介词(表时间地点)一、知识回顾介虚,不能独充当句子成分,必同名、代、短、句子构成介短,才能充当句子成分。
介短在句中常作表、定、状和足。
常用表式地点的介介(一)表示的介:1. at, on, in(1)at 表示“在某一刻、某一点”at 5:30 在5:30 at sunrise 日出at lunch 午at noon 正午at night 夜I get up at 6:00 every day.我每天6:00起床。
表示“在⋯⋯” 用at the age of。
⋯如: at the age of five 在五(2)on 表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。
如:on Monday 在星期一on April 1st 在四月一日I heard a shot on the morning of March 18. 三月十八日早晨我听到一声响。
泛指上、下午、晚上、夜用in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night;但若指具体某一天的上述段,一律用on。
如: on the afternoon of May 23在五月二十三日下午(3)in 表示“在某月、季、年、世”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。
in September 在九月in winter 在冬季in 1999 在 1999 年in the 20th century 在 20 世in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午 /下午 /晚上2. for, during, through(1)for 表示“一段”,后接与数用的名。
多与完成用。
I ’ve been a soldier for 5 years我.入伍已 5 年了。
She has been ill for several days. 她已病了几天了。
表示“持一段” , for 后面必跟“数字 +名”,而 during 后决不可接数字。
(2)during 表示“在⋯⋯期”He visited many nice places during his stay here. 在他逗留期他参了多美的地方。
What did you do during the summer vacation?你在暑假做了什么?(3)through 表示“一直⋯⋯,自始至”They worked hard through the winter. 整个冬天他都在努力工作。
She treated me like her brother through these years. 些年来她始把我当哥哥待。
3. from, since(1)from 作“从⋯⋯”解,多用于“ from ⋯ to/till 中。
⋯”You can come anytime from Monday to Friday.周一至周五你什么来都行。
The exam will start from 9:00am.考将从上午九点开始。
① from “从⋯⋯(开始)”未必持到在,如:from 1995 to 1998. 从1995 年到1998 年。
而 since 是指“自从⋯⋯以来一直持到在”② since 一般只与在完成用,而from 不受此限。
(2)since 表示“自从⋯⋯以来(直到在)”He has been away from home since 1973.他自从 1973 年就离开了家。
We have known each other since ten years ago.我十年前就了。
for 与 since 表示一段,但for 与段用,而since 与点用。
如for two hours (持)两小; since last week 自从上周直到在4. before, by, till, until(1)before 指“在⋯⋯之前”Please come before ten o’clock10.点以前来。
The meeting will end after 3:00 p.m.会将在下午三点后束。
表示“在⋯⋯以前” , before 与 by 基本可通用。
但by 有“截至⋯⋯止”之意,此可与完成用,而before 一般不与完成用。
如:How many models have you made by the end of last month?截至上月底你做了多少个模型?(2)by 指“不于,到⋯⋯止,在⋯⋯以前”I must finish my homework by lunch.午前我必做完作。
We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term.到上学期末止,我已学了1000 多个了。
(3) tell (until)直到“⋯⋯止”You must wait for him till tomorrow.你必一直等他到明天。
He didn ’t come back until twelve o’clock last他night昨晚.到12 点才回来。
只能用于否定在肯定句中, till (until) 必与延用。
若与点用,till (until)句中。
5. after,in,within① after 表示“在⋯⋯之后”,是 before 的反。
We’ll hold a party after dinner. 晚餐后我将晚会。
He got a cancer and died after a year.他患了癌症,一年后去世了。
I ’ll phone you after I arrive到.达后我你打。
(after 作)② within “在⋯⋯之内”I can finish it within an hour. 我不需一小就可把它做完。
③ in “在⋯⋯之后”I ’ll arrive in an hour我.一小后到达。
比after 与 in① after 后可跟段,也可跟点,如after school(放学后),而 in 后必跟一段,如in an hour(一小后)。
② after 既可用于将来,也可用于去,而in 只能用于将来。
③ after 既可作介,又可作,而in 只能作介in 与 within 后都必跟段。
(二)表示“地点、方向”的介:1. in , outside , between, among① in 表示“在⋯⋯里面”,如:What’s in the box? 盒子里是什么?She put her book in the desk. 她把放了桌。
② outside 指“在⋯⋯外面”There are many people outside the room. 房外有很多人。
What did your see outside the hall? 你在大外看了什么?③ between 在⋯⋯之(指二者)There is a hospital between the hotel and the post office. 在与局之有所医院。
The building stands between the park and the small river.那建筑位于公园和小河之。
between 是指“在两者之”,而 among 指“在多个之”。
④ among 在⋯⋯之(指三者以上)“There is a thief among you. ” The policeman shouted to the crowd.警察向人群喊道:“你中有个小!”He found his place among the crowd.他在人群中找到了他的位置。
2. on, above, over, below, under(1)on 在⋯⋯上面,表面相互接触。
There is an apple on the table. 桌上有一个苹果。
On the top of the hill, there is a flag.山有一面旗子。
(2)above 只表示“在⋯⋯上方或位置高出⋯⋯”,与 below 相。
A plane flew above our heads. 一架机从我上。
The Turners live above us. 特一家人住在我的上面。
(3)over 在“⋯⋯ 正上方”,与 under 相。
There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座。
The picture is hanging over the blackboard.那挂在黑板的正上方。
(4)below 在⋯⋯下方,低于⋯⋯There are many flowers below the window. 窗下有很多花。
Her skirt reaches just below her knees. 她的裙子到膝盖下。
(5)under 在⋯⋯正下方They sat under a big tree, drinking. 他坐在一棵大下喝酒。
What are you wearing under your coat? 你外套里面穿了什么?3. near, by, beside(1)near 在⋯⋯附近,与 far 相A hospital was built near the railway station. 在火站附近建了一所医院。
My home is near the school.我的家离学校很近。
(2) by = beside, 靠近,在⋯⋯旁,比near 距离更近He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema. 在影院他就坐在我旁。
He lay down beside the statuary. 他在雕像旁躺下了。
4. in front of, behind, around(1) in front of 在⋯⋯前面A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一条河They put a bunch of flowers in front of the door.他在前放了一束花。
in the front of 表示“在⋯⋯前部”,指里面。
There is a red chair in the front of the room. 在房前半部有把椅子。
(2) behind 在⋯⋯后面(3)around 在⋯⋯周,5. from, to, for, into, out of(1) from 从⋯⋯(2)to 到⋯⋯(目的地)去,向⋯⋯(3)for 向⋯⋯,表目的方向towards, to 和 for 都可表示“向⋯⋯”,其区如下:① towards 指朝向某个方向,不一定是目的地,而to 和for 都是“向目的地”。