托福真题练习TOEFL为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理了托福真题练习,下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福真题练习1By 1776 the fine art of painting as it had developed in western Europe upto this time had been introduced into theAmerican colonies through books andprints, European visitors and immigrants,and traveling colonists who broughtback copies (and a few original) of old master paintings and acquaintance withEuropean art institutions.By the outbreak of the revolution against British rule in 1776, the statusof the artists had already undergone change. In the mid-eighteenth century,painters had been willing to assume such artisan-related tasks as varnishing,gilding teaching, keeping shops, and painting wheel carriages, houses, andsigns. The terminology by which artists were described at the timesuggeststheir status: limner was usually applied to the anonymous portrait painter upto the 1760s;painter characterized anyone who could paint a flat surface. Bythe second half of the century,colonial artists who were trained in England oreducated in the classics rejected the status of laborer and thought of themselves as artists. Some colonial urban portraitists, such as John SingletonCopley, Benjamin West, and Charles Wilson Peale, consorted with affluentpatrons.Although subject to fluctuations in their economic status, all three enjoyed sufficient patronage to allow them to maintain an image of themselves asprofessional artists, an image indicated by their custom of signing their paintings. A few art collectors James Bowdoin III of Boston, William Byrd ofVirginian, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European arttraditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especiallyaspiring artists, and established in their respective communities the idea ofthe value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.Although the colonists tended to favor portraits, they also accepted landscapes, historical works, and political engravings as appropriate artisticsubjects. With the coming of independence from the British Crown, a sufficientnumber of artists and their works were available to serve nationalistic purposes. The achievements of the colonial artists, particularly those of Copley, West,and Peale, lent credence to the boast that the new nation wascapable of encouraging genius and that political liberty was congenial to thedevelopment of taste —a necessary step before art could assume an importantrole in the new republic.托福阅读题目：1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) European influence on colonialAmerican painting(B) The importance of patronage to artist(C) The changing status of artists in theAmerican colonies in the eighteenth century(D) Subjects preferred by artists in theAmerican colonies in the eighteenthcentury.2. The word outbreak in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) cause(B) beginning(C) position(D) explanation3. The word undergone in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) led to(B) transformed(C) preferred(D) experienced4.According to the passage , before the American Revolution the main taskof limners was to(A) paint wheel carriages(B) paint portraits(C) varnish furniture(D) paint flat surfaces5. It can be inferred from the passage that artists who were trained in England(A) considered artists to be superior to painters(B) barely painted portraitists(C) were often very wealthy(D) imitated English painters6. The word consorted in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) made decisions(B) studies(C) agreed(D) associated7. The word sufficient in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) adequate(B) temporary(C) friendly(D) expensive8.According to the passage , artists such as Copley, West and Peal signedtheir paintings(A) increased the monetary value of the paintings(B) made it more difficult for other artists to copy the paintings(C) supported the artists image of professionalism(D) distinguished colonialAmerican artists from European artists9. The author mentions James Bowdoin III and William Byrd in line 17 asexamples of which ofthe following?(A)Art gallery owners who displayed only European art(B)Art collectors who had a profound influence on American attitudes towardart(C)Artists who gave financial support to other artists(D) Patrons whose helped to encourage artisans to become artists10. With which of the following would the author be most likely to agree?(A) Countries that have not had a political revolution are unlikely to develop great art.(B) The most successful art collectors are usually artists themselves.(C) The value of colonialAmerican paintings decreased after the Revolution.(D) Colonial artists made an important contribution to the evolving cultureof the new nation.托福阅读答案：CBDBADACBD托福真题练习2托福阅读文本：Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells buildingowners how much they can charge their tenants in rent. In the United States,rent controls date back to at least World War II.In 1943 the federal government imposed rent controls to help solve theproblem of housing shortages during wartime. The federal program ended after thewar, but in some locations, including New York City, controls continued. UnderNew Yorks controls, a landlord generally cannot raise rents on apartments aslong as the tenants continue to renew their leases. In places such as Santa Monica, California, rent controls are more recent. They were spurred by theinflation of the 1970s, which, combined with Californias rapid population growth, pushed housing prices, as well as rents, to record levels. In 1979 SantaMonicas municipal government ordered landlords to roll back their rents to thelevels charged in 