上海中考英语首字母填空专项练习模块十九:首字母填空一、首字母填空解题技巧首字母填空是阅读体中的一个重点和难点，但是只要掌握良好的解题技巧，静下心来认真对待，细心捉摸就一定能攻克这一堡垒。

在做这道题是一般应该把握好如下步骤:1、通读全文，理解短文大意，判断需填选项的词性，同时将一眼能够得出的答案迅速填上。

2、在理解作者的写作意图上进行换位思考，把自己想象成作者去努力使文章完整、通顺。

对于一下子拿不定主意的空项要及时跳过，而不能在上面纠缠，因为往往后面的内容会给予更好的提示。

3、进一步阅读全文，力求整篇文章完整通顺，且符合情理，否则宁缺勿乱。

4、检查每一个答案的正确性，包括名词的数、动词的时态、形容词和副词的准确运用等等。

二、例题分析:AThe earth moves round the s 1 . When our part of the earth turns to the sun, it isd 2 .When our part of the earth turns a 3 from the sun, it is night. The sun is much biggerthan the moon. But sometimes the moon looks bigger than the sun, because it is much n 4 to the earth.The sun is very bright. It gives very strong l 5 . The moon looks quite bright, but it d 6 give any lightat all. The light from the moon comes f 7 the sun. The moon looks much bigger and brighter t 8 the stars. But in fact the stars are a lot biggerand brighter than the m 9 . They look smaller than the moon because they are f 10 away from the earth.【解题指导】本文是一篇科普文章。

第一段说明了地球因自转而产生昼夜交替。

第二、四两段说明了人们观看月亮、太阳和星星时发生的近大远小的视觉现象，第三段说明了太阳与月亮发光与反光的特征。

本文每一个考点都是对天文知识的考查。

因此，没有一定的天文常识，则不易读懂本文，更不用说解题了。

近年来，中考完形填空的题材趋于多样化。

人物、科普、史地、故事、政治、经济、风土人情，均为选材范围，这就要求考生知识广博、视野开阔、广泛涉猎。

【答案及简析】1. sun. 地球围绕太阳运转是天文常识。

2. day. 地球面对太阳的半个球面是白天。

3. away. turn away from意为“背离”。

地球上背对太阳的一面是夜晚。

4. nearer. much 后接比较级。

和太阳比起来月亮离地球近多了。

5. light. give light意为“发光”。

太阳是发光体。

6. doesn’t. 月亮不发光。

7. from. 月亮反射太阳的光，人们所看到的月亮的光来自于太阳。

8. than. 由空前的bigger and brighter 可知，此处应填表示比较的连词than。

9. moon. 根据文意，下句的they代指空格所在句子的主语the stars。

因此两句中than后的应是同一物，即moon。

10. farther. 恒星看起来比月亮小，是因为它们离地球比月亮远。

从句中的than themoon承前省略。

此空仍应该用比较级。

BDogs are good pets. They are very f 1 to people and also very beautiful. Most dogs get on very well with c 2 and their parents. Others are good watch-dogs because they cry loudly when a s 3arrives. When you buy a dog, an important thing to think about is its s 4 ---buy a small dogif your home is small and a bigger one if y 5 is larger. Many people don’t know how much tofeed their dogs. Dogs eat a 6 anything! They like meat, rice andlots of other things. You can buy lots of food m 7 for dogs in shops. Don’t let your dogs eat too much. Feed it only once a day. Always l 8 water for your dog. It can get thirsty very quickly, especially in s 9 . Remember that dogs need e 10 . You should take it for a walk every day. Don’t keepyour dog inside all day.【解题指导】本文最突出的一个特点就是决大多数需填词的后面都有一句或两句话的内容是对所填词的内容进行补充说明的。

