Lesson OneTranslate the following passage into Chinese1.紧缩性货币政策和扩张性货币政策都涉及到改变一个国家的货币供应量水平。
扩张性货币政策增加货币供应量，而紧缩性货币政策会减少货币供应量。
2.当联邦储备体系在公开市场上购买有价证券，会引起证券价格上涨。
债券价格和利率成反比关系。
联邦贴现率就是一种利率，因此降低联邦利率实际上就是降低利率。
如果联邦储备系统决定降低法定储备要求，那么银行能够进行投资的资金会增加。
这会引起投资比如债券价格的上涨，因此利率会降低。
无论联邦储备体系用何种方法来增加货币供应量，利率都会降低，债券价格会上涨。
Translate the following sentences into English1. China would maintain a stable currency and prudent monetary policy, and expected to stay within its growth and inflation targets this year2.China would also maintain a prudent monetary policy to support economic development while preventing inflationary pressure and financial risks3. China’s economy continued to grow steadily and rapidly in the first quarter, with investment in fixed assets slowing and domestic consumption accelerating.4.because of China’s large increase in its trade surplus and foreign exchange reserves in the first quarter, the effectiveness of its monetary policy — used to help control inflation — was facing “serious challenges.”5. The central bank would seek to further streamline its foreign exchange system to facilitate the orderly outflow of funds. At the same time, it would tighten the management of foreign exchange inflows and settlement.—ThreeTranslation:Translate the following passage into Chinese1．外汇交易当然是指两种不用货币之间的交易了。
每一组货币的交易或“买卖”都包含两个部分。
一个是即期市场，在这个市场中支付（交付）需在交易时立即进行（在实际操作中一般是在第二个交易日进行），另一个就是远期市场。
远期市场的汇率是在交易的时候就先确定了，但实际的交易，或交付则是在未来的某个特定时间进行的。
2．外汇交易期权是指一种货币和另一种货币在未来进行交付的一个合同，在此合同中，期权的所有者有权力以双方商定的价格买进（或卖出）货币，也可放弃该权力。
买进的权力叫看涨期权，卖出的叫看跌期权。
为了获取此种权力就需要支付期权费。
期权的出售者收到期权费后，如果买方行使期权的话，那么卖方就有义务以先前预定的价格交货或收货。
Translate the following sentences into English1．As the internationalization of business grows, so too does your company's exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. The tools and techniques available to help you mange this exposure are developing rapidly but these instruments carry their own particular challenges and risks, and the price for inappropriate hedging strategies can be high.2. While the amount of the transaction, the payments procedure, and the exchange rate are all determined in advance, no exchange of money takes place until the actual settlement date. This commitment to exchange currencies at a previously agreed exchange rate is usually referred to as a forward contract.3. Futures are also standardized in terms of delivery date. The normal currency futures delivery dates are March, June, September and December, while forwards are private agreements that can specify any delivery date that the parties choose.4．Another difference is that forwards are traded by phone and telex and are completely independent of location or time. Futures, on the other hand, are traded in organized exchanges such the LIFFE in London, SIMEX in Singapore and the IMM in Chicago.5．Thus forwards and futures serve similar purposes, and tend to have identical rates, but differ in their applicability. Most big companies use forwards; futures tend to be used whenever credit risk may be a problem.-SixTranslate the following passage into Chinese1. 把交易记录在日记账上标志着复式记账制度的开始。
在这个制度中，一个组织的财务状况受到多个相互关联方面的影响，每一个方面都称作一个账户（例如，应付工资账户）。
每一笔交易都可看作由两个方面或更多方面组成，我们称之为交易的借方（或左边）和贷方（或右边）, 并且，其中每一方面都对组织的财务状况产生各自的影响。
2. 将（所有的财务）数据转入分类账后，把所有账户的借方或贷方余额列出来，计算一下所有的借方余额合计数是否与所有的贷方余额合计数相等（因为每一笔交易都被同时记录为借方和贷方）。
这种方法称为试算平衡。
这一处理程序及其后的那些处理程序都将在财务报告期的后期进行。
一旦成功地做好试算平衡，会计循环的簿记部分就完成了。
Translate the following sentences into English1. Information relating to the financial position of an enterprise is presented on a balance sheet, while disclosures about operating results are displayed on an income statement. Information relating to an organization’s liquidity—namely, how it obtains and spends cash—is shown ona statement of cash flows.2. Modern accounting entails a seven-step accounting cycle. The first three steps fall under the bookkeeping function—that is, the systematic compiling and recording of financial transactions.3. In the next step in the accounting cycle, the amounts that appear in the various journals are transferred to the organization's general ledger—a procedure called posting.4. Subsidiary accounts may also be kept for the wages paid to each employee, for each building or machine owned by the company, and for amounts owed to each of the enterprise's creditors.5 The final step is to close non-cumulative accounts. This procedure involves a series of bookkeeping debits and credits to transfer sums from income-statement accounts into owners' equity accounts.-NineTranslate the following passage into Chinese1. 首先，理赔代表要确认在发生损失时索赔者实际上已从公司购买保险单并且支付的保险费能够包含该时间段。