1978. Future rents could only go up by two-thirds as much asany increase in the overall price level.In any housing market, rental prices perform three functions: (1) promotingthe efficient maintenance of existing housing and stimulating the constructionof new housing, (2) allocating existing scarce housing among competing claimants, and (3) rationing use of existing housing by potential renters.One result of rent control is a decrease in the construction of new rentalunits. Rent controls have artificially depressed the most important long-termdeterminant of profitability — rents. Consider some examples. In a recent yearin Dallas, Texas, with a 16 percent rental vacancy rate but no rent control laws, 11,000 new housing units were built. In the same year, in San Francisco,California, only 2,000 units were built. The major difference? San Francisco hasonly a 1.6 percent vacancy rate but stringent rent control laws. In New YorkCity, except for government-subsidized construction, the only rental units beingbuilt are luxury units, which are exempt from controls. In Santa Monica, California, new apartments are not being constructed. New office rental spaceand commercial developments are, however. They are exempt from rent controls.托福阅读题目：1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The construction of apartments in the United States.(B) Causes and effects of rent control(C) The fluctuations of rental prices(D) The shortage of affordable housing in the United States.2. The word They in line 9 refers to(A) the tenants(B) their leases(C) places(D) rent controls.3. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the introduction of rentcontrols in Santa Monica,California?(A) rapid population growth(B) inflation(C) economic conditions during wartime(D) record-high housing prices4. The phrase roll back in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) credit(B) measure(C) vary(D) reduce5. The word stimulating in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) experimenting with(B) identifying(C) estimating(D) encouraging6. It can be inferred that the purpose of rent control is to(A) protect tenants(B) promote construction(C) increase vacancy rates(D) decrease sales of rental units7. The word depressed in line 19 is closest in meaning to(B) created(C) lowered(D) defeated8. The information in the last paragraph supports which of the followingstatements?(A) San Francisco has eliminated its rent control laws.(B) Rent control leads to a reduction in the construction of housing units(C) Luxury apartments are rarely built when there is rent control(D) There is a growing need for government-subsidized housing.9.According to the passage , which of the following cities does NOT currently have rent controls?(A) Santa Monica(B) Dallas(C) San Francisco(D) New York City10. The word stringent in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) straightforward(B) strict(C) expanded11.According to the passage , which of the following is NOT exempt fromrent control?(A) Luxury apartments(B) Commercial development(C) Moderately priced apartments(D) Office space.托福阅读答案：BDCDDACBBB C托福真题练习3托福阅读文本：Butterflies are among the most extensively studied insects — it is estimated that 90 percent of the worlds species have scientific names. As aconsequence, they are perhaps the best group of insects for examining patternsof terrestrial biotic diversity and distribution. Butterflies also have a favorable image with the general public. Hence, they are an excellent group forcommunicating information on science and conservation issues such as diversity.Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity that has received the most attention over the past century is the striking difference in species richnessbetween tropical and temperate regions. For example, in 1875 one biologistpointed out the diversity of butterflies in the Amazon when he mentioned thatabout 700 species were found within an hours walk, whereas the total numberfound on the British islands did not exceed 66, and the whole of Europe supported only 321. This early comparison of tropical and temperate butterflyrichness has been well confirmed.A general theory of diversity would have to predict not only this difference between temperate and tropical zones, but also patterns within eachregion, and how these patterns vary among different animal and plant groups.However, for butterflies, variation of species richness within temperate or tropical regions, rather man between them, is poorly understood. Indeed, comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, andAfrica are still mostly personal communication citations, even for vertebrates. In other words, unlike comparison between temperate and tropicalareas, these patterns are still in the documentation phase.In documenting geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practical decisions are made. Diversity, number of species, and species richness are used synonymously;little is known about the evenness ofbutterfly distribution. The New World butterflies make up the preponderance ofexamples because they are the most familiar species. It is hoped that by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy willbe minimized.