船舶常用英语(一)汇总一、船舶类型常用英语ship, vessel 船，船舶boat, craft 艇sampan舢板, 小船manpowered boat人力船sailor; sailing boat 帆船motor sailor 机帆船power-driven ship 机动船paddle steamer, paddle wheel vessel 明轮船screw ship; propeller vessel 螺旋桨船airscrew ship; aerial propeller vessel 空气螺旋桨船hovercraft; aircushioncraft 气垫船hydrofoil水翼船hydrojet propelled boat, water jet boat 喷水船steamship; steamer 蒸汽机船motor ship 内燃机船diesel ship 柴油机船electrically-propelledship 电力推进船steam turbine ship 汽轮机船gas turbine ship 燃气轮机船nuclear-power ship核动力船deck ship 甲板船flush deck ship 平甲板船raised quarter-deck shipcargo liner 定期货船tramp ship 不定期货船container ship 集装箱船full-containership 全集装箱船semi-containership 半集装箱船multi-purposecontainer ship 多用途集装箱船general cargo ship/vessel/carrier杂货船bulk (cargo) carrier 散货船ore carrier 矿砂船grain carrier 运粮船coal carrier; coaler 运煤船lumber(timber)carrier运木船cattle carrier 运牲畜船multi-purpose ship多用途船liquid cargo ship 液体货货船chemical tank 化学品液货船liquid chemical tanker 液体化学品船liquefied gas carrier 液化气体船liquefied petroleum gas tanker (LPG) 液化石油气运输船liquefied natural gas tanker (LNG) 液化天然气运输船tanker; oil tanker 油轮super tanker 超级油轮VLCC (very large crude carrier) (吨位在20万至30 万吨之间的) 巨型油轮ULCC (ultra-large crude carrier) (吨位在30万至50万吨之间的) 超巨型油船refrigerated ship; cold storage ship 冷藏船roll-on/roll-off ship(RO/RO ship) 滚装船ferry渡船passenger ferry 旅客渡船freight ferry 货物渡船fishing vessel(boat) 渔轮trawler拖网渔轮barge carrier; lighter aboard ship(LASH)载驳船barge; lighter 驳船deck barge 甲板驳well-deck barge 半舱驳double shell barge 双壳驳single side barge 单舷长大舱口驳oil barge 油驳container barge 集装箱驳船RO/RO barge 滚装驳船liquefied gas barge 液化气体驳hopper barge 开底泥驳split hopper barge 对开泥驳pusher; pushboat 顶推船；推船working ship 工程船tug; tugboat; towboat 拖船harbor tug 港作拖船rescue tug 救助拖轮salvage ship 救捞船dredger挖泥船trailing suction dredge 耙吸挖泥船cutter suction dredger 绞吸挖泥船bucket wheel dredger 斗轮挖泥船bucket dredger链斗挖泥船reclamation craft 吹泥船grab dredger 抓斗挖泥船dipper dredger 铲斗挖泥船floating pitter; drive pitter 打桩船floating crane; derrick boat 起重船floating dock 浮船坞cable layer; cable ship 布缆船scientific surveying ship 科学考察船research ship 科学调查船oceanographic research vessel 海洋调查船surveying ship 测量船ice-breaker破冰船pontoon 浮舟; 浮桥; 趸船, 浮码头high speed craft 高速船passenger catamaran 双体客船vehicle ferry catamaran 双体车辆渡船vehicle-passenger ferry catamaran 双体车客渡船pontoon catamaran 双体趸船二、船舶结构常用英语center line 中心线，中线athwartships 横对船体（与船首尾线直交）bevel斜角；斜面base line 基线amidships 在船中部；在纵中线上designed waterline breadth 设计水线宽designed waterline length 设计水线长draft吃水former/aft draft 首/尾吃水draft figures 吃水尺度intersection 交点；交叉；横断面knuckle折角线length between perpendicular 垂线间长length overall 总长load waterline length 满载水线长register length (breadth;depth) 登记长度（宽度、深度）freeboard干舷rise of floor (dead; rise) 舭高；船底loadlinemark载重水线标记fresh water load line (F.) 