MCS-51 指令（1）数据传送类指令（ 7 种助记符）助记符英文注释功能SFR 的数据进行传送MOV Move 对内部数据寄存器 RAM 和特殊功能寄存器 MOVC Move Code 读取程序存储器数据表格的数据传送MOVX Move External RAM 对外部 RAM 的数据传送XCH Exchange 字节交换XCHD Exchange low-order Digit 低半字节交换 PUSH Push onto Stack）入栈POP Pop from Stack）出栈（2）算术运算类指令（ 8 种助记符）ADD Addition 加法ADDC Add with Carry 带进位加法SUBB Subtract with Borrow 带借位减法 DA Decimal Adjust 十进制调整 INC Increment 加 1 DEC Decrement 减 1 MUL Multiplication 、 Multiply 乘法DIV Division 、 Divide 除法（3）逻辑运算类指令（ 10 种助记符） ANL And Logic 逻辑与 ORL OR Logic 逻辑或XRL Exclusive-OR Logic 逻辑异或CLR Clear 清零CPL Complement 取反 RL Rotate left 循环左移RLC Rotate Left throught the Carry flag 带进位循环左移RR Rotate Right 循环右移RRC Rotate Right throught the Carry flag 带进位循环右移 SWAP Swap 低 4 位与高 4 位交换（4）控制转移类指令（ 17 种助记符）ACALL Absolute subroutine Call 子程序绝对调用 LCALL Long subroutine Call 子程序长调用RET Return from subroutine 子程序返回 RETI Return from Interruption 中断返回JMP Jump IndirectSJMP Short Jump 短转移 AJMP Absolute Jump 绝对转移 LJMP Long Jump 长转移CJNE Compare and Jump if Not Equal 比较不相等则转移DJNZ Decreme nt and Jump if Not Zero 减1后不为0则转移 JZ Jump if Zero 结果为0则转移JNZ Jump if Not Zero 结果不为0则转移 JC Jump if the Carry flag is set 有进位则转移JNC Jump if Not Carry 无进位则转移JB Jump if the Bit is set) B 位为1则转移JNB Jump if the Bit is Not set B 位为 0 则转移JBC Jump if the Bit is set and Clear the bit 位为1则转移，并清除该位NOP No Operation 空操作(5) 位操作指令( 1 种助记符)SETB Set Bit 置位伪指令助记符 英文注释 功能ORG OriginDB Define ByteDW Define WordEQU EqualDATA DataXDATA External DataBIT BitEND End51 外部引脚 缩写 英文解释 中文解释RST (9) Reset 复位信号引脚Receive Data 串口接收端 Transmit Data 串口发送端12--P3.2)Interrupt0 外部中断 0 信号输入引脚 13- -P3.3)Interrupt1 外部中断 1 信号输入引脚 Timer0 定时/计数器 0 输入信号引脚 Timer1 定时 /计数器 1 输入信号引脚 WR( ——— ) (16--P3.6) write 写信号引脚 RD( ——— )(17--P3.7) read 读信号引脚 PSEN(————— ) ( 29)progammer saving enable 外部程序存储器读选通信号 ALE (30) Address Latch Enable 地址锁存允许信号EA( ---- )(31) enable 外部ROM 选择信号 51 内部寄存器SFR special funtion register 特殊功能寄存器 ACC accumulate 累加器 APSW progammer status word 程序状态字CY (PSW.7) carry 进位标志位AC (PSW.6) assistant carry 辅助进位标志位OV (PSW.2) overflow 溢出标志位PC progammer counter 程序计数器DPTR data point register 数据指针寄存器RxD(10--P3.0) TxD (11--P3.1) INT0( ———— ) INT1( ———— )T0(14--P3.4) T1(15--P3.5)SP stack point 堆栈指针TCON timer control 定时器控制寄存器TF1 ( TCON.7 ) Timer1 flag T1 中断标志位TR1 (TCON.6 ) Timer1 Run T1 运行控制位TF0 ( TCON.5 ) Timer0 flag T0 中断标志位TR0 (TCON.4 ) Timer0 Run T0 运行控制位IE1 (TCON.3 ) Interrupt1 exterior 外部中断 1 中断标志位IT1 ( TCON.2 ) Interrupt1 touch 外部中断 1 触发方式选择位IE0 (TCON.1 ) Interrupt0 exterior 外部中断 0 中断标志位IT0 (TCON.0 ) Interrupt0 touch 0-电平触发 