因此，同学们在做这种类型的题时，一定要注意分析上下文的内容，进行推理和归纳，正确的理解句意，最后决定出最佳的词及其正确形式。

【答案及简析】1. friendly. 人们之所以把狗作为宠物来养，主要是因为它们比较通人性，且对人很友好，能给人们带来欢乐。

根据“be very f 1 to people”来分析，此空应填一个形容词，表明狗对人的态度。

friend是名词，friendly是形容词，故friendly是正确答案。

2. children. 宠物狗自然是在家中养，它们除了听主人的话以外，与家中的小主人即孩子也是好朋友。

由于是指大多数家庭的情况，并受their一词的提示，此处应填“孩子”的复数形式，即children。

3. stranger. 狗的天性是护家。

文中的watch-dogs意为“看家狗”，专门指有生人来时发出叫喊的狗。

“生人”在英文中即为stranger。

4. size. 这个空略微有点难。

一是size一词平时用得较少，二是一般家庭都养小型犬，供狗活动的空间一般不成问题，因此，对狗的体积问题考虑的较少。

从后面的句子来看，此处是在谈狗的体积的问题——“如果你的家小，就买一只小狗;如果你的家大，就买一只大狗。

”5. yours. 这是一个名词性物主代词，代替上半句的your home。

此句完整的说法应是buy a small dog if your home is small and buy a bigger one if your home is larger. 为避免词的重复使用，在英文句子中常用名词性物主代词代替前面的那个名词。

6. almost. “狗几乎什么都吃。

”这一点我们从日常生活中也都知道，而且本句话的后面也进行了进一步的解释说明，“他们喜欢吃肉，米饭和其它的东西。

”7. made. 这是make的过去分词，在这里与for dogs一起做定语，修饰food，整句的意思是“你可以在食品店买到许多为狗做的食物。

”这个空也是一个难点。

若没有正确理解句意，很容易写成meat。

8. leave. 有养狗经验的同学都知道，每天一定要给狗留下供它喝的水。

狗是靠舌头来散热的，因此它极易渴，特别是在夏天。

9. summer. 如果了解了狗的这一生理功能(靠舌头来散热)，就不难填出summer一词。

10. exercise. 如果想让狗养成好习惯并不生病的话，就必须每天带它出去散步。

从下面的句子You should take it for a walk every day. Don’t keep your dog inside all day. 来看，说明狗也需要运动。