淡水载重线fresh water timber load line (L.F.) 淡水木材载重线tropical fresh water load line (TF) 热带淡水载重线tropical load line (T) 热带载重线summer load line(S) 夏季载重线summer freshwater load line(F) 夏季淡水载重线winter load line(W) 冬季载重线winter North Atlantic load line(WNA) 冬季北大西洋载重线even keel （首尾）等吃水，平载extreme breadth 最大宽度floatable length 可浸长度sheer at forward (after) perpendicular 首尾舷弧sheer line 舷弧线accommodation居住舱室accommodation deck 起居舱室；旅客甲板accommodation ladder舷梯accommodation ladder platform 舷梯平台accommodation laddermanrope 舷梯扶索after body 后（部船）体after peak bulkhead 艉尖舱舱壁after peak tank 艉尖舱air hole 空气孔air pipe 空气管appendage （船体水线下的）附体；附件auxiliary machinery 辅助机械；辅机balanced rudder 平衡舵ballast压载（物）ballast line 压载水管系ballast pump 压载水泵ballast pumping system 压载水系统ballast tank(water) 压载舱（水）batten 板条；压条（封仓用）batten-ceiling （货舱内）护舱条，护板beam横梁beam bracket 梁肘板bearding 交合线，榫（艏柱或艉柱上）bending moment 弯矩bilge 舭部；舱底；（船底）污水沟bilge bracket 舭肘板bilge keel(chock, piece) 舭龙骨bilge knee 舭肘板bilge line 舭水管系bilge main 舭水总管bilge pipe (suction) 舭吸水管bilge pump 舭水泵bilge strake(plate) 舭列板bilge well 污水井bitt系缆桩bollard 系缆桩；系船柱；双系柱bolster枕垫bonnet烟囱帽；机罩boom 杆；吊杆；桁；叉架boom crutch(support; rest) 吊杆支架bossing 尾管突出部；轴包套bottom frame 船底横骨bottom longitudinal 船底纵骨bottom plate 船底板bow船首，船头bow fender 艏护垫bow flare 艏部外飘bow thruster 首侧推器bracket 肘板；（三角）拖架breakwater挡浪板bridge桥；桥楼；驾驶台bulb angle 圆头角材bulbous bow 球形船首，球鼻首bulb stern 球形船尾bulkhead舱壁bulkhead plating 舱壁板bulkhead stiffener 舱壁扶强材bulwark舷墙bulwark plating 舷墙板bulwark stay舷墙扶强材bunker tank 燃料舱bushing衬套butt端接；残片butt joint(seam) 平接缝butt riveting 对接铆butt welding 对接焊butterfly clip 蝴蝶夹bypass valve 旁通阀cable stopper 止链器camber翘曲camber of beam 梁拱第 11 页共 45 页cant beam 斜梁cant bracket 斜角板cant frame 斜肋骨cantilever悬臂梁capstan绞盘；绞缆机cargo batten 货舱护板cargo block 吊货滑车cargo port 装货舷梯，舷门cat walk （油轮上的）天桥，步桥center girder 中底桁center strake 中央内底板chafing plate防擦板chafing ring 防擦环chain lock(well) 锚链舱chain pipe 锚链管chain stopper 止链器chock导缆器；垫木clamp plate 夹板，压板cleat 羊角；系绳铁栓；防滑条coaming围板；舱口围板cofferdam隔离舱collar plate 封板collision bulkhead 船首舱壁；防撞舱壁第 12 页共 45 页companion way(hatch) 升降口corrugated bulkhead 槽形舱壁corrugation皱；槽形；波形cross deck structure 舱间甲板结构crossing strength member 交叉强力构件cruiser stern 巡洋舰型船尾curtain plate 幕板cut out 开口；切davit吊艇架；吊艇柱deck甲板deck beam 甲板横梁deckhouse甲板室deck line 甲板线deck longitudinal 甲板纵骨deck stringer(plate) 甲板边板deep tank 深舱derrick吊杆diaphragm隔板double bottom 双层底doubling plate 双层焊合板drain hole 排水孔duct keel 箱形龙骨dunnage 垫舱（物料）；衬垫第 13 页共 45 页dunnage wood 垫木dynamic load 动载荷end bracket 端肘板escape trunk （船内）应急通道engine bed 机座engine casing 机舱围壁escape scuttle （船内）应急出口escape vent 脱险口expansion joint 伸缩接头expansion