1-下降沿触发IE ( A8H ) interrupt enable 中断允许寄存器EA (IE.7) enable all interrupt 中断总允许位ES (IE.4) enable serial 串行口中断允许位ET1 ( IE.3 ) enable timer 1 T1 中断允许位EX1 ( IE.2) enable exterior1 外部中断 1 中断允许位ET0 ( IE.1 ) enable timer 0 T0 中断允许位EX0 ( IE.0) enable exterior0 外部中断 0 中断允许位IP ( B8H ) interrupt priority 中断优先级寄存器PS (IP.4) priority serial 串口优先级标志位PT1 (IP.3) priority timer 1 定时器 1 优先级标志位PX1 (IP.2) priorityexterior 1 外部中断 1 优先级标志位PT0 (IP.1) priority timer 0 定时器 0 优先级标志位PX0 (IP.0) priorityexterior 0 外部中断 0 优先级标志位PCON (87H) power control 电源控制和波特率选择TMOD (89H) timer mode 定时器方式控制寄存器MSB = most significant bit// 最高有效位LSB = last significant bit// 最低有效位OE = output enable // 输出使能AC(alternating current) 交流 (电) tnHh F ( qA ／D(analog to digital) 模拟／数字转换"6o T BADC(analog to digital convertor) 模拟／数字转换器GCu[- Z8NDNADM(adaptive delta modulation) 自适应增量调制lO- 6 kCADPCM(adaptive differential pulse code modulation) 自适应差分脉冲编码调制ALU(arithmetic logic unit) 算术逻辑单元dgjd,ikASCII(American standard code for information )F y *&-interchange) 美国信息交换标准码jk8y :J M(AV(audio visual) 声视，视听c-, ( ,$t kBCD(b in ary coded decimal)二进制编码的十进制数…BCR(bi-directional controlled rectifier) 双向晶闸管ZPoLm__ BBCR(buffer courtier reset) 缓冲计数器l@! <& |BZ(buzzer) 蜂鸣器，蜂音器ZB8 nd c+C(capacitance，capacitor) 电容量，电容器9 |0 :~'UyCATV(cable television)电缆电视？CCD(charge-coupled device) 电荷耦合器件 d AU- sD CCTV(closed-circuit television) 闭路电视.3 {qmj&Y I CMOS(complementary) 互补 MOS jd "1 SQCPU(central processing unit)** 处理单元-CS(control signal) 控制信号jf 7=t,: -wD(diode) 二极管? wj ? -/DAST(direct analog store technology) 直接模拟存储技术xp e- i&>,!DC(direct current) 直流;v<Leet 'qDIP(dual in-line package) 双列直插封装- I S%E_ -DP(dial pulse) 拨号脉冲Z y6#!i#yDRAM(dynamic random access memory) 动态随机存储器4;%[{t* s DTL(diode-transistor logic) 二极管晶体管逻辑#A0aq -&IxDUT(device under test) 被测器件bi Q>D DVM(digital voltmeter) 数字电压表… ECG(electrocardiograph) 心电图9y EjG }F!ECL(emitter coupled logic) 射极耦合逻辑&6 / uChD lEDI(electronic data interchange) 电子数据交换@! ?hC&f1 EIA(Electronic Industries Association) 电子工业联合会iS~o 6 ,d EOC(end of conversion) 转换结束B] #& Y ; ]EPROM(erasable programmable read only memory) 可擦可编程只读存储器 EEPROM(electrically EPROM) 电可擦可编程只读存储器-X #5O[ESD(electro-static discharge) 静电放电RW~fIv,/ -FET(field-effect transistor) 场效应晶体管P$ P0D cFS(full scale) 满量程NF. PV-3*e6F／V(frequency to voltage convertor) 频率／电压转换 FM(frequency modulation) 调频CBRbc5+TrFSK(frequency shift keying) 频移键控FSM(field strength meter) 场强计"sZw* W S &Q FST(fast switching shyster) 快速晶闸管7 %wlX S >eFT(fixed time) 固定时间ey -xkRFU(fuse unit) 保险丝装置b$Oo 