摘要的模板

在具体写作过程中，为了学生更加清楚摘要与 引言的区别，下面我们给出一个文学研究方向 的类似模板的摘要与引言的写作要点，学生可 参考使用；但要注意论文写作没有固定的模式， 切不可作茧自缚,而且翻译、语言学、文学、 语言与文化、英语教育学等不同的研究课题有 不同的写作特点。


摘要的模板 以A Psychological Analysis of Holden in The Catcher in the Rye为例 第一部分写作家作品简介 第二部分关于该作品你要研究的主题和自己的论点和你的结论： Holden的心理成长过程，包括：1）The Contradiction of Holden’s Personality(性格的矛盾性) 2)Holden’s Quest for and Rebellion against Mainstream Values （追求与背叛） 3) Growth Problem Revealed by Holden（成长烦恼） 。 句型： There are many themes which the author tries to presents. One of the themes Salinger tries to explore is the protagonist Holden’s psychological growth. In the process of Holden’s pursuit of his dream, …. 第三部分 本论文分几部分。句型：The paper is divided into three parts. The first part presents an analysis of …
英语ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้文写作
abstract and key words

Abstract 字数至少在400英文单词左右， 即A4纸大约一页半左右。 写摘要应注意：（其中很多也是以后要讲 解的论文其它部分的语言要求） 1. 在撰写摘要（包括之后的论文主体）时 候尽量要使用一些相对正式的词汇(formal words)。更要避免使用非正式的口语化 (informal and colloquial words)的词汇， 甚至如wanna, gonna, ain’t等俚语。下面 举一些普通词汇和与之对应的正式词汇， 学生可以比较参考适当使用。

To search for her identity and freedom, she paves her way to rebellion. The third part of this paper tries to reveal Hagar’s self-reflection about the harmonious human relationship. Hagar escapes for three times. The first time of her rebellion is to rise against her father and marry Bram, a peasant who her father looks down upon and the second time is to revolt against her husband Bram for his clumsiness and mediocrity. And the last time of her escape is to avoid to be sent to the nursing home by her son and daughter-in-law. It can be analyzed that Hagar at last finds out what she longs for, that is, freedom, liberation for women and harmonious relationship after she breaks the barriers of her inner conflicts, confusion and struggles, and she is no longer the stone angel at the end of the novel. （自己的观点以及结论）


再简单点说，摘要的第一部分即开头是你的 论文中引言的缩写，主要说明你要论述的现 象、问题等；摘要的中间部分是你的论文中 间部分即1,2,3那部分的缩写，主要论述现 象的原因、问题的解决办法并给出论据等； 摘要的最后部分即结尾是你的论文中结论的 缩写，给出通过论证得出的结论。 当然，摘要中语言要尽量避免与论文中的语 言重复。


3. 摘要是论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述， 所以不能出现引用参考文献的地方，如不能出现 标记[2]；也不能出现图表、数学表达式等。 4. 摘要中可以出现介绍自己论文构成的内容，如 This thesis can be divided into three parts. In the first part, it analyzes the contradiction of Holden’s character. ….. In the second part, it demonstrates that how Holden hates the money-oriented society full of disguise, vanity and hypocrite, and he tries to escape but fails the rebellion because the strength is way too weak on his own . …. In the third part,….。这种介绍就不要在引言中写了。

摘要就是你的整体论文的微型版，是一篇完 整的文章，它包括你的论文所要研究的课题 的相关背景(relevant background)、研究 目的(the purpose and significance of the study)、自己的观点(your own point of view)、论证自己观点的论证过程(evidence and process of argumentation )以及结论 (conclusion)等。它就是你整篇论文的缩写， 像英语专业八级作文一样包括开头、中间和 结尾，自成一体。


Abstract Margaret Laurence is known as one of the most prominent female writers of Canada and her main works are composed of two parts, the African series and Manawaka series with both of them written in the 1960s and 1970s. Manawaka series have won international reputation for her and this series comprise of four novels and a collection of short stories including The Stone Angel (1964), A Jest of God (1966), The fire Dweller (1970), The Diviner (1974) and A Bird in the House (1970). Each of these works have created a typical female character, which is brave, tenacious, and fighting for their own independence although they suffer enough. （相关背景）



Common words (verb): stop, begin, show, get, keep, say no, live Formal words (verb): cease, commence, demonstrate, obtain, preserve, reject, reside 2. 由于学位论文属于学术性论文，撰写语言要体 现客观性(objectivity)，不能显现过多的主观性 (subjectivity)，所以we, I, you, our, my, in my opinion, as far as I am concerned等一些主观性 较强、带有个人情感的词语一般情况下不要用， 以体现论文的客观性。（这一点也适用于整篇论 文其它各个部分如摘要、引言、论文中间、结论 等的语言要求）


5. 中英摘要在思想内容上一定是相同的， 两个摘要不能出现不同的内容。 例如一篇论文题目为The Pilgrimage to Harmonious Human Relationship — On Hagar’s Tragedy in Laurence’s The Stone Angel的英文摘要：

The Stone Angel has created an image of unyielding female, who is just like a stone, strong and firm, struggling for future for her lifetime under adverse circumstances. This paper is divided into there parts. The first part gives an introduction to the author Margaret Laurence and her novel The Stone Angel. When it comes to expound the tragedy and awakening of Hagar in The Stone Angel, it is divided into another two parts, and thus the second part of this paper analyses the distorted characters of Hagar and the reasons for that, which mainly focuses on the pride and rebellion of Hagar and the traditional and realistic reasons for the forming of her characters. Hagar builds herself a wall to cut off her self from the outside world because of her pride and destroys the happiness which she could own.