• 3. The bus_h_a_d__le_f_t__ (leave) by the time I got there.
• 4. By the time he_w_a_s__(be) 14, his grandfather had been
away.
had talked
• 5.It was the first time that he___c_a_ll_e_d__(talk) with foreigners.
till / until
1. 主句的谓语动词如果是延续性的应该用肯定式，意 为“一直到…”
2. 主句的谓语动词如果是瞬间性的应该用否定式，意 为“直到…才…”
1. I waited till/until 9 o’ clock. 2. The little boy cried till/until his father appeared. 3. I didn’t go to bed till/until 9 o’ clock. 4. Tom didn’t finish his homework till/until 9 o’ clock.
过去完成时标志词
before, after, when, by, hardly…when(刚要...就…) no sooner… than • by +过去：by the end of +last year, by the end of last term, by the time you arrived
It wasn’t until 11 o’ clock that he rned home.
before/since
当before放于主句之后，有时候会意为“就，才”
The man almost knocked me down before he saw me.
才
He rushed out of the room before I could say a word.
9:15
勇于开始，9才:3能5找到成
功的路
present
be on
arrive
Then I went to see the film with empty stomach.When I __a_r_r_iv_e_d____at the cinema, the film _h_a_d__b_e_en____(be)on for 20 minutes.
过去完成时表虚拟
• 过去完成时还可以表示对过去的虚拟，表示 未能实现的希望、愿望等, 常用的词有expect, hope, mean, suppose, think 等。
我本来想周末做完作业的，结果我朋友过生日。 I had wanted to finish my homework, but my friends had a birthday party.
When/While/As
When
when 意为‘这时’(at this time)或‘那时’(at that time) 时，常 用于下列句型：
Somebody was doing something when…… 某人正在做 ……突然 …… Somebody was about to do something when……. 某人正要做 ……突然 …… Somebody had just done something when…… 某人刚刚干了……这时……
我们刚要工作，天就下起雨来。
1.We had hardly begun our work when it began to rain. Hardly had we begun our work when it began to rain. We had no sooner begun our work than it began to rain. No sooner had we begun our work than it began to rain.
while 表示强烈的对比关系，可译成“然而”
e.g. She is tall while I am short. While I was studying English, he was playing football.
As
试观察： 1) As they were picking tea, the girls were singing happily.
It will be three days before I come back. 三天后我就回来了。
Since引导的从句的谓语动词是瞬间动词时，则从句表示的时 间是“从动作开始的那一刻起”
He has studies hard since he came to our school. 自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。
graduate
勇于开始，才能找到成 功的路
not see
After the film, I went to meet a friend whom I_h_a_v_e_n_o_t_s_e_e_n (not see) since we _g_r_a_d_u_a_t_e_d.
talk
steal 勇于开始，才能找到成
• It was three years since they had been together.
趁热打铁
• 1. By nine o'clock last night, we __h_a_d_g_o_t__ (get) 200 pictures from the spaceship.
• 2. I _h_a_d__b_e_e_n_ (am) at the bus stop for 20minutes when a bus finally arrived.
就
Before常用于这两个句型： It was/wasn’t+一段时间+before从句 过了多久/没过多久才 It will/won’t be+一段时间+before从句 还得过多久/用不了多久就
It was a long time before we met again. 过了很久我们才再次见面
came in .
While
观察： While they were doing homework, someone broke into the house. While he was still a teenager, he was a big star.
分析： while引导的从句表示“在……过程中”，强调某一段 时间内主句和从句的动作在同一时期发生。从句的动 作表示较长时间，因此常用延续性动词。
功的路
We had coffee and talked happily.But when I was
going to pay for it, I___fo_u_n_d____(find)my wallet
and cellphone _h_a_d__b_e_e_n_s_t_o_le_n_(steal).What an
特殊句式
1. It was the first time that + had done
• 那是他第一次到眉山。
• It was the first time that he had been to Meishan.
2. It was + 时间段+since+ had done
• 那时他们已经在一起三年了。
当not until放在句首时，主句要部分倒装。
Not until Mary had heard that sound did she really get frightened.
在强调句中，强调until引导时间状语时，常把not提前， 构成 it isn’t/wasn’t until… that
Future
A B Now
有两个动作都发生在过去， 先后发生， 先发生的用过去完成时， 后发生的用一般过去时。
过去的过去
Past
Future
A B Now
现在完成时：have/has+done
过去完成时： had +done had not +done had been done
找标志词
When the police arrived, the thieves had already run away. Before my Mom came in, I had already turned off my computer. After I had already turned off my computer, my Mom came in.
高中英语语法---过去完 成时
2020/9/25
神马是过去完成时？
•表示过去发生的一个动作之前已 经完成的动作，就是过去完成时 。
警察抓小偷
• 当警察赶到的时候，小偷早已经跑了。
When the police arrived, the thieves had already run away.
偷偷玩电脑
1. 他从学校回来时，他妈妈正在烧饭。 2. 他在看书时，他的妻子一直在烧饭。 3. 他一边烧饭一边唱歌。 4. 我们正要动身，这时天突然下雨了。 5. 你喜欢踢足球而我喜欢弹钢琴。 6. 随着时间的推移，我们都渐渐长大了。
Possible answers:
1. When he returned, his mother was cooking. 2. While he was reading, his wife was cooking. 3. As he cooked, he sang. 4. We were about to start when it began to rain. 5. you like playing football while I like playing the piano. 6. As time went by, we all grew up.