1} zFWD(forward) 正向的GAL(generic array logic)通用阵列逻辑-GND(ground)接地，地线• ％GTO(Sate turn off thruster) 门极可关断晶体管sR:-Yi*jW\HART(highway addressable remote transducer) 可寻址远程传感器数据公路 HCMOS(high density COMS)高密度互补金属氧化物半导体(器件)… HF(high frequency) 高频bh~ -MHaa kHTL(high threshold logic) 高阈值逻辑电路\y =JHTS(heat temperature sensor)热温度传感器- IC(integrated circuit) 集成电路x h .ID(international data) 国际数据 IGBT(insulated gate bipolar transistor) 绝缘栅双极型晶体管LM ] VH %M IGFET(insulated gate field effect transistor)绝缘栅场效应晶体管-I/O(input/output)输入/输岀-I /V(current to voltage convertor)电流-电压变换器「一IPM(incidental phase modulation) 附带的相位调制L uEF IPM(intelligent power module) 智能功率模块%<$ %YsC]' IR(infrared radiation) 红外辐射{Ns Z gZ7 IRQ(interrupt request)中断请求-JFET(junction field effect transistor)结型场效应晶体管•LAS(light activated switch) 光敏开关"?qn tq7LASCS(light activated silico n con trolled switch) 光控可控硅开关•> LCD(liquid crystal display) 液晶显示器Mh=3 "V ]A1LDR(light dependent resistor) 光敏电阻(t %.(VLED(light emitting diode) 发光二极管<Y[3C:; (LRC(longitudinal redundancy check) 纵向冗余 (码)校验--D [2u C|:LSB(least significant bit)最低有效位LSI(1arge scale integration) 大规模集成电路X*t@ [v'#M(motor) 电动机MCT(MOS controlled gyrator) 场控晶闸管& p @ }gaMIC(microphone) 话筒，微音器，麦克风3=n&)([ Nqmin(minute)分•MOS(metal oxide semiconductor)金属氧化物半导体-MOSFET(metal oxide semiconductor FET) 金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管 N(negative)负NMOS(N-channel metal oxide semiconductor FET) N 沟道MOSFET \ oVPVN-B NTC(negative temperature coefficient) 负温度系数X C/W/9OC(over current) 过电流OCB(overload circuit breaker) 过载断路器OCS(optical communication system) 光通讯系统} VR oN <hOR(type of logic circuit) 或逻辑电路Cm N~ rr LOV(over voltage) 过电压kzVu4a,]P(pressure) 压力FAM(pulse amplitude modulation) 脉冲幅度调制9Vtm6l $;v zPC(pulse code) 脉冲码QR%) 7D4HPCM(pulse code modulation)脉冲编码调制-PDM(pulse duration modulation) 脉冲宽度调制- * | @ :HPF(power factor) 功率因数Y[ 7oA8 67 EPFM(pulse frequency modulation) 脉冲频率调制NR Y n +PG(pulse gen erator)脉冲发生器-PGM(programmable) 编程信号J l@i A-sPI(proportional-integral(controller)) 比例积分(控制器)…PID(proportional-integral-differential(controller)) 比例积分微分 ( 控制器 ) PIN(positiveintrinsic-negative) 光电二极管%A >M:S )/ 2PIO(parallel input output) 并行输入输岀 5 s3J<{j]p PLD(phase-locked detector) 同相检波O :sgpYn -PLD(phase-locked discriminator) 锁相解调器1J ( >I [PLL(phase-locked loop) 锁相环路{A+dFw F iYnPMOS(P-channel metal oxide semiconductor FET) P 沟道 MOSFET P-P(peak-to-peak) 峰-- 峰+:@$ z] ,dPPM(pulse phase modulation) 脉冲相位洲制[ dw F$Y PRD(piezoelectric radiation detector) 热电辐射控测器BaEX !w PROM(programmable