trunk(tank) （油船）膨胀深井extension bracket 延伸肘板face plate面板fender碰垫；护舷材fender bar 护舷条fair lead 导缆器flame screen 防焰罩flange折边flanged bracket 折边肘板flat keel 平板龙骨floor肋板folding door 折门forecastle deck 艏楼甲板fore peak tank （船的）首舱；前尖舱第 14 页共 45 页forward perpendicular 首垂线foundation底座frame肋骨frame number 肋骨跨数frame space 肋距freeing port 甲板排水孔；放水孔gangway (gang ladder or gang board) 舷梯gasket 垫圈，垫料（集）密封垫general service pipe (G.S pump) 通用泵，总用泵girder桁材gooseneck(parity iron) 鹅颈头；吊杆弯头grating格子板；滑铁板ground tackle 锚泊索具gunwale舷缘；舷边gunwale angle 舷边角钢gunwale bar 舷边角材gunwale railing 舷边栏杆gunwale tank 舷侧水柜（甲板下）gusset角板；扣板gutter （甲板）水沟；槽沟gutter angle; waterway angle （舷侧）排水沟角钢gypsy 绞筒（锚机绞车上的）第 15 页共 45 页handrail舷墙扶手hanging rudder; hinged rudder 吊舵；悬舵hatch; hatchway; hatch opening 舱口hatch bar 封舱压条hatch batten 舱口边压条hatch beam (web) 舱口大梁hatch booby 活动舱口盖hatch coaming 舱口板hatch cover 舱口盖hatch end beam 舱口端梁hatch moulding 舱口椽材hatch side girder舱口纵桁hatch tarpaulin 盖舱布hatch trunk 舱口围阱hawse pipe 锚链管hawser绳索；大缆heel踵材；横倾hinged cover(door) 铰链盖（门）hold货舱hold beam 舱内梁hold frame 舱内肋骨hold ladder 舱内梯hold stanchion(pillar) 舱内支柱第 16 页共 45 页hold stringer 舱内纵桁hopper漏斗；开舱泥驳hopper tank 底边舱hopper tank sloping plating 底边舱斜板horizontal margin plate 水平内底板horizontal girder 水平桁horizontal stiffener 水平扶强材（防挠材）hull船壳，船体hull construction 船体结构hull plating 船壳板hull strength 船体强度inner bottom 内底inner bottom plating 内底板insert plate 嵌板；衬板jack千斤顶jack ladder 绳梯Jacob's ladder 软梯；绳梯Joggled joint 折接；弯合joggling machine 折曲机keel龙骨keelblock龙骨墩keel line 龙骨线；艏艉线keel plate第 17 页共 45 页龙骨板keel rail （救生艇）艇底把手keelson内龙骨kingpost起重柱；将军柱knee肘板；弯头knee of the deck 甲板梁肘板lightening hole 减轻孔lignum vitae 铁梨木local strength 局部强度local stress 局部应力longitudinal纵骨；纵材；纵桁longitudinal bulkhead 纵舱壁longitudinal bending纵向弯曲longitudinal framing system 纵骨架式longitudinal strength 纵向强度lug耳板main deck 主甲板main frame 主肋骨manhole人孔man hole door 人孔盖man hole coaming 人孔围板moment of inertia 惯性矩margin plate 内底边板molded breadth 型宽第 18 页共 45 页molded depth 型深mooring hole 导缆孔mooring post 系缆柱；岸柱mud box 泥箱non-return valve 止回阀non-watertight bulkhead 非水密舱壁notch 切口；槽口；刻痕oscillating load 振动负荷parallel middle body 平行中体panel stiffener 板格扶强材panting arrangement 防挠振结构panting beam防挠振梁panting stringer 防挠振纵桁pillar支柱；墩pintle舵销plane bulkhead 平面舱壁plane keel 平板龙骨pump room 泵舱helm(rudder) pintle 舵销horizontal margin plate 水平内底边板out bottom plating 外底板platform平台plating壳板第 19 页共 45 页plimsoll mark 载重线标志poop艉楼；船尾poop deck 艉楼甲板port 舷门；舱门；（装货）口；窗；门；孔porthole 舷窗；（装货）舷门propeller; propellor 推进器；螺旋桨propeller aperture 螺旋桨空间propeller boss(bub) 螺旋桨毂propeller shaft 艉轴racking（船体）横向挠度rail扶手；栏杆rolling横摇round of beam 梁拱round stern 圆（船）尾rudder舵rudder carrier 舵托rudder casing 舵杆管rudder