Unit 11 Electronic Systems
30 Personal Computer
《电子技术专业英语教程》冯新宇 主编 电子工业出版社
30 Personal Computer
• Backgrounds • Text tour • Language in use
2013-6-27 《电子技术专业英语教程》 7
• A PC may be a home computer, or may be found in an office, often connected to a local area network (LAN). This is in contrast to the batch processing or time-sharing models which allowed large expensive systems to be used by many people, usually at the same time, or large data processing systems which required a full-time staff to operate efficiently. • While early PC owners usually had to write their own programs to do anything useful with the machines, today's users have access to a wide range of commercial and non-commercial software which is provided in ready-to-run form.
《电子技术专业英语教程》 3
2013-6-27
• Terminology
– – – – – – – – – – word process 文字处理 spreadsheet 电子表格 Web browser 网络浏览器 E-mail client 电子邮件客户端 dial-up 拨号 World Wide Web 全球信息网，万维网 local area network 局域网 batch process 批处理 time-share【计】分时，时间共享；【电】分时 pre-assemble 预组装，预先安装
2013-6-27 《电子技术专业英语教程》 9
• Throughout the late 1970s and into the 1980s, computers were developed for household use, offering personal productivity, programming and games. Somewhat larger and more expensive systems (although still low-cost compared with minicomputers and mainframes) were aimed for office and small business use.
《电子技术专业英语教程》 4
2013-6-27
• Terminology
– – – – – – computer-aided design 电脑辅助设计 optical disc drive 光盘驱动器 USB 通用串行总线 expansion slot 扩展槽 testware 测试工具，测试件 PCI Pedpherd Component Interconnect 周边元件扩展接口 – AGP Accelerated Graphics Port 加速图像处理端口 – ISTQB International Software Testing Qualification Board 国际软件测试工程师认证
2013-6-27 《电子技术专业英语教程》 10
Computer Architecture
– Vocabulary – Structure – Reading/writing techniques
2013-6-27
《电子技术专业英语教程》
2
Backgrounds
• Terminology
– – – – – – – – – database n.数据库，基本数据 panel n.【电】配电盘，仪表盘 indicator 【电】目视仪 peripheral n.(电脑的)外围设备，周边设备 mainframe n.【计】主机，大型机 motherboard n.底板，母板；【计】母板，主板 desktop computer 台式计算机，台式电脑 laptop computer 便携式计算机，膝上电脑 tablet computer 平板计算机 software application 应用软件
2013-6-27 《电子技术专业英语教程》 5
Text tour
• Outline
- Introduction the History of computer development - Computer Architecture - Sofeware Conce技术专业英语教程》
2013-6-27 《电子技术专业英语教程》 8
• The capabilities of the PC have changed greatly since the introduction of electronic computers. By the early 1970s, people in academic or research institutions had the opportunity for single-person use of a computer system in interactive mode for extended durations, although these systems would still have been too expensive to be owned by a single person. • The introduction of the microprocessor, a single chip with all the circuitry that formerly occupied large cabinets, led to the proliferation of personal computers after about 1975. Early personal computers generally called microcomputers - were sold often in Electronic kit form and in limited volumes, and were of interest mostly to hobbyists and technicians. • Minimal programming was done by toggle switches, and output was provided by front panel indicators. Practical use required peripherals such as keyboards, computer terminals, disk drives, and printers. • Unlike other hobbyist computers of its day, which were sold as kits; in 1976 Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak sold the Apple I was a fully assembled circuit board containing about 30 chips. Such that by 1977 Apple Computers introduced the Apple II, as the world’s first personal computer. By 1977, mass-market pre-assembled computers allowed a wider range of people to use computers, focusing more on software applications and less on development of the processor hardware.
6
Introduction
• A personal computer (PC) is any general-purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and original sales price make it useful for individuals, and which is intended to be operated directly by an end user, with no intervening computer operator. • As of 2009, a PC may be a desktop computer, a laptop computer or a tablet computer. The most common operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft Windows, Mac OS and Linux, while the most common microprocessors are x86-compatible CPUs, ARM architecture CPUs and PowerPC CPUs. Software applications for personal computers include word processing, spreadsheets, databases, Web browsers and E-mail clients, games, and myriad personal productivity and special-purpose software. Modern personal computers often have high-speed or dial-up connections to the Internet, allowing access to the World Wide Web and a wide range of other resources.