and manytoys(toy) in his color have been made.
⑦(2017·石家庄市一模)On the other hand, if the water is not hot enough, the tealeaves(leaf) won’t open up and you will miss the pleasantly fresh flavor.
词尾是f或fe时，多将f或fe变为ves。例如：
③(2017·湖北省七市联考)Unfolded before me wasaunique image of this water country — the stone bridge and the water flowing, all like fairy tales to me.
不定冠词有两种形式：
(1)当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为辅音音素(注意：不是辅音字母)时用a；
(2)当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为元音音素(注意：不是元音字母)时用an。
④(2017·浙江高考)For Pahlsson, its return wasawonder.
不定冠词a/an放在单数可数名词前，泛指一个人或一个事物。
(一)名词复数的规则变化
自主练悟
谨记规律
①(2017·浙江高考)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of smallcarrots(carrot) and was about to throw them away.
②(2017·吉林大学附中模拟)The day that you enjoy allthesatisfaction of having all thehousework done by a robot might still be a few decades off.
(一)不定冠词a/an的常考点
自主练悟
2.该用名词却误用动词：在冠词、所有格或介词后一后有名词(短语)而且二者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式，那么空格处一般是填冠词。
①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But unlike her school friends, 16 year old Sarah is not spending half term resting.Instead, she is earning￡6,500 aday asamodel in New York.
③(2017·潍坊市复习过关)In the US, for example, more than 14% ofwomen(woman) between 18 and 34 plan to have just one child.
自身有特殊变化的名词：例如：
child孩子→childrenman男人→men
⑤(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.honest→honesty
⑥(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.grow→growth
④(2017·山师大附中模拟)She had severalillnesses(illness) when she was very young, including pneumonia and headache.
⑤(2017·绵阳市模拟)It is one of the world’s most visitedcities(city) in terms of international arrivals and has the world’s largest city airport system.
(二)名词复数的不规则变化
自主练悟
谨记规律
①(2017·长沙市联考)Many enjoy the opportunity to buy presents because gift giving offers a powerfulmeans(means) to build stronger bonds with one’s closest persons.