pintle 舵针；舵栓rudder plate; rudder blade 舵叶；舵板rudder post 舵柱rudder stock 舵杆rudder trunk 舵杆围壁；舵杆管rung （梯子）踏步；横档第 20 页共 45 页scallop扇形开孔scantling构件尺寸scantling of the structure 结构尺寸scarf; scarph 嵌接处；斜面；斜接scarf joint 斜（嵌）接scarf weld （斜面）焊接scarfing bracket 嵌接肘板scupper排水孔scupper pipe 排水管scuttle 舷窗；人孔（盖）；小舱口盖seam焊缝；接缝section剖面section modulus 剖面模数semi-balanced rudder半平衡舵shaft轴shaft bracket 轴架shaft tube; stern tube 艉轴管shaft tunnel(alley; passage;trunk) 轴隧；地轴弄shedder plate 泄板；斜板sheer舷弧；偏航sheer strake 舷顶列板shell船壳；壳shell frame 舷侧肋骨shell plating 船壳板；外板shell strake; outside plating 船体外板shelter deck 遮蔽甲板shifting beam 活动舱口梁shifting board (or plank) 止移板（散装谷类）；防动板side girder 旁桁材side longitudinal 舷侧纵骨side plating 舷侧外板side strake 舷侧列板single bottom 单层底skid护舷木；垫板skylight天窗slanting plate 斜板slop tank 污油水舱sloping plate 斜板sloping plate longitudinal 斜板纵骨slot槽；开缝sluice水密门；水闸sluice valve 闸阀sniped end 削斜端soft toe 软趾solid floor 实肋板sounding pipe测量管；测深管stabilizer减摇装置stabilizing tank 减摇水舱staging 构架；台架；脚手架stanchion支柱；栏杆柱static load 静载荷stay 支柱；撑条；支索stay bar(or rod) 撑杆stay plate 撑板stem艏；艏柱；艏材stem post 艏柱stern船尾，艉部stern counter 船尾突出体stern shaft; propeller shaft 艉轴stern poop 艉楼stern post 尾柱stiffener 防挠材；扶强材；加固物stool托架，座，凳strake列板strength calculation 强度计算strength deck 强力甲板stringer纵桁stringer plate 甲板边板structural member构件structural strength 结构强度strum box （舱底水）过滤箱strut 撑材，支柱，轴架stuffing box 填料箱superstructure上层建筑tail (end) shaft 艉轴tarpaulin 防水油布，帆布，舱盖布thrust bearing(block) 推力轴承thrust shaft collars 推力环tieplate 带板，牵板，连接板topside tank 顶边舱；上边柜topside tank sloping plating 顶边舱斜板torsion扭转torsion strength 扭转强度transom stern 方形船尾transverse横梁，横材transverse bulkhead 横舱壁transverse frame 横肋骨，横框transverse framing system 横骨架式transverse ring 横环transverse strength 横向强度tripping bracket 防倾肘板tween deck 中间甲板tween deck frame 甲板间肋骨twisting distortion 扭转变形twisting moment 扭转力矩tunnel 轴隧，隧道，风筒tunnel escape 轴隧应急出口tunnel shaft bearing 中间轴支撑轴承ullage pipe (port) 油位测定管（孔）ullage space 空挡空间upper deck 上甲板upper (reverse) frame 内底横骨upper (lower) shelf plate上（下）支架板upper (lower) stool 上（下）托架ventilator通风筒vertical ballast trunk 竖向压载通道vertical girder 竖桁warping chocks 滚轮导缆钳wash bulkhead 可荡舱壁，挡水舱壁watertight bulkhead 水密舱壁watertight deck 水密门weather deck 露天甲板web beam 强横梁，桁板横梁web frame 加强肋骨，框架肋骨，桁板肋骨web plate 腹板wedge楔木，楔子winch起货机winch-head绞车卷筒windlass起锚机wing tank 翼舱，翼柜wire clip 钢缆夹wire reel 卷缆车，钢丝滚筒三、船舶材料及工艺常用英语A.Shipbuilding material(造船材料)T-bar T型钢Z-bar Z型钢I-Bar 工字钢channel bar 槽钢angle steel 角钢equal angle steel 等边角钢unequal angle steel 不等边角钢offset bulb plate 球扁钢flat plate 钢板round steel 圆钢half round steel 半圆钢steel pipe 钢管alloy steel 合金钢special steel 特种钢tempering steel 回火钢材low carbon steel 低碳钢high tensile