成人英语三级培训：/kcnet1810/
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� Tom is a handsome boy. The two boys are students. � His boy needs Tom's pen. The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours. � The boy needs a ball pen. The best boy here is Tom. � There is nothing to do today. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. � This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday. 7、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让 步、方向、程度、目的等。 � 1) She sings quite well. � 2) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. � 3) He sits there, asking for a pen. � 4) The boy needs a pen to do his homework. � 5) If I have some spare time, I will read some story-books. 8、同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。 如： � We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’） � We all are students. / (all 是 we 的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’） 二、词法分析 （一）构词法 1.转化法: 把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法，学位英语最常考的是形容词转化为名 词。表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词:You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼 中该穿黑色衣服。 I want to write in red.我想用红笔写字。 某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语 时，谓语用复数 The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。 2.派生法 1)前缀 除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义 的变化。 (1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等，在单词的前面加这类 前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如： appear出现→disappear消失，correct正确的→incorrect不正确的，lead带领→mislead领错、误 导，stop停下→non-stop不停。 (2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对；抵抗), auto- (自动), co(共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再；又), sub- (下面的；次；小), tele- (强调距离)等。例如： alone单独的 antigas防毒气的 autochart自动图表 cooperate合作 enjoy使高兴 internet互联网 reuse再用 subway地铁 telephone电话 2)后缀 英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词， 也可加后缀构成新词。 后缀通常会改变单词的词性， 构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。 (1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人)，-ess (雌性)，-ful (一……)，-ian (精通……的人)，-ist (专业人员)，-ment (性质；状态)，-ness (性质；状态)，
成人英语三级培训：/k说明的人或物,可以作主语的成分有名词，主语一般在句首。注意名词单 数形式常和冠词不分家！ � 1) Mr. Lee is a well-known scientist.名词作主语 � 2) He reads newspapers everyday.代词作主语 � 3) Two and ten is twelve.数词作主语 � 4) Smoking is harmful to the health.动名词作主语 � 5) To swim in that pool is a great pleasure.动词不定式作主语 � 6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.从句作主语 2、谓语: 说明主语的动作，状态或特征 � 1) The new term begins on the 1st of September. � 2) His father is an engineer. � 3) She seemed happy. � 4) Li Hua showed me his album. 3、宾语:指的是及物动词涉及到的人或物 � 1) Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus. � 2) The medicine is good for a cold. � 3) How many pieces do you want? � 4) My little sister always likes to ask questions. � 5) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? � 6) He asked me what I was going to do tonight 4、宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征。 � 1) The government appointed（任命）her chief delegate （首席代表）to the conference. � 2) I don’t believe the story true. � 3) You should put your things in order（有序）. � 4) The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week. � 5) We saw the pupils playing basketball. 5、表语：位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。 � 1)Wang’s father is a doctor. � 2) He is always careless. � 3) The basketball match is on. � 4) All the pupils are on the playground now. � 5) Our aim is to win more medals. � 6) His work is teaching French. � 7) The question is who can really repair the machines. 还有位于以下系动词后面的词，我们也称之为表语： 表示感官的：look\seem(看起来) 、sound（听起来）、smell（闻起来）、taste（尝起来） 、 feel（感觉起来）： He looks disappointed(形容词作表语)他看起来很失望。 The rubbish smells terrible.垃圾很难闻。 表示变化的：get、become、turn(变得)。It becomes hotter and hotter（形容词作表语）. 天 变得越来越热了。 6、定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，翻译常用‘……的’表示。
成人英语三级培训：/kcnet1810/
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2013年成人英语三级考试语法汇总大全
一、句法分析..........................................................................................................................2 二、词法分析..........................................................................................................................3 三、时 态...............................................................................................................................9 四、被动语态........................................................................................................................12 五、情态动词........................................................................................................................13 六、不定式............................................................................................................................15 七、定语从句........................................................................................................................18 八、主语从句........................................................................................................................23 九、表语从句........................................................................................................................24 十、宾语从句........................................................................................................................24 十一、同位语从句................................................................................................................25 十二、状语从句....................................................................................................................26 十三、虚拟语气....................................................................................................................29 十四、动名词........................................................................................................................32 十五、现在分词....................................................................................................................32 十六、过去分词....................................................................................................................36 十七、独立主格结构............................................................................................................38 十八、倒装句型....................................................................................................................39 十九、强调句型....................................................................................................................40 二十、主谓一致....................................................................................................................41 二十一、It的用法.................................................................................................................43