Academic Module WritingStructure of Argumentation议论文的基本框架和基本写作策略(250 words) Introduction : 3—5 sentences, about 40 wordsGeneral statement about topicWriter’s positionWhat the writer is going to sayBody: 10 sentences, about 180 wordsFirst point in first paragraphTopic sentence + supportSecond point in second paragraphTopic sentence + supportConclusion: 2-3 sentences, about 30wordsSummaryConclusionRecommendation (if asked for advice, suggestion)首段基本写作策略议论文的首段必须包括两个要素，一是背景介绍，二是写作意图，但是这两点都不应有任何拓展，否则就会把应当在主体段落出现的内容在首段都讲完，造成主体段落无话可讲。
首段从以下三个方面进行写作：1. 场景或背景信息（setting、background information）事实上就是把题目所提供的背景用自己的话再描述一遍。
2. 说明写作意图（statement of purpose）, 为下文做铺垫，所谓写作意图就是指观点，应当争取用一句话把观点说清楚。
作为整个文章的重心，写作意图应当是首段的最后一句话，这样可以同时给阅卷的考官一种期待，一读完这句话就可以知道接下来的主体段落会讲什么。
3. 对主要观点进行总结概括（summary of main points）, 一般来说作文包括第一和第二点就可以了，第三点考生视情况而定。
范文：One of the most challenging problems of today’s society is the question who should be responsible for our old people. It’s not only a financial problem but also a question of the system we want our society to have. In my essay I would like to talk about four different models.这一文章首段共有三句话，第一句话为下文设置背景信息：老年问题是当今社会最具争议的问题之一；第二句话进一步设置场景：这不仅是一个经济问题，而且还是我们的社会应该拥有的体制问题；第三句话表明意图：在我的文章中我将谈谈四个不同的模式。
主体段落基本写作错略应该在主体段落中详细阐述分支观点。
按照首段的写作策略，文章的重心应是首段的最后一句，而主体段落中每段主题句都应当放到第一句。
主题句后面的句子则是为主题句服务的。
主体段落两段或三段比较理想，每一个分支观点后都应有话可说，可以是对主题句的解释，也可以是例证，也可以提供理由或细节。
分支观点的选择要学会取舍，观点很精彩但是本身的英语水平无法表达就应该及时放弃，因为考察的主要是你的英语水平。
同一个段落中不要出现两个观点。
文章各个部分之间的衔接手段非常重要。
想要文章有层次感，衔接手段是必不可少的。
结尾段基本写作错略结尾段在不同的题型中写法不一。
经典议论文赏析：It is inevitable that as technology develops so traditional cultures must be lost. Technology and tradition are incompatible you cannot have both together.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?It is a fact of life that the development of science and technology has been accompanied by a decline in traditional culture. In my opinion, this is not necessarily a bad thing, because some aspects of traditional culture hamper progress and should be abandoned. Moreover, it is natural that people should want to find new ways of doing things.In the first place, science and technology have cleared up many matters that were mysterious to us in the past. For instance, we now know that thunder and lightning are not caused by gods being angry, but are normal natural phenomena. As a result, a large number of harmful superstitions have disappeared.In the second place, our everyday lives have been made more convenient by scientific and technological inventions. Nowadays electric lights have replaced the traditional oil lamps, and computers enable us to make quicker and more accurate calculations. Even more important is the fact that television brings the family together in the evening.In the third place, science and technology actually help to preserve the useful and pleasant parts of traditional culture. Take the celebration of the Chinese Lantern Festival for example. Lanterns are now designed with modern technology and materials to make them more attractive, and they are powered by electricity, which is safer than candles.Therefore, I welcome the development of science and technology. Advances in science and technology have brought us many benefits. At the same time, they have eliminated the bad parts of traditional culture while preserving the good parts.议论文分类1.Discuss 讨论类这类文章的写作任务是要求考生对某一观点进行讨论，其标志性语言就是discuss 这个词写作策略：Discuss 类的议论文有两种常用写法，一种是两方面的，就是对题目提供的观点从相对的两个方面进行阐述，一种是一边倒的写法，明确表明赞同哪一方，并对其进行论证。
例一：一边倒的写法The dominance of black people in US sport is due to sociological rather than physiological factors. Discuss.Since World War II popular American sports such as Baseball, Basketball and Field and Track have seen the qualitative and quantitative dominance of black athletes. The purpose of this essay is to examine the relative importance of the sociological and physiological factors which have contributed to this phenomenon. It will be argued that, despite some evidence of physiological differences, the factors which determine blackpre-eminence (杰出) in sport are primarily sociological.构思：根据题目设置的背景及写作指令可以选择一边倒的写法。
题目所设置的场景已经明确提出观点：黑人在体育中占主导地位的主要因素是社会因素，而非生理因素。
文章在首段进行情景介绍，说明二战后美国黑人运动员已在主要的体育活动中占据主导地位，并说明写作目的：虽然生理因素起了一定的作用，但更重要的是社会因素导致了这一结果。
主体段落可以将社会因素中包含的分支观点展开来写，每段阐述一个分支观点。
结尾段便可自然的得出结论：尽管有证据表明生理因素对于某些美国体育项目中黑人占主导地位的现象有一定作用，但是社会因素更有影响力。
例二从两个方面进行讨论The benefits of computers to modern society far outweigh the disadvantages. Discuss.这篇文章可以从计算机的两个方面写起，主体段落中一段写计算机的优点，另一段写计算机的缺点，结尾段表明自己的观点即可。