exercise当“运动”讲时，是一个不可数名词，不能在词尾加s。

【基础题】1A driver stopped his car on a street side to have a rest. He lay down in the seat and c_____ his eyes. A man came up and k_____ at the window to ask the time. The driver o______ his eyes andlooked at his watch. "It's 8 am. " he said. Then he went to sleep again.But soon he woke up b________ a second person was knocking at the window. "Sir, do you have the time?" he asked. The driver looked at his watch again, and told the man it was 8:30am. At this rate, he could not have a good rest, so he wrote a short n_______ and put it upon the window for all to see. It s_______: "I don't have the time. "Again the man lay down in the seat for his sleep. A few minutes later, a t______ person came along and began knocking at the window.―Hay, sir,‖ he said. "It is a quarter to nine."Keys: closed, knocked, opened, because, note, said, third.2It was Sunday. I never get up e________ on Sundays. I sometimes_____ in bed until lunch time.Last Sunday I got up very l_______. I looked out of the window. It was d______ outside. "What a day!" I thought. "It is raining again." Just then, the telephone rang. It was my Aunt Lucy. "I have just arrived by train," she said. "I am c_____ to see you."But I am s_____ having my breakfast," I said. " "What are you doing?" she asked.I am having breakfast," I r______. "Dear me." she said. "Do you always get up so late? It's one o'clock!"Keys: early, stay, late, dark, coming, still, replied.3Until a few years ago, only boys could become s________ at the University of Ruritania (鲁里坦尼亚). Later the university decided to take girls in. But one of the teachers, Mr. Goller was not pleased at all. He had not wanted to l_____ girl students in.Mr. Goiter always began his lesson with the word Gentlemen". What could he do now? Well, when the girt students came to his lesson for the f________ time, he still began with the word. Forhim the girls were j________ not there. Then one day there was only one boy in his class among a lot of girls. For a moment, Mr. Gollerdidn't k____ what to do. Then he began. "Sir!"F_______, a terrible day came when there were no boys in his class. He came into the room, looked at the girls and said, "Oh, nobody's here today!" He turned and went out w_______ giving his lessons.Keys: students, let, first, just, know, finally, without.4In 1995, Ray Kroc v________ a small restaurant in California. Theo________ of it was theMcDonald brothers. They built it b______ the road, so people could drive up to the restaurant, buy food without g______ out of their cars and drive away easily. They called it "drive-in" restaurant. Ray Kroc saw the bright f________ of the restaurant of this kind. He bought the restaurant and used the brothers' family name for his new r________. The first McDonald's restaurant chainwas born.Now in the United States, there are more than 5.000 restaurants and it has its chain restaurants in 60 other countries. The l________ McDonald's restaurant is in Beijing. China. It has 1,000 workers. About 700 people can sit and eat there at one time.Keys: visited, owners, beside, going, future, restaurant, largest.5.Millions and millions of years ago, the world was much w________than it is now. There was never any winter or snow. Warm rain fell on the land. Even the sea was warm. In this warm world lived some beasts called dinosaurs. They were the kings of the world for a long time. In the days of the dinosaurs there were no human beings. So no man has ever seen a r________ dinosaur. But we found a lot about the dinosaurs after years of study. Some dinosaurs lived near the water w_______ some lived on land. Some ate only plants and some ate other a________. After millions of years, something h________ to the dinosaurs. They began to die out at once.No one knows what happened. But we know that the world grew a little colder. Maybe the dinosaurs could live when it was very warm, and they died out when it became cold. But we are not sure. All we know is that the dinosaurs were the kings of the world for a long time. And no animals like them have ever been seen a______.Keys: warmer, real, while, animals, happened, once, again.6.A woman saw three old men sitting in front of the house. She said. "You must be h_______.come in and have something to eat.""We do not go into a house together." they replied. "Why is that?" asked the woman. One of theold men e________, "His name is Wealth, this is Success, and I am Love." Then he went on to say. "Now go in and discuss with your husband which one of us you want in your home." Then the woman went in and told her husband what was said. Her husband said. "Let's invite Wealth! Let him come and fill our home with wealth!" His wife d_______, "My dear, why don't we invite Success?" Then the daughter made a s________, "Would it be better to invite Love? Our home will then be filled with love!" "Let's take our daughter's advice," said the father. Love got up and started walking toward the house. The other two also got up and f_______ him.Surprised, the lady asked Wealth and Success, "I only invite Love. Why are you coming in with him?"The old men answered t________, "If you had invited Wealth or Success, the other two of us would have stayed out, s_______ you invited Love, there is also Wealth and Success!"Keys: hungry, explained, disagreed, suggestion, followed, together, since7.When you want to go s________, decide how much money you can s_____ on new clothes. Thinkabout the kind of clothes you really need. Then look for those clothes on sale. There are labels(标签)inside all new clothes. Thelabels tell you how to take care of your clothes. The label for a shirtmay tell you to wash it in w________ water. A sweater label may tell you towash it in cold water The label on a coat may say "dry clean only". If you do as the d_________ say on the label, you can