英语四种基本句式：陈述、疑问、祈使和感叹句 一：肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句 例句：I am a Student. He goes to school.I am not a boy. He does not go to school.Are you a StUdent? Do you / Does She like English ?What time （is it ）,please ? WhiCh is your pen?What day today ?问星期 What date is it today?问日期 含 be/am is are WaS were:ThiS is a book. IS this a book? __ yes, it is / no ,it isnThiS is not a book. What is this ? What this is ?I like En glish. I do n Otlike En glish. Do you like En glish? What do you like?She likes En glish. She does no t like En glish. Does She like En glish. What does She like ?1. some 变为 any 。
如：There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree. 但是，若在表示邀请、请求的句子中，some 可以不变。
如： Would you like some Orange juice? 与此相关的一些不定代词如 SOmethi ng, somebody 等也要进行相应变化。
2. and 变为 or 。
如：I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler.You n eed ntWorry about the job and pay._ You n eed n'tWorry about the job or pay. （Don 'n eed to ）3. a lot of （=lots of ）变为many （修饰可数n ）或much （修饰不可数n ）。
如：They have a lot of friends.（可数名词）→They don't have many friends.There is lots of Orange in the bottle.（不可数名词） →There isrlt much Orange in the bottle.4. already 变为 yet 。
如：I have bee n there already.→ I have n't bee n there yet.I have Sent you the mail already → I haven ' t Sent you the mail yet.二：疑问句questios 分类：一般疑问、特殊疑问、反意疑问、选择疑问A . be/助/情态动词（be Can do have Will 等）+主语+谓语/表语+（其他）,句子要读升调；When 问时间Why 问原因What day 问星期hoW old 问年龄hoW long 问时间 Who 问人 Whose 问主人 What time 问时间 What date 问日期 What place hoW many/much 问数量、价钱 What color Where 问地点 WhiCh 问选择 问颜色 What about 问意见 问具体地点 H OW 问情况 hoW about 问意见 hoW far 问路程 hoW soon 问时间 hoW often 问频率Eg： Are they your friends？ Can you play basketba？ Can you SWim to the other side？ Does he go to school on foo？ Do you like En glish?HaVe you locked the door? Will you be free tonight ? 以上均可用 yes 、no 来回答。
B:陈述句亦可用作一般疑问句，多用在 非正式文体中，句末有问号，用升调；Eg ： Somebody is With you ？ He didn ' t finish the WOrkYOu are fresh from AmeriCa Isuppose?22.一般疑问句的回答：除 yes 、no 夕卜，也可用 Certainly ，PrObabIy ， perhaps ，of course, all right ，With PIeaSUre 等代替 yes,用 never ，not at all 等代替 no ；Eg ： —Ca n you help me? —Certai nly.—Could you PIeaSe make less noise —All right ，sir. —Never.A. 一般结构：系/助/情态动词+not+主语； 也可为：系/助/情态动词+主语+not 。
Eg ： Do you not/Don ' t you believe me? IS it not / ISn ' t it a lovely day?Are you not / Aren ' t you COminW?l you not/Won ' t you Sit down?IS he not / ISn ' t he a doctoιWill he not/Won ' t he go With you?Does Helen not /Doesn ' t Helen like chocc 海伦不喜欢巧克力吗？B.否定疑问句并不单纯表示提问，它常常带有感情色彩；否定疑问句的完全式比简略式所表达的语气 更强烈些；惊异、赞叹或责难等语气；暗示提问者期待着肯定的回答；表示邀请或建议；Eg ： HaVen' t you read the newspaper Won t he come 他不来了啊？Shouldn ' t We Start now WaSr i t it an interesting filmWouldn' t you Iike to go With m? Won t you have a CUP of coffe?44.一般疑问句否定式的回答：否定的一般疑问句的答语中， yes 的含义为 不”，no 的含义为 是”，但在回答这类句子时，应该注意 yes 后接肯定结构，no 后接否定结构，这和汉语习惯不同。
Eg ： —Are you not Mr Smith ? —Yes I am.丕，我是 // —No, I am not.是的,我不是—HaVen' t you read this book before —Yes I have 不，我读过 // —No, I haven 是的，我没有一Don' you play CheSS ) —Yes , I do.不，我下棋 // —No, I don '是:的，我不下棋。
教你一招：I 在这样的答语中，只要根据实际情况来判断，如果事实上是，就用肯定的结构，前面接yes ；如果事实上不是，就用否定结构，前面接 no ；但此时的yes 、no 应翻译成反义的中文。
2. 特殊问句 SPeCiaI questions : Wh-questions 型问句，When. Where. What. Who. Why. Which. Whose.A .特殊疑问词+—般疑问句；即特殊疑问词+be/助/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他).Eg: Who is it on the phone?谁来的电话？ H OW many oran ges Can you See in the PiCtUre—Have you bee nthere? 33.—般疑问句的否定式:Where did you last See i? What did you eat yesterday? How do you usually go to SChOOI) What Can be done about it? WhiCh are yours? What did you say?Who would like to come for a game of football? Why didn ' t you tell meB:特殊疑问句有时可有一个以上的疑问词；Eg: WhiCh PreSe nt did you give to whon? When and Where did you meet?C:特殊疑问句有时须以介词开首；Eg： By WhOm is the book Written ? SinCe When have you lived hereD:疑问词作主语或主语的定语时，与陈述句的语序相同；Eg: Who is in the room?谁在房间里？E: “Why一般疑问句否定式”这种结构一般表示劲告、建议、责备等，而不能归为特殊问句；Eg: Why don' t you come earlier Why not go Skiing?为何不去滑雪呢？A. 疑问代词：who whom whose WhiCh What指认S指人0指所属关系，做定语后接n指人或物，一定范围、没规定范围的Eg： Who is the girl Under the tree？Who is not here？Whom are you Writing to ？Whom do you Want to see？Whose Pen is this？Whose are those shoesWhiCh girls will be in the SPOrtS meeting? WhiCh hat is lily ？ ' SWhat Can you See in the picture? What is in the teacher ' ？ S roomB. 疑问畐H词：Whe n∕where∕ Why /how /how old /how many/much/how ofte n ∕soon∕far∕long问时间地点原因方式年龄多少频率速度距离Eg： When will She return ? Where do you come from ?Why are you late for school? How do you usually go to schoo?How old is Jim ' S little brother How many friends do you have?How far is it from your home to school? How long will you Stay in Beijing?How ofte n do you go to See your gran dpare ntS)H ow soon will you come baCk)33.特殊疑问句的回答：简略/整句回答，不用yes、noEg： Who has borrowed my bike? Jack. // JaCk has borrowed your bike.When did he borrow my bike? ThiS morning . // He borrowed your bike this morning.Where is he? At the office. // He is at the office.What is he doing there? Work ing. // He is worki ng.Whose bike is this? Mr. Smith 7/ s. It ' S Mr. Smith ' S bike.3. 选择疑问句：alternative questions提出两种或两种以上的可能，问对方选择哪一种。