read only memory) 可编只读程存储器 PRT(platinum resistance thermometer) 铂电阻温度计PRT(pulse recurrent time)脉冲周期时间-PUT(programmable unijunction transistor) 可编程单结晶体管EbiCt PWM(pulse width modulation) 脉宽调制/QlZ %|XR(resistance，resistor) 电阻，电阻器JN/ CvmWRRAM(random access memory) 随机存储器/Ml( P4~i NRCT(reverse conducting thyristor) 逆导晶闸管hO xoraREF(reference) 参考，基准J / LIG ZFoREV(reverse)反转R/F(radio frequency) 射频jnl (X 9-rh RGB(red／green／blue) 红绿蓝w"aGP _w ROM(read only memory) 只读存储器f z - Eh( N RP(resistance potentiometer) 电位器gyKs /_ 3 RST(reset) 复位信号b5b *C{eqJRT(resistor with in here nt variability depe ndent) 热敏电阻一 RTD(resistance temperature detector) 电阻温度传感器6]r, \5 RTL(resistor transistor logic) 电阻晶体管逻辑(电路) 6TW 2 s$0+ RV(resistor with inherent variability dependent on the a 8?# voltage) 压敏电阻器,] x<5#Z SA( switching assembly) 开关组件SBS(silicon bi-directional switch) 硅双向开关，双向硅开关c6 c[ sYU!SCR(silicon controlled rectifier) 可控硅整流器w-.{ S 7i ESCS(safety control switch) 安全控制开关|GhWf: (SCS(silicon controlled switch) 可控硅开关#e&/ yDYpYSCS(speed control system) 速度控制系统}ed /N-=SCS(supply control system) 电源控制系统S 5 2} JoRSG(spark gap) 放电器XM- dAVm. 8SIT(static in duction tran sformer)静电感应晶体管-SITH(static induction thyristor) 静电感应晶闸管s J B .]SP(shift pulse) 移位脉冲w S nT] ]#ASPI(serial peripheral interface) 串行外围接口 B o&+@ ]SR(sample realy，saturable reactor) 取样继电器，饱和电抗器p -V7 )"nSR(silicon rectifier) 硅整流器 E " 6K}SRAM(static random access memory) 静态随机存储器TADw@ cX SSR(solid-state relay)固体继电器-SSR(switching select repeater) 中断器开关选择器"X?,MWn / SSS(silicon symmetrical switch) 硅对称开关，双向可控硅- ?1 bPnru SSW(synchro-switch) 同步开关=cMw M@Z~zST(start)启动…ST(starter)启动器• •STB(strobe)闸门，选通脉冲-T(transistor)晶体管，晶闸管…TACH(tachometer)转速计，转速表TP(temperature probe)温度传感器-TRIAC(triodes AC switch)三极管交流开关TTL(transistor-transistor logic)晶体管一晶体管逻辑TV(televisi on)电视•UART(universal asynchronous receiver transmitter) 通用异步收发器•••VCO(voltage con trolled oscillator)压控振荡器 -VD(video decoders)视频译码器-VDR(voltage dependent resistor)压敏电阻VF(video frequency)视频*V/ F(voltage-to-frequency)电压/频率转换V/ I(voltage to current convertor)电压-电流变换器■?VM(voltmeter)电压表-VS(vacuum switch)电子开关•VT(visual telephone)电视电话-VT(video terminal)视频终端51系列单片机的中斷系统如圏组2所示口它由屮断源、中断标志位、中斷控制位、W 件査询机构组成口其中*中斷源、个.叩外部中断0(而定时器/计数器中斷Q(T/C0)> 外部中斷1(而h定时器小数掘中断1CT/C1).串行口中BKTXD. RXD)；外部中斷触发方戌控制位2个，CPITO. IT1,中断标志位6个，即IEO、TFO. IE1, TF1, TI、RJ：'I' 斷控制总开关位1个,叩EA*中断控制分开关隹5个,HP EXO. ETO、EXL ETE ES：中斷控制忧先级位5个* UIJ PXO. PTO. PX1. PTK PS.T J CI. KJXi 1T9-1蓦堰#前上口图4.2 51系列单片机的中断系统TF3沮％•:TA总线：指能为多个部件服务的信息传送线，在微机系统中各个部件通过总线相互通信。