八级模拟美国文学常识1．The first colony was set up in_________ at, ______off the coast of North Carolina; The second colony was more permanent:______, establis hed in________.A.1585 ...Roanoke,...Jamestown (1607)B. Jamestown...1607,...concord, (1609)C. 1492,…New England…1585 …RoanokeD. 1492...New England ...Jamestown (1607)2. ________ wrote the story recounts how Pocahontas, favorite daughte r of Chief Powhatan, saved Captain Smiths life when he was a prisoner of the chief. Later, when the English persuaded Powhatan to give Poc ahontas to them as a hostage, her gentleness, intelligence, and beaut y impressed the English, and, in 1614, she married John Rolfe, an Eng lish gentleman. The marriage initiated an eight-year peace between th e colonists and the Indians, ensuring the survival of the struggling new colony.A. Cristopher ColumbusB. HarioitC. WinthropeD. Captain John Smith3. The_____ definition of good writing was that which brought home a full awareness of the importance of worshipping God and of the spirit ual dangers that the soul faced on EarthA. ProstestantB. PuritanC. CatholicD. Indian4. The link between_________ is Both rest on ambition, hard work, and an intense striving for success.A. Puritanism and consumerismB. Capitalism and commercialismC. Puritanism and capitalismmercialism and capitalism5 The first Puritan colonists who settled _________exemplified the se riousness of Reformation Christianity. Known as the "_________," they were a small group of believers who had migrated from England to Hol land -- even then known for its religious tolerance -- in 1608, durin g a time of persecutions.A. Roanoke…developmentB. Roanoke…progressC. New England… adventureD. New England… pilgrims6. Of Plymouth Plantation was written by ______A.William BradfordB.Captain John SmithC.HariotD.Cristopher Clumbus 7. “If ever two were one, then surely we./If ever man were loved by wife, then th ee;/If ever wife was happy in a man,/Compare with me, ye women, if yo u can./I prize thy love more than whole mines of gold/Or all the rich es that the East doth hold./My love is such that rivers cannot quench (平熄),/Nor ought but love from thee, give recompense./Thy love is su ch I can no way repay,/The heavens reward thee manifold（多种）, I pr ay./Then while we live, in love let s so persevere/That when we live no more, we may live ever” is form the first published book of poem s by an American was also the first American book to be published by a woman -- __________(c. 1612-1672). It is not surprising that the bo ok was published in England, given the lack of printing presses in th e early years of the first American coloniesA. Miss BradfordB. Anne BradstreetC. Miss John SmithD. Anne Bradford8. 500-page Metrical History of Christianity was written by______A. Anne BradstreetB. WinthropeC. Edward TaylorD. Captain John Smith9. The 18th-century American ________was a movement marked by an emph asis on rationality rather than tradition, scientific inquiry instead of unquestioning religious dogma, and representative government in p lace of monarchy. Enlightenment thinkers and writers were devoted to the ideals of justice, liberty, and equality as the natural rights of man.A. RenaissanceB. RevolutionC. PuritanismD. Enlightenment10. ________, whom the Scottish philosopher David Hume called America s "first great man of letters," embodied the Enlightenment ideal of h umane rationality. Practical yet idealistic, hard-working and enormou sly successful.A. Captain John SmithB. Edward TaylorC. Benjamin FranklinD. Anne Bradstreet11. ______ lists 13 virtues: temperance, silence, order, resolution, frugality, industry, sincerity, justice, moderation, cleanliness, tra nquility, chastity, and humilityA.JeffersonB. FranklinC. BradstreetD. St. John de Crèvecoeur 12. Common Sense sold over 100,000 copies in the first three months of its publication. It is still rous ing today. "The cause of America is in a great measure the cause of a ll mankind,"_____wrote, voicing the idea of American exceptionalism s till strong in the United States -- that in some fundamental sense, s ince America is a democratic experiment and a country theoretically o pen to all immigrants, the fate of America foreshadows the fate of hu manity at large.A. AnneB. PaineC. FranklinD. Jefferson13. "literary" writing was not as simple and direct as political writ ing. When trying to write poetry, most educated authors stumbled into the pitfall of elegant_________. The epic, in particular, exercised a fatal attraction. American literary patriots felt sure that the gre at American