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英语数词讲解及练习

初二上第二单元数词用法讲解与练习英语中的数词包括基数词和序数词两大类,它们的用法非常复杂,为了便于同学们系统地复习数词,现就初中阶段数词的主要内容作以下归纳。

基数词序数词基数词序数词基数词序数词one first thirteen thirteenth thirty thirtiethtwo second fourteen fourteenth forty fortieththree third fifteen fifteenth fifty fiftiethfour fourth sixteen sixteenth sixty sixtiethfive fifth seventeen seventeenth seventy seventiethsix sixth eighteen eighteenth eighty eightiethseven seventh nineteen nineteenth ninety ninetietheight eighth twenty twentieth One hundred One hundredthnine ninth twenty-one twenty-first One hundred and one One hundred and firstten tenth twenty-two twenty-second One hundred andthirty-five One hundred and thirty-fiftheleven eleventh twenty-three twenty-third thousand thousandthtwelve twelfth twenty-four twenty-fourth million millionth一、基本构成(一)基数词——从1数到n1. 1—12的基数词是独立的单词,即:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve。

2. 13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。

如:fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18较特殊,13—thirteen 15—fifteen 18—eighteen。

3. 20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。

如:sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80较特殊,20—twenty,30—thirty,40—forty ,50—fifty ,80—eighty。

4. 十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”,如:28—twenty-eight,96—ninety-six。

5. 百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and,如:148—one hundred and forty-eight ,406—four hundred and six。

6. hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的数词,也不能在它们的后面加s。

如:600—six hundred,8百万—eight million。

但是与“of”,和不确定的数,如some等连用时要加“s”。

7. 1000以上的数字,从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“,”第一个逗号前为千(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。

英语中无“万”这个词,我们可以用“几十个千(th ousand)”表示几万,“几百个千(thousand)”表示“几十万”。

如:2,510=two thousand five hundred andten;84,296=eighty-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six;274,350=two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty。

8. hundred,thousand,million用复数形式修饰名词时要用“of+复数名词”,如:数以百计的年轻人hundreds of young people;数以千计的书thousands of books。

注意:hundreds of /thousands of/millions of +复数名词,其前面不能加具体的数词,但可加several或many。

Hundreds of new buildings have sprung up here this year.Thousands upon thousands of people in south africa are rising against their oppressors.Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the city every day.Millions of dollars have gone into the building of this factory.(二)序数词——由基数词转变而来,表示“这是第n个”1.口诀巧记基数词变序数词:“一、二、三,特殊记,八去“t”,九去“e”,“ve”要用“f”替,见“y”变成“i”和“e”,词尾加上“th”,若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。

”第一、第二、第三分别:first,second,third,eight—eighth nine—ninth,five—fifth,twelve—twelfth,twenty—twentieth,forty—fortieth,twenty-five—twenty-fifth。

2其余情况均在基数词后加th。

如:six—sixth, nineteen—nineteenth , hundred— hundredth, thousand—thousandth等。

3.序数词有时用缩写形式:first----1st, twenty—second-------22th.二、基本用法(一)基数词的基本用法1.定语fifty thousand London Dockers are out on strike.2.主语数词作主语,谓语动词用单数。

如:two months is quite a long time.five is an odd number.3.宾语或介词宾语how many do you want? -----eight, please. the city has a population of four million.4.表语we are altogether fourteen.five plus seven is twelve.5.同位语What work are you to assign us three? Is there room for us two?6. 基数词+单数名词+形容词构成合成形容词。

如:一个五岁的男孩a five-year-old boy;一座800米长的桥an 800-metre-long bridge;女子400米接力girls' 400-metre relay race。

7. 句型:主语+is +about(大约)/over =more than(超过)/nearly(接近)+具体数词+metre(s)/kilometer(s)/kilo(s)long /high /tall /deep /away等。

如:长江长6300公里。

the changjiang river is 6,300 kilometers long.8.表示“in+one’s +数词的复数形式”可以用来表示人的岁数:in one’s twenties, 在某人二十多岁,in one’s sixties 在某人六十多岁时等。

①he is in his early thirties. ②he died still in his forties.“in+数词的复数形式”表示年代,如:this took place in the 1930s.(二)序数词的基本用法1.序数词主要用作定语,前面一般要加定冠词(或物主代词):1)tom is their second son.2)they celebrated the 10th anniversary of the founding of the republic.3)I will never give up, not even on the 1,000th or 10,000th try.2.有时前面可以加一个不定冠词a,an来表示“再一”,“又一”这样的意思:1) We’ll have to do it a second time.2) Shall i ask him a third time?3)When I sat down, a fourth man rose to speak.3. first,second 等有时可用来表示“第一个人(批)”“第二个人”等:1) She was among the first to come and settle in Guangzhou2)You will be the second to speak.4.如果数字较长,序数词总避免使用,而且读的方法也常常简化:第201房间:room 201第319面:page 319第一拖拉机厂:the number 1 tractor works 第六号车厢:carriage no.6南京路1490号:1490 Nanjing road电话号码55――2347:telephone number : 55—23475. 在谈编了号的东西时,我们可以用基数词表示顺序:the first part------part onethe third squad------squad threethe twenty-third section----section twenty-three三、特殊数字的表示法(一)年月日表示法1. 年代年代前用in.( in ) 897 读作( in ) eight hundred and ninety-seven( in ) 1961 读作( in ) nineteen sixty-one (或in nineteen hundred and sixty-one)( in ) 1905 读作(in ) nineteen and five( in ) 1800 读作( in ) eighteen hundred2.月份月份开头第一个字母须大写,表示“在某月”时,月份前面用in。

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