keep your clothes looking their best. Many clothes must be dry cleaned. Dry cleaning is expensive. When buying new clothes, check to see if they will need to be dry cleaned. You will save money if you buy clothes that can be washed.You can save money if you buy clothes that are well made. Well-made clothes l_______ longer.They look good even after they have been washed many times. Clothes that c________ moremoney are not always better made. They do not always fit better. Sometimes l______ expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.Keys: shopping, spend, warm, directions, money, last, cost, less,8.When Albert Einstein started to work in America, someone asked him what he needed. He said he needed a desk, some paper and pencils. He also asked for a big waste-paper basket to hold a_____of his mistakes. This meant that he knew even the cleverest man in the world can only learn by making m________. Einstein regarded time as something very i________. He never wore socksand he thought p________ on socks was a waste of time as people already wore shoes. He also thought it was a waste of time remembering things that could quickly be found in a b________.That is w______ he never remembered his own phone number, which was in the phone book. He knew what was worth remembering. It is that if we are going to do great things in our lives, we cannot waste our time.Einstein liked to j_______ too. Once in an examination a student asked him why all the questions were the same as last year's. Einstein said the questions were the same but the answers were d____ Keys: any, mistakes, important, putting, book, why, true, joke, different9.Now satellites are to forecast the weather. They are in s______, and they can reach any part of the world. The satellites take the pictures of the atmosphere, because this is where the weather forms. They send these pictures to the weather station. So the scientists there can see the weather of any part of the world and tell how the weather willc______. Today, n_______ 500 weather stations in60 countries can receive satellite pictures. When they receive the new pictures, they compare them with the e_______ ones. Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed d_____ the last fewhours. This may m______ that the weather on the ground may soon change, too. In their next weather forecast, they can tell people about it.So the weather satellites are of great h______ to the scientists at the station. In the past they could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours. Now they can make good forecast for 3 or 5 days. Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or m_______ ahead. Keys: space, change, nearly, earlier, during, mean, help, more.10.Most parents always think that they have offered the best thingsthey can to make their children live in a c________ world. They buytheir children pretty clothes, cool shoes, strange but e______ school things, and a thousand-yuan-cost bike. They think that they have done e they canfor their dear little children. In _______, they only want their children to give them good results in the examinations.But their little children still can't understand them. Why? Does itm_______ that they still wantmore material things? No! As a matter of fact, what they want is a true family. What does a true family mean? I think it means a place where we can hide o_____ from the outside cold world.From here, we can get warmth. We can get consolation(安慰), and wecan get h______. And oneimportant thing is that we should be stronger and more confident in the outside world because weknow that we have a family.Keys: comfortable, expensive, everything, return, mean, ourselves, help,11.In Spain there once l ______ a king and he was very fond of joke. "I will give a bag full of gold." he said, "to the person who can tell me the best story. There is only one r____, it must be a story which I can not believe. If I can believe it. then I won't give away the bag of gold." People came to the king from all parts of the c_______. They brought strange and w________stories. The king sat in his palace and listen to all the stories.He e_______ them very much, but toeach person he said. "I can believe that story. It could h________ and it may be true. So I won'tgive you the bag of gold."At last a poor old man came to the palace. He was carrying a huge stone jar. The old man went into the king's room and said. "Oh, King, your good father was once a poor man and my father was rich. They were very good friends. My father gave your father a large bag like this one. and it was full of gold. Your father p________ to give back the gold when he became rich. But he didn't give it back. Now I am poor and you are rich. And I want the gold. The king didn't believe the story and he had to give the poor old man the bag of gold. Keys: lived, joke, country, wonderful, enjoyed, happen, promised.12Dear Smith,Thank you very much for your letter. I am glad that you enjoyed your h________ with me. Weenjoyed having you and your sister here. We hope that you willb______ be able to come again next year. Perhaps you'll be able tos______ longer next time you come. A week is not really long e________, is it? If your school has five weeks holiday next year, perhaps you will be able to stay with us for two or three weeks.We have been long b________ at school for three weeks. It feels like three months! I know that you are working very hard now that you are in Grade One. I shall have to work hard next year when I am in Grade One.Tom and Ann went for a picnic yesterday but I did not go with themb________ I cut my foot andI couldn't walk very well. They went to an island and enjoyed themselves there. Do you still remember the island? That is where all five of us s________ the last day of our holiday.We send our best wishes to Betty and you. We hope