Revolution naturally would find expression in the epic -- a long, dramatic narrative poem in elevated language, celebrating th e feats of a legendary hero.A. RenaissanceB. RationalismC. NeoclassicismD. Classicism14. ______, whose poem "The British Prison Ship" is a bitter condemna tion of the cruelties of the British, who wished "to stain the world with gore." This piece and other revolutionary works, including "Euta w Springs," "American Liberty," "A Political Litany," "A Midnight Con sultation," and "George the Thirds Soliloquy," brought him fame as th e "Poet of the American Revolution."A. Philip FreneauB. Long FellowC. Thomas PaineD. Ben Franklin15. the first professional American writer is _______A.Thomas PaineB. Charles Brockden BrownC. Philip FreneauD. Anne Bradstreet16.No writer was as successful as ___________ at humanizing the land, endowing it with a name and a face and a set of legends. The story o f "Rip Van Winkle," who slept for 20 years, waking to find the coloni es had become independent, eventually became folklore. It was adapted for the stage, went into the oral tradition, and was gradually accep ted as authentic American legend by generations of Americans.A. Jupiter HammonB. Olaudah EquianoC. Washington IrvingD. Robert Beverley17. _________ was the first to sound the recurring tragic note in Ame rican fiction, whose representative work is ________.A. Washington Irving…the Leather-Stocking TalesB. James Fenimor e Cooper…Sketch BookC. Washington Irving…Sketch BookD. James Fenimore Cooper…the Leather-Stocking Tales18. The first African-American author of importance in the United Sta tes, __________, whose work is a sincere expression; it confronts whi te racism and asserts spiritual equality. Indeed, she was the first t o address such issues confidently in verse, as in "On Being Brought f rom Africa to America":A. Phyllis WheatleyB. Susanna RowsonC Hannah FosterD. Judith Sargent Murray19 .________ ideas centered around art as inspiration, the spiritual and aesthetic dimension of nature, and metaphors of organic growth. A rt, rather than science, Romantics argued, could best express univers al truth…. The development of the self b ecame a major theme; self- a wareness a primary method. If, according to Romantic theory, self and nature were one, self-awareness was not a selfish dead end but a mod e of knowledge opening up the universe. If ones self were one with al l humanity, then the individual had a moral duty to reform social ine qualities and relieve human suffering. The idea of "self" -- which su ggested selfishness to earlier generations -- was redefined. New comp ound words with positive meanings emerged: "self-realization," "self-expression," "self- reliance."A. NeoclassicB. TranscendentalistC. RomanticD. Rational20. The _________movement was a reaction against 18th century rationa lism and a manifestation of the general humanitarian trend of 19th ce ntury thought. The movement was based on a fundamental belief in theunity of the world and God. The soul of each individual was thought t o be identical with the world -- a microcosm of the world itself. The doctrine of self- reliance and individualism developed through the b elief in the identification of the individual soul with God.A. NeoclassicB. TranscendentalistC. RomanticD. Rational21. ________was the first rural artists colony, and the first place t o offer a spiritual and cultural alternative to American materialism. It was a place of high-minded conversation and simple living.A. JamestonB. WashingtonC. ConcordD. San Fransisco22. The British critic Matthew Arnold said the most important writing s in English in the 19th century had been Wordsworths poems and _____ ____ s essays, who edited The Dial . A great prose-poet, he influence d a long line of American poets, including Walt Whitman, Emily Dickin son, Edwin Arlington Robinson, Wallace Stevens, Hart Crane, and Rober t Frost. He is also credited with influencing the philosophies of Joh n Dewey, George Santayana, Friedrich Nietzsche, and William James.A. William Ellery ChanningB. Margaret FullerC. Henry David ThoreauD. Ralph Waldo Emerson23. ________ is the most attractive of the Transcendentalists today b ecause of his ecological consciousness, do-it-yourself independence, ethical commitment to abolitionism, and political theory of civil dis obedience and peaceful resistance. His ideas are still fresh, and his incisive poetic style and habit of close observation are still moder n.A. William Ellery ChanningB. Margaret FullerC. Henry David ThoreauD. Ralph Waldo