steel 高强度钢copper 紫铜brass 黄铜aluminum alloy 铝合金stainless steel 不锈钢mechanical property 机械性能tensile test 拉伸试验bend test 弯曲试验impact test 冲击试验torsion test 扭转试验torsion strength 抗扭强度torsional deflection 扭转；扭转变形tensile strength 拉伸强度yield strength 屈服强度yield point 屈服点yield stress 屈服应力elastic limit 弹性极限ultimate strength 极限强度ultimate tensile stress 极限拉伸应力elasticity 弹性ductility 延展性，可塑（锻）性flexibility 挠性，柔性，易弯性toughness 韧性brittleness 脆性friability 易碎性hardness 硬度rigidity 刚性，稳定性heat treatment 热处理quench 淬火normalising 正火annealing 退火hardening 硬化，淬火tempering 回火casting 铸件，铸造forging 锻件，锻造pickling 酸洗ship timber 船用木材lignumvitae 铁梨木three-plywood 三夹板asbestos 石棉asbestos cloth 石棉布asbestos board 石棉板asbestos sheet 石棉纸asbestos cord 石棉绳asbestos paint 石棉涂料fiberglass 玻璃丝plastics 塑料resin 树脂rubber 橡皮painting 油漆cladding 镀层，表面处理coating 涂层，敷料corrosion 腐蚀，侵蚀wastage 损耗，蚀耗wear and tear 蚀损，磨损fracture 裂纹fatigue fracture 疲劳裂纹hairline fracture 发式裂纹buckling 皱折deformation 变形deflection, deflexion 挠曲flexion 弯曲lamellar tearing 层间撕裂rust 铁锈scale 锈皮pitting 点蚀，锈斑indent 凹痕，凹陷groove 槽沟detachment 脱开，脱焊rupture 断裂，破裂cropping 割掉renewal 换新descale 除锈grind 磨平be veed out 刨除alignment 对准，校直snip 剪断，剪片taper 削斜，斜度B.Shipbuildingworkmanship （造船工艺）Working drawing 施工图end elevation 后面图front elevation 正面图side elevation 侧面图plane 平面图lines plan 型线图plan of waterlines 水线图general arrangement plan 总布置图construction plan 结构图damage plan 损坏示意图shell expansion plan 外板展开图docking plan 进坞图framing plan 船体构架图inboard profile plan 纵剖面图midship section plan 舯剖面图loaded waterline plane 满载水线图half breadth plan 半宽水线图stowage plan 配载图laying off lofting 放样mold loft floor 放样台mold loft 放样间template 样板mold loft batten, template batten 木样条evolute 展开线allowance 余量assembly 装配subassembly 分段装配subdivision length 分段长度shipbuilding tolerance 造船公差building berth 船台building dock 干坞slip dock 湿坞marine slipway, railway dry dock 船排marine slipway cradle 船排支架building block, stocks 枕木launch 下水launching ways 下水滑道launching grade 下水坡度launching cradle 下水架end launching 纵向下水side way launching 横向下水hydraulic press 水压机flanging machine 折边机plate bending machine 弯板机angle cutter 角钢切断机planing machine 刨边机shearing machine 剪床guillotine shear 龙门剪床oxy-acetylene welding 氧-乙炔焊co2gas welding 二氧化碳气体焊arc welding 电弧焊unionmelt welding 埋弧自动焊fusion welding 熔焊fillet welding 角焊flat seam 对接缝butt joint welding 对接焊intermittent welding 间断焊；断续焊staggered intermittent welding 交错断续焊缝lap weld 搭接焊slot weld 槽焊；长孔焊plug weld 塞焊；圆孔焊run of welding 焊道welding torch 焊炬welding rod 焊条flux 焊药filler metal; deposited metal 熔敷金属welding stress 焊接应力welding procedure 焊接方法welding throat 焊喉cutting torch 割炬acetylene generator 乙炔发生器slag 熔渣undercut （焊接）咬边；根切hydraulic test 水压试验pressure test 