to see you soon.Yours sincerely. MichaelKEYS: holiday, both, stay, enough, back, because, spent13.We know the mosquito very well. Mosquitoes fly everywhere. They can be found almost all over the world, and there are more than 2,500k______ of them. No one 1________the mosquito. Butthe mosquito may decide what she loves. She? Yes, she. It is true that male mosquito doesn't bite and only the female mosquito bites because she needs blood to lay e______. She is always looking for things or p________ she wants to bite. If she likes what she finds, she bites. But if she doesn't like your blood, she will turn to someone e________ for more delicious blood. Next time amosquito bites you just remember you are c_______. You are different from the others.If the mosquito likes you, she lands on your body w________ letting you know. She bites you soquickly and q________ that you may not feel anything different.Keys: kind, likes, eggs, people, else, chosen, without, quietly14.My grandfather was a teacher. He was the headmaster of a school for boys between the ages of thirteen and eighteen. I know that he was a kind man when I was young (and he was old), he gave me presents, and sat me on his k______ and told me s_______. But I believe the boys at his school were a_______ of him. At school, when he walked into a room full of naughty boys, they stopped t______ at once. When he looked at a boy with a certain look in his eyes, that boy was red in the face, and looked down at his s_______. If a boy brought him p______ homework, my grandfather would pick up the boy's book and throw it across the room, shouting. "Do it again, and bring it back first thing in the morning!" If the boy was late, or if he f______ tobring his work, he had to do it again, and again, and yet again.Keys: knees, stories, afraid, talking, shoes, poor, forgot15.No one knows why we sleep, but it is certain that we need to. People who are prevented from sleeping begin to suffer obvious effects after a few days---they think l_____ clearly, and they fall asleep d_____ the working hours. There are no rules about sleep. Generally speaking, grown-ups sleep about 7 and a half hours each night, and probably more than 60% get b______ seven andeight hours. But perhaps eight percent are quite happy with 5 hours or less, and four percent or so feel that they want ten hours or more. If you feel all right, you are probably getting e______ sleep.The important thing is not how much other people get. Their need may be different. Exercise doesn't seem to increase the need for sleep. Office workers, for example, sleep for about as long as people doing physically active work. C_____ sleep more than grown-ups do. Sleep patterns alsotend to be different in the old people, who may sleep less at night than they did w_____ they wereyounger. They find sleep getting more broken, and often make it a rest to sleep during the d______.Keys: less, during, between, enough, Children, when, daytime16.The police do many things for us. They help keep our things and us safe. They help keep cars m______ safely. They take care of people whoare h________, then they see these people get to adoctor. The police go around town to see that everything is allright. They get around town in many w______. Some of them walk or go by car. In some big cities, some of the police e_____ ride on horses. It is strange to see these animals in the street.As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find1_____children. They takethe children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to ap________ in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.Some police stand at crossings. They tell the cars when to go andwhen to stop. They make sure that the cars do not go too fast. They help children cross the street. They also help people who can't walk too well.W______ the police, our streets would not be safe. Cars might go too fast and hurt people. Lost people might never be f________. The policedo a great job.Keys: moving, hurt, ways, even, lost, place, Without, found17.About 97% of water on the earth is sea water, or salty water. Mancan only drink or use the other 3% of f______ water which comes from rivers, lakes and u_______.The sea is very big. Look at the m________ of the world. There is more sea than land. It covers three quarters of the earth. It looks very beautiful when the sun is shining on it. But it can be t_____ when there is a strong wind.Some parts of the sea are very deep. There is one place near Japan.It is n________ 11 kilometersdeep. The highest mountain in the world is about 9 kilometers high.If we put that mountain into the sea at that place, there would be 2 kilometers of water a________ it!The Dead Sea is not a sea. It is a big lake. It is the saltiest lake. The sun is hot there and the water is salty. Fish can't live in the Dead Sea and p______ can't grow near it.People can't swim well in the Dead Sea, but they can f_______ on the water. The water is veryblue and the air is clean. In winter, people come to the Dead Sea to enjoy the sunshine. Keys: fresh, underground, map, terrible, nearly, above, plants, float,18.Mr. Smith stood at the bus stop and w_______ the cars going by. Many of the cars were new Bluebirds, and most of them were w_______. Mr.Smith always wore the same clothes, ate thesame food, and did the same things as the other people. Mr. Smithdid not like to be d______. The f______ week. Mr. Smith bought a new white Bluebird car. He was very pleased with it and drove to work in itthe next day. He was even more pleased with his new car when he saw all the other Bluebirds, in front, behind, and on both side of him.Mr. Smith p______ his car in a big car-park near his office. But when he came back f______ work,there were so many bright white Bluebirds in the car-park that Mr. Smith did not know which car was his. He