当前位置:文档之家› 罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第9章 维多利亚时期(1832~1901)【圣才出品】

罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第9章 维多利亚时期(1832~1901)【圣才出品】

第9章维多利亚时期(1832~1901)9.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical background(历史背景)(1) 1832~1848The first reform bill—the industrial capitalists gain their power in Parliament. This bill extended the right to vote to the industrial capitalists and the lower middle class, but not the workers.凭借第一部改革议案,工业资产阶级在议会中赢得了权利。

这个议案使工业资产阶级和中下层阶级获得了选举权,但是工人却并没有获得选举权。

(2) In the fifties and sixties(五十年代和六十年代)England had become the workshop of the world and the world’s banker. It was a period of complacency, stability and optimism.英国成为“世界工厂”和“世界银行”。

这个时期的社会稳定发展,人们对未来信心百倍。

(3) In the 1890s(十九世纪九十年代)The 1890s is a period of serenity and security. By 1890, England continued to grow in strength. The British Empire had comprised more than a quarter of all the territory on the surface of the earth.九十年代是一个安稳而宁静的年代,这个时期,英国的实力持续增长,英国占据了世界四分之一的领土。

Ⅱ. The Victorian Novelists (维多利亚时期的小说家)The Flourishing of Novels(小说兴起的背景)①a new reading public新的阅读群体②a dropping of the price of books书价格的下跌③a profession of writing写作职业的出现④a need of recreation and entertainment休闲娱乐的需要⑤a need of satire of individuals or institutions讽刺个人或体制的需要⑥the feminist movement女权运动Common Features of Victorian Novels(维多利亚小说的共同特征)①The plot小说情节的社会背景更加广②The cause-effect sequence因果关系更加明确③By installment以系列的形式出版④The spirit of Puritanism清教思想的渗入⑤Moral Purpose以道德说教为目的1. Charles Dickens (1812~1870)(查尔斯·狄更斯)(1) Brief Introduction of the Author(作者简介)Dickens was born at Portsmouth in 1812. In 1858 Dickens began to give public readings which continued until his death in 1870. He is the most important novelist of the critical realistic period. In his works, he exposes the cruelty and the hypocrisy of the upper class of the English society, making great contributions to the development of the English literature.1812年生于朴次茅斯市郊,狄更斯在1858年开始公开朗诵,直到1870年他去世。

他是19世纪英国批判现实主义小说家。

在他的作品中,狄更斯揭露了上层阶级的残酷与虚伪,对英国文学发展起到了深远的影响。

(2) Artistic Techniques(艺术技巧)①a tendency to depict the grotesque characters or events描写怪异的人物或者事件②love to instill life into inanimate things使无生命的事物具有生命特征③description of pathetic scenes描写悲惨的场景激发人们的同情(3) Major Works(主要作品)The Pickwick Papers《匹克威克外传》Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》The Old Curiosity Shop《老古玩店》Dombey and Son《董贝父子》David Copperfield《大卫·科波菲尔》Bleak House《荒凉山庄》Hard Times《艰难时世》A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》Great Expectations《远大前程》(4) Appreciation of Works(作品赏析)◆Dombey and Son(《董贝父子》)Dombey and Son, published in serial form in 1847~1848, is one of therepresentative works of Dicken’s mature period. Dombey, the owner of a shipping house, is a rich, proud, and heartless man. He neglects his daughter and lays all his hopes on Paul, who could carry on his business. But Paul dies in childhood because of poor health and the strict discipline in the boarding school. Dombey remarries, but his wife, a cold and disillusioned lady who cannot stand Dombey’s arrogant treatment, runs away with the villainous manager of Dombey’s company. In the following excerpt, Dickens successfully describes the scene of the birth of Paul and the death of his mother.《董贝父子》是狄更斯成熟时期最重要的作品之一,该作品以系列形式发表于1848年。

董贝拥有一家公司,是个富有、傲慢、无情的大资本家,他忽略自己的女儿,他所有希望倾注到儿子保罗身上,希望他能继承自己的事业。

但是保罗体质弱,加上寄宿学校严厉的纪律,在童年就去世了。

于是他再婚了,但是他的妻子冷酷无情,对董贝很失望,她不能忍受董贝傲慢的态度,跟董贝公司邪恶的经理私奔了。

在接下来的节选中,狄更斯成功地描写了保罗的出生和母亲的死亡。

◆Bleak House(《荒凉山庄》)Bleak House, published in monthly parts in 1852~1853, shares the characteristics of Dickens’ other later novels. The book contains a vigorous attack on the abuses of the High Court of Chancery, the delays and costs of which have brought misery and ruin on its suitors. The tale centers around the law case of Jamdvce and Jamdvce over the inheritance of a family fortune.《荒凉山庄》在1852年到1853年,出现在月刊上,它体现了狄更斯后期小说的特点。

小说有力批判了高等法院滥用权力,它导致了拖延,给追求者带来了痛苦和毁灭的代价。

故事围绕着贾丹思和贾丹思家族争夺遗产继承的案件展开。

2. William Makepeace Thackeray (1811~1863)(威廉·梅克比斯·萨克雷)(1) Brief Introduction of the Author(作者简介)Thackeray and Dickens were contemporaries. Unlike Dickens, Thackeray was born in a well-to-do family. His first major novel, Vanity Fair, was published in 1848.威廉·梅克比斯·萨克雷与狄更斯为同时代作家。

与狄更斯不同,萨克雷出生在一个富裕的家庭。

他的第一部重要小说《名利场》于1848年出版。

(2) Vanity Fair(《名利场》)The title Vanity Fair is taken from John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress, in which the protagonist Christian passes a Vanity Fair, where are sold all sorts of vanity. In the novel, the Victorian egoistic, hypocritical, and money-grabbing aristocratic and commercial society is a vanity fair, where everything is sold in terms of money. The central character, Becky Sharp, is an orphan of poor parentage. In order to climb up into the upper class, she tries every means even at the cost of her consciousness.《名利场》这个名字取自约翰·班扬的《天路历程》,书中主人公基督徒经过一个名利场,那里出售各种名利。

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