压力试验flooding test 灌水试验hose test 冲水试验oil tight test 油密试验purchase trial 交船试验四、船舶性能常用英语angle of vanishing stability 稳性消失角buoyancy 浮性buoyancy curve 浮力曲线capsizing lever, upsetting lever 倾覆力臂capsizing moment, upsetting moment倾覆力矩center of buoyancy 浮心center of floatation 漂心center of gravity 重心curve of areas of waterplanes 水线面积曲线curve of section areas 横剖面面积曲线curve of volumes of displacement 排水量曲线dynamical stability（curve）动稳性（曲线）entrance angle 进水角floodable length 可浸长度force of buoyancy, buoyant force 浮力free surface 自由液面heaving 垂荡heeling angle 横倾角heeling moment 横倾力矩hogging 中拱hogging condition 中拱状态hogging moment(stress) 中拱力矩（应力）hydrostatic curves 静水力曲线initial metacenter 初稳心initial stability 初稳性insubmersibility 抗沉性longitudinal inclination;list; heel 纵倾longitudinal stability 纵稳性panting （波浪对船体的）冲击period of rolling 横摇周期pitching 纵摇pounding 波浪冲击maneuverability 操纵性margin line 限界线metacenter 稳心moment to change trim one centimeter 每厘米纵倾力矩permissible length 许可长度potential head 势头pressure head 压头restoring moment, righting moment 复原力矩restoring lever, righting lever 复原力臂rolling 横摇sagging 中垂sagging condition 中垂状态sagging moment(stress) 中垂力矩（应力）seaworthiness 适航性stability 稳性stability at large angles 大倾角稳性stability criterion numeral 稳性横准数static head 静压头（力）statical stability (curve) 静稳性（曲线）surging 纵荡swaying 横荡tons per centimeter of immersion 每厘米吃水吨数total head (pressure) 总压头（力）transverse inclination, trim 纵倾transverse (longitudinal) metacenter 横（纵）稳心transverse (longitudinal) stability 横（纵）稳性trim by the bow (stern) 首（尾）倾turning quality (circle) 回转性（圈）velocity head 速头weigh curve 重力曲线yawing 艏摇五、船体检验常用英语THE DESCRIPTION OF DAMAGEA.General descriptions1.in good condition情况良好2.in poor condition情况欠佳3.in bad condition 情况不佳，情况不良4.in a neglectedcondition 缺乏保养5.not properly serviced未经正常保养6.not properly cleaned未经正常清洁7.not properly protected未经正常保护8.not properly insulated未经正常隔热（或电气绝缘）9.not properly adjusted未经正常校正10.defective 有缺陷的（失效）11.damaged损坏damaged beyondrepair 损坏了无法修复12.failed (in failure)失效13.cut of order (in trouble)故障out of action 停止工作（作用），不是指故障14.in disorder 零乱（船属具零乱了）15.not working 不能工作16.inoperative 不能工作（失效）unworkable, inoperable 指本身不能工作，在损坏状况判断中不能使用17.out of function 不能工作，失去作用，不起作用18.unserviceable (useless)不能使用（指必须换新的损坏部件）19.could not bestarted(failed to start)不能启动20.empty 空的21.fitted incorrectly安装不正确（指小型的装置设备）installed incorrectly 安装不正确（指较大的装置设备）22.dangerousaccumulation ofinflammable vapors可燃气体危险集积it was obvious that this state had existedfor a considerable time（损坏）状况是长期存在的23.sluggish in (action,answering) （动作、应答）迟钝B.Deficiencies1.no…fitted,no…provided 未装2.no…available未备有3.missing遗失4.incomplete 不齐全，不完整5.deficient不足，缺少6.insufficient不足7.neglected遗漏