Emerson24. D.H. Lawrence, the British novelist and poet, accurately called _ ______the poet of the "open road." The poems innovative, unrhymed, fr ee-verse form, open celebration of sexuality, vibrant democratic sens ibility, and extreme Romantic assertion that the poets self was one w ith the poem, the universe, and the reader permanently altered the co urse of American poetry.A. Emily DickensonB. Walt WhitmanC. Henry Wadsworth LongfellowD. James Russell Lowell25. ________, professor of modern languages at Harvard, was the best-known American poet of his day. He was responsible for the misty, ahi storical, legendary sense of the past that merged American and Europe an traditions. He wrote three long narrative poems popularizing nativ e legends in European meters "Evangeline" (1847), "The Song of Hiawat ha" (1855), and "The Courtship of Miles Standish" (1858).A . Emily DickensonB. Walt WhitmanC. Henry Wadsworth LongfellowD. James Russell Lowell26. __________is the Matthew Arnold of American literature. He began as a poet but gradually lost his poetic ability, ending as a respect ed critic and educator. As editor of the Atlantic and co-editor of th e North American Review, he exercised enormous influence.A. James Russell LowellB. Oliver Wendell HolmesC. Henry Wadsworth LongfellowD. Walt Whitman27．The first professional woman journalist of not e in America, ____________wrote influential book reviews and reports on social issues such as the treatment of women prisoners and the ins ane. Some of these essays were published in her book Papers on Litera ture and Art (1846). A year earlier, she had her most significant boo k, Woman in the Nineteenth Century. It originally had appeared in the Transcendentalist magazine, The Dial, which she edited from 1840 to 1842.A. Margaret FullerB. John Greenleaf WhittierC. Oliver Wendell HolmesD. Emily Dickinson28. __________s 1,775 poems continue to intrigue critics, who often d isagree about them. Some stress her mystical side, some her sensitivi ty to nature; many note her odd, exotic appeal. One modern critic, R. P. Blackmur, comments that Dickinsons poetry sometimes feels as if "a cat came at us speaking English." Her clean, clear, chiseled poems a re some of the most fascinating and challenging in American literatur e.A. Margaret FullerB. John Greenleaf WhittierC. Oliver Wendell HolmesD. Emily Dickinson29. The Romantic vision tended to express itself in the form Hawthorne called the "________," a heightened, emotional, and symbolic form of the novel. They were not love stories, but serious novels that used special techniques to communicate complex and subtle meanings.A. FableB. RomanceC. AllegoryD. Novella30. For its time, _________was a daring and even subversive book. Haw thornes gentle style, remote historical setting, and ambiguity soften ed his grim themes and contented the general public, but sophisticate d writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Herman Melville recognized the books "hellish" power. It treated issues that were usually suppre ssed in 19th-century America, such as the impact of the new, liberati ng democratic experience on individual behavior, especially on sexual and religious freedom.A. The House of the Seven GablesB. The Blithedale RomanceC. The Scarlet LetterD. The Marble Faun31.__________ has been called a "natural epic" -- a magnificent drama tization of the human spirit set in primitive nature -- because of it s hunter myth, its initiation theme, its Edenic island symbolism, its positive treatment of pre-technological peoples, and its quest for r ebirth. In setting humanity alone in nature, it is eminently American. The French writer and politician Alexis de Tocqueville had predicted, in the 1835 work Democracy in America, that this theme would arise i n America as a result of its democracy:A.Moby-DickB. TypeeC. The Marble FaunD. The Scarlet Letter32. _______a southerner, shares a darkly metaphysical vision mixed wi th elements of realism, parody, and burlesque. He refined the short s tory genre and invented detective fiction. Many of his stories prefig ure the genres of science fiction, horror, and fantasy so popular tod ay.A. Lydia ChildB. Herman MelvilleC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Edgar Allan Poe33. An activist, ______founded a private girls school, founded and ed ited the first journal for children in the United States, and published the first anti- slavery tract, An Appeal in Favor of that Class of Americans Called Africans, in 1833A. Lydia ChildB. Angelina GrimkéC. Elizabeth Cady