tried his k______ in some of the cars, but people passing by gave him a s______ look, so he stopped. Mr. Smith had to wait nearly two hours u______ his car was the only whiteBluebird.Keys: watched, white, following, parked, from, key, strange, until.19.Everybody gives a lot of time doing something about the weather. You get dressed every day. You wear warm clothes in winter and put on light clothes in s_____. You take an u______ when itlooks like rain, and you put on boots when it snows. If it is cold at night, you put on more blanket on your bed. If it is hot, you take them a___. Every time you do any of those things, you have done just about the weather.There are lots of people who make a 1_____by doing something about the weather, such as thepeople who make raincoats and umbrellas, the ones who make air-conditioners, the people who sell these things or fix or deliver them,the people who help to build buildings and the ones who make the tools and materials.People s_______ lots of money doing something the weather. They buy clothes, they pay rents orbuy houses, they buy coal, oil or gas to w_____ the houses and they also buy air-conditioners tocool them in hot summer.Can people change the weather by doing these? No, but they change what weather does to people. Weather is one of the main things that make us live the w________ we do.Keys: summer, umbrella, away, living, spend , warm, way.20.Bill was fourteen years old and in the ninth grade. He had a p_____ job which got him up at fiveo'clock. He was a newspaper boy.Each morning. Bill left the house at five fifteen to go to the corner. The newspapers had been sent to the corner by truck at m_______. He always rode a bicycle to carry them.In the winter it was still d_______ when he got up. But during the rest of the year it was bright. Bill had to send newspapers to the house of people in all kinds of w_______. He tried to puteach paper in the box where it would be kept s________ from wind and rain or snow. Hiscustomers thought he did a good j_______. Sometimes they gave himtips .Bill made about $70 a month, and he was saving some of the money togo to college. He spent the rest on tapes and clothes. Once a month he had to get the money from his customers together. Since many of them worked during the day. Bill had to get the money at night. Sometimes, when Bill was ill. his elder brother had to send the newspaper. O____Bill's father had to help him.Keys: part-time, midnight, dark, weather, safe, job, Once.21.In Britain you are a_______ to drive a car when you are seventeen. You have to get a two-year driving license before you can start. Whenyou're learning, someone with a full license always has to be in the car with you because you are not allowed to drive the car on the road a_____. Youdon't have to go to a driving school—a friend can teach you. The person with you isn't allowed totake money for the lesson u______ he's got a teacher's license.B_______ you're allowed to have a full license you have to take a driving test. You can take a test in your own car. In the test you have to drive round for about half an hour and then answer a few questions.If you don't p______ the test, you're allowed to take it again a few weeks later if you want to. Once there was a woman who passed herfortieth test after 280 driving lessons! When you've passed your testyou don't have to take it again, and you're allowed to go on driving as long as you l________, if you are healthy. Britain's o________ driver was a man whodrove at the age of 100.Keys: allowed, alone, Before, unless, pass, like, oldest.22.How old is "old"? The answer has covered over the years. Two hundred years ago, you were old at 35. At the b________ of the 20th century, the average life span was 45. In 1950, a 70-year-old was really old. Today, a h________70-year-old person is still thought young.So how old is old? The answer is one you've had many times, from all kinds of people, "You're as old (or young) as you feel." Your age simply tells you how many years you have lived. Your body tells you how wyou've lived."Nobody grows old by living a number of years," wrote a writer. "People grow old when they don't have their ideas." People shouldn't have the wrong ideas about ages. S_____ older minds can be as bright as young minds. Alice Brophy once said, "It makes me unhappy when people say :' You look young for your a_____.' What does that m ? You k______you can die old at30 and live young at 80."Keys: beginning, healthy, well, Some, age, mean, know.23.Have you ever wondered where these nice little Teddy Bears came from? They were n_____ forPresident Roosevelt in 1902. When President Roosevelt was on ah_______ trip in Mississippiwith others, one person caught a black bear and tied it up to a tree. President Roosevelt was asked to shoot the bear, but he r______ to do so and said it was nothing great to shoot a tied-up animal. Then there was a picture and an animal in the next day's newspaper which showed the President refusing to shoot the bear. People all over America saw the picture . Morris Michtom. a shopkeeper in New York put two toy bears made by his wife in the w________ of his shop.The President allowed Mr. Michtom to call them "Teddy Bear".Children everywhere liked the sweet little bears with black eyes. soon Mr. Michtom started a f_______ to make Teddy Bears,and he m______ a lot of money.T________, children all over the world still like Teddy Bear toysvery much. They are also collected by people and many are on show in museums. Teddy Bears are s_______ in almostevery toy shop.Keys: named, holiday, refused, window, factory, made, Today, sold.24.In August, it is very hot and w______ in the southern part of the United States. People there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during this month. In the Northeast and the Middle West, it is。