托福阅读题目：1. Which aspect of butterflies does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Their physical characteristics(B) Their names(C) Their adaptation to different habitats(D) Their variety2. The word consequence in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) result(B) explanation(C) analysis(D) requirement3. Butterflies are a good example for communicating information aboutconservation issuesbecause they(A) are simple in structure(B) are viewed positively by people(C) have been given scientific names(D) are found mainly in temperate climates4. The word striking in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) physical(B) confusing(C) noticeable(D) successful5. The word exceed in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) locate(B) allow(C) go beyond(D) come close to6. All of the following are mentioned as being important parts of atheory of diversity EXCEPT(A) differences between temperate and tropical zones(B) patterns of distribution of species in each region(C) migration among temperate and tropical zones(D) variation of patterns of distribution of species among different animals and plants7. The author mentions tropicalAsia in lines 19 as an example of a locationwhere(A) butterfly behavior varies with climate(B) a general theory of butterfly diversity has not yet been firmly established(C) butterflies are affected by human populations(D) documenting plant species is more difficult than documenting butterflyspecies8. Which of the following is NOT well understood by biologists?(A) European butterfly habitats(B) Differences in species richness between temperate and tropical regions(C) Differences in species richness within a temperate or a tropical(D) Comparisons of behavior patterns of butterflies and certain animalgroups9. The word generated in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) requested(B) caused(C) assisted(D) estimated托福阅读答案：DABCC CBCB托福真题练习4托福阅读文本：During the second half of the nineteenth century, the production of foodand feed crops in the United States rose at an extraordinarily rapid rate. Cornproduction increased by four and a half times, hay by five times, oats and wheatby seven times. The most crucial factor behind this phenomenal upsurge inproductivity was the widespread adoption of labor-saving machinery byfarmers. By 1850 horse-drawn reaping machines that cut grain were beingintroduced into the major grain-growing regions of the country. Horse-poweredthreshing machines to separate the seeds from the plants were already in generaluse. However, it was the onset of the Civil War in 1861 that provided the greatstimulus for the mechanization of northern agriculture.With much of the labor force inducted into the army and with grain priceson the rise, northern farmers rushed to avail themselves of the new labor-savingequipment. In 1860 there were approximately 80,000 reapers in the country; fiveyears later there were 350,000.After the close of the war in 1865, machinery became ever more important innorthern agriculture, and improved equipment was continually introduced. By 1880a self-binding reaper had been perfected that not only cut the grain, butalsogathered the stalks and bound them with twine. Threshing machines were alsobeing improved and enlarged, and after 1870 they were increasingly powered bysteam engines rather than by horses. Since steam-powered threshing machines werecostly items —running from $ 1,000 to $4,000 —they were usually owned bycustom thresher owners who then worked their way from farm to farm during theharvest season. Combines were also coming into use on the great wheat ranchesin California and the Pacific Northwest. These ponderous machines —sometimespulled by as many as 40 horses —reaped the grain, threshed it, and bagged it,all in one simultaneous operation.The adoption of labor-saving machinery had a profound effect upon the saleof agricultural operations in the northern states —allowing farmers to increasevastly their crop acreage. By the end of century, a farmer employing the newmachinery could plant and harvest two and half times as much corn as a farmerhad using hand methods 50 years before.托福阅读题目：1. What aspect of farming in the United States in the nineteenth centurydoes the passage mainly discuss?(A) How labor-saving machinery increased crop Production(B) Why southern farms were not as successful as Successful as northernfarms(C) Farming practices before the Civil War(D) The increase in the number of people farming2. The word crucial in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) obvious(B) unbelievable(C) important(D) desirable3. The phrase avail themselves in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) take care(B) make use(C) get rid(D) do more4.According to the passage , why was the Civil War a stimulus for mechanization?(A) The army needed more grain in order to feed the soldiers.(B) Technology developed for the war could also the used by farmers.(C) It was hoped that harvesting more grain would lower the price of grain.(D) Machines were needed to replace a disappearing labor force.5. The passage supports which of the following statements about machineryafter the Civil War?(A) Many farmers preferred not to use the new machinery.(B) Returning laborers replaced the use of machinery.(C) The use of farm machinery continued to increase.(D) Poor-quality machinery slowed the pace of crop production.6. Combines and self-binding reapers were similar because each(A) could perform more than one function(B) required relatively little power to operate(C) was utilized mainly in California(D) required two people to operate7. The word they in line 19 refers to(A) grain stalks(B) threshing machines(C) steam engines(D) horses8. It can be inferred from the passage that most farmers did not own threshing machines because(A) farmers did not know how to use the new machines(B) farmers had no space to keep the machines(C) thresher owner had chance to buy the machines before farmers did(D) the machines were too expensive for every farmer to own9. The word ponderous in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) advanced(B) heavy(C) complex(D) rapid托福阅读答案：ACBDCABDB。