"moon" • f - as the "f" in "food"
• d - as the "d" in "door" • t - as the "t" in "tom" • n - as the "n" in "no" • l - as the "l" in "love"
• g - as the "g" in good" • k - as the "k" in "kill" • h- as the "h" in "high"
• ue - combination of 'u' and 'e', as the vowel in "buena"
• er - combination of 'e' and 'r', as the vowel in "early"
• an - as the vowel in "anchor"
• en - as the word "earn" without the "r" sound
• r- as the "r" in "red"
• ing - as the vowel in "England"
• ong - as 'u' followed by the 'ng' as above
Tones
finals
• b - as the "b" in "book"
• p - as the "p" in "pool" • m - as the "m" in
j- as the "j" in "jeep"
• q- as the "ch" in "cheese"
• x- as the "sh" in "sharp"
• z- as the "z" in "zero" • c- as the "ts" in
"tsunami" • s- as the "s" in "sun"
• After pronoucing "i", just make your lips roundshaped to pronounce "ü", with the tongue position unchanged.
• ai - as the vowel in "bike"
• ei - as the vowel in "lake"
ō óǒ ò
e
After pronouncing "o", naturally open up your mouth and keep the tongue's position unchanged.
ē éě è
When pronoucing "i", the tongue is in the highest position, the mouth is slightly opened and the lips are flat-shaped. Stretch forward your tongue, put it against the back of the lower teeth and open up your lips.
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Initials
a
Open your mouth wide, with your tongue in the middle in a low position; the lips are naturally opened.
ā áǎ à
o
Half-close your mouth with the tongue in a halfhigh position; draw back your tongue and make your lips round-shaped.
• ou - as the vowel in "flow"
• iu - combination of 'i' and 'u', the same as word "yew" in English
• ie - combination of 'i' and 'e', as the vowel in "sierra"
• zh- start with 'j' in "jeep", but then end smoothly with "r" sound.
• ch- start with 'q' in "cheese", but then end smoothly with "r" sound.
• sh - start with 'x' in "sharp", but then end smoothly with "r" sound.
When pronoucing "u", the tongue is in the highest position and the mouth is slightly opened. Make your lips round-shaped, draw back your tongue and make the tongue root approach the soft palate.
• in - as in the word "inn"
• un - as in the word "one":
• ϋn - as "y" in "yellow" followed by the English word "one"
• ang - as the word "long"
• eng - as the vowel in "lung"
• ui - combination of 'u' and 'i', the same as word "we" in English
• ao pronounce as hour • ou pronounce as oh • iu pronounce as you
• ao - as the vowel in "loud"