StantonD. Sojourner Truth34. __________novel; or, Life Among the Lowly was the most popular Am erican book of the 19th century. First published serially in the Nati onal Era magazine (1851- 1852), it was an immediate success. Forty di fferent publishers printed it in England alone, and it was quickly tr anslated into 20 languages, receiving the praise of such authors as G eorges Sand in France, Heinrich Heine in Germany, and Ivan Turgenev i n Russia. Its passionate appeal for an end to slavery in the United S tates inflamed the debate that, within a decade, led to the U.S. Civi l War (1861-1865).A Lydia Child’s…An Appeal in Favor of that Class of Americans C alled African.B. Harriet Wilson’s…The Womans BibleC. Harriet Beecher Stowes… Uncle Toms CabinD. Harriet Jacobs’s…the Narrative of Sojourner Truth35. ________the most famous black American anti-lavery leader and ora tor of the era._____ is the best and most popular of many "slave narr atives." The slave narrative was the first black literary prose genre in the United States. It helped blacks in the difficult task of esta blishing an African-American identity in white America, and it has co ntinued to exert an important influence on black fictional techniques and themes throughout the 20th century. The search for identity, ang er against discrimination, and sense of living an invisible, hunted, underground life unacknowledged by the white majority have recurred i n the works of such 20th- century black American authors as Richard W right, James Baldwin, Ralph Ellison, and Toni Morrison.A Lydia Child…An Appeal in Favor of that Class of Americans Call ed African..B. Frederick Douglass…Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas sC. Sojourner Truth…the Narrative of Sojourner TruthD. Elizabeth Cady Stanton…The Womans Bible36. Ernest Hemingways famous statement that all of American literature comes from one great book, _________, indicates this authors toweri ng place in the tradition. Early 19th-century American writers tended to be too flowery, sentimental, or ostentatious -- partially because they were still trying to prove that they could write as elegantly a s the English. His style, based on vigorous, realistic, colloquial Am erican speech, gave American writers a new appreciation of their nati onal voice. He was the first major author to come from the interior o f the country, and he captured its distinctive, humorous slang and iconoclasm. For him and other American writers of the late 19th century, realism was not merely a literary technique: It was a way of speakin g truth and exploding worn-out conventions. Thus it was profoundly li berating and potentially at odds with society. The most well-known ex ample is a poor boy who decides to follow the voice of his conscience and help a Negro slave escape to freedom, even though the boy thinks this means that he will be damned to hell for breaking the law.A. Frederick Douglass’ Narrative of the Life of Frederick Dougla ssB. Twains Adventures of Huckleberry FinnC. Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms CabinD. Bret Harte’s The Luck of Roaring Camp37. _______once wrote that art, especially literary art, "makes life, makes interest, makes importance." His fiction and criticism is the most highly conscious, sophisticated, and difficult of its era. With Twain, He is generally ranked as the greatest American novelist of th e second half of the 19th century.A. Edith WhartonB. Stephen CraneC. Henry JamesD. Jack London38. is essentially a literary expression of determinism. Associated with bleak, realistic depictions of lower-class life, determinism den ies religion as a motivating force in the world and instead perceives the universe as a machine. Eighteenth-century Enlightenment thinkers had also imagined the world as a machine, but as a perfect one, inve nted by God and tending toward progress and human betterment. _______ __ imagined society, instead, as a blind machine, godless and out of control.The 19th-century American historian Henry Adams constructed a n elaborate theory of history involving the idea of the dynamo, or ma chine force, and entropy, or decay of force. Instead of progress, Ada ms sees inevitable decline in human society.A. Romanticism…RomanticistsB. Neoclassicism…NeoclassicistsC. Transcendentalism…TranscendentalistD.Naturalism…. Naturalists39. _______is one of the best, if not the earliest, naturalistic Amer ican novels. It is the harrowing story of a poor, sensitive young gir l whose uneducated, alcoholic parents utterly fail her. In love and e ager to escape her violent home life, she allows herself to be seduce d into living with a young man, who soon deserts her. When her self-r ighteous mother rejects her, She becomes a prostitute to survive, but soon commits suicide out of despair. The author’s earthy subject ma tter and his objective, scientific style, devoid of moralizing, earma rk the story as a naturalist work.A. Cranes Maggie: A Girl of the StreetsB. Twains Adventures of Huckleberry FinnC. Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms CabinD. Bret Harte’s The Luck of Roaring Camp40. The autobiographical novel _______ depicts the inner stresses of the American dream as the author experienced them during the meteoric rise from obscure poverty to wealth and fame. The main character, an impoverished but intelligent and hardworking sailor and laborer, is determined to become a writer. Eventually, the writing makes the char acter rich and well-known, but the realizes that the woman he loves c ares only for his money and fame. His despair over her inability to l ove causes him to lose faith in human nature. He also suffers from cl ass alienation, for he no longer belongs to the working class, while he rejects the materialistic values of the wealthy whom he worked so hard to join. He sails for the South Pacific and commits suicide by j umping into the sea. Like many of the best novels of its time, this s tory is an unsuccessful story. It looks ahead to F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby in its revelation of despair amid great wealth.A. Jack LondonB.Martin EdenC. Maggie: A Girl of the StreetsD. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn41.________ displays crushing authority. Its precise details build up an overwhelming sense of tragic inevitability. The novel is a scathi ng portrait of the American success myth gone sour, but it is also a universal story about the stresses of urbanization, modernization, an d alienation. Within it roam the romantic and dangerous fantasies of the dispossessed. The work is a reflection of the dissatisfaction, en vy, and despair that afflicted many poor and working people in Americ as competitive, success-driven society. As American industrial power soared, the glittering lives of the wealthy in newspapers and photogr aphs sharply contrasted with the drab lives of ordinary farmers and c ity workers. The media fanned rising expectations and unreasonable de sires. Such problems, common to modernizing nations, gave rise to muc kraking journalism -- penetrating investigative reporting that docume nted social problems and provided an important impetus to social refo rm.A. Martin EdenB. Maggie: A Girl of the StreetsC. An American TragedyD. A Portrait of a Lady42. Three Midwestern poets who grew up in Illinois and shared the midwestern concern with ordinary people are Carl Sandburg, Vachel Lin dsay, and Edgar Lee Masters. Their poetry often concerns obscure indi viduals; they developed techniques -- realism, dramatic renderings -- that reached out to a larger readership. They are part of the Midwes tern, or ____________that arose before World War I to challenge the E ast Coast literary establishment. The "Chicago Renaissance" was a wat ershed in American culture: It demonstrated that Americas interior ha d matured.Chicago, SchoolA Chicago School.B. Midland SchoolC. Natural SchoolD. New Criticism School43. Two women regional novelists at the turn of the century are __ _____.A Edwin Arlington Robinson and Vachel LindsayB. Ellen Glasgow and Willa CatherC. Edwin Arlington Robinson and Ellen GlasgowD. Willa Cather and Vachel Lindsay44 ________, educator and the most prominent black leader of the p ost-Civil War era, grew up as a slave in Franklin County, Virginia, b orn to a white slave-holding father and a slave mother. His fine, sim ple autobiography, Up From Slavery (1901), recounts his successful st ruggle to better himself. He became renowned for his efforts to impro ve the lives of African-Americans; his policy of accommodation with w hites -- an attempt to involve the recently freed black American in t he mainstream of American society -- was outlined in his famous Atlan ta Exposition Address (1895)..A. Charles Waddell ChesnuttB. James Weldon JohnsonC. W.E.B. Du BoisD. Booker T. Washington45. The large cultural wave of, ______which gradually emerged in E urope and the United States in the early years of the 20th century, e xpressed a sense of a life through art as a sharp break from the past, as well as from Western civilizations classical traditions. Modern l ife seemed radically different from traditional life -- more scientif ic, faster, more technological, and more mechanized.A. NaturalismB. FuturismC. ModernismD.Imagism46.__________ developed an analogue to modern art. A resident of Paris and an art collector (she and her brother Leo purchased works o f the artists Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Pierre Aug uste Renoir, Pab lo Picasso, and many others), She once explained that she and Picasso were doing the same thing, he in art and she in writing. Using simpl e, concrete words as counters, she developed an abstract, experimenta l prose poetry. The childlike quality of her simple vocabulary recall s the bright, primary colors of modern art, while her repetitions ech o the repeated shapes of abstract visual compositions. By dislocating grammar and punctuation, she achieved new "abstract" meanings as in her influential collection Tender Buttons (1914), which views objects from different angles, as in a cubist painting.A. W.E.B. Du BoisB. Willa CatherC. Ellen GlasgowD. Gertrude Stein47. To analyze such modernist novels and poetry, a school of "____ ____" arose in the United States, with a new critical vocabulary. New critics hunted the "epiphany" (moment in which a character suddenly sees the transcendent truth of a situation, a term derived from a hol y saints appearance to mortals); they "examined" and "clarified" a wo rk, hoping to "shed light" upon it through their "insights."A ChicagoB. RenaissanceC. NaturalismD. New Criticism48. _______was one of the most influential American poets of this century. From 1908 to 1920, he resided in London, where he associated with many writers, including William Butler Yeats, for whom he worke d as a secretary. He drastically edited and improved his friend’s fa mous poem. He was a link between the United States and Britain, actin g as contributing editor to Harriet Monroes important Chicago magazin e Poetry and spearheading the new school of poetry known as Imagism, which advocated a clear, highly visual presentation. After Imagism, h e championed various poetic approaches. He eventually moved to Italy, where he became caught up in Italian Fascism.A. Ezra PoundB. Thomas Stearns EliotC. Ellen GlasgowD. Henry James49. As a critic,________is best remembered for his formulation of the "objective correlative," which he described, in The Sacred Wood, as a means of expressing emotion through "a set of objects, a situati on, a chain of events" that would be the "formula" of that particularemotion. Poems such as "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" (1915) embody this approach, when the ineffectual, elderly Prufrock thinks t o himself that he has "measured out his life in coffee spoons," using coffee spoons to reflect a humdrum existence and a wasted lifetime.A. Ezra PoundB. Thomas Stearns EliotC. Robert FrostD. Henry James50. A charismatic public reader,________ was renowned for his tour s. He read an original work at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy in 1961 that helped spark a national interest in poetry. His popularity is easy to explain: He wrote of traditional farm life, app ealing to a nostalgia for the old ways. His subjects are universal -- apple picking, stone walls, fences, country roads. Frosts approach w as lucid and accessible: He rarely employed pedantic allusions or ell ipses. His frequent use of rhyme also appealed to the general audienc e.A. William Carlos WilliamsB. Robinson JeffersC. Robert FrostD. Wallace Stevens51. A painter,_______ was the first American poet to recognize tha t poetry had become primarily a visual, not an oral, art; his poems u sed much unusual spacing and indentation, as well as dropping all use of capital letters.A. Edward Estlin CummingsB. Hart CraneC. Marianne MooreD. Langston Hughes52. _______embraced African- American jazz rhythms and was one of the first black writers to attempt to make a profitable career out of his writing. He incorporated blues, spirituals, colloquial speech, a nd folkways in his poetry. An influential cultural organizer, He publ ished numerous black anthologies and began black theater groups in Lo s Angeles and Chicago, as well as New York City. He also wrote effect ive journalism, creating the character Jesse B. Semple ("simple") to express social commentary. One of his most beloved poems, "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" (1921, 1925), embraces his African -- and universal -- heritage in a grand epic catalogueA. Weldon JohnsonB. Claude McKayC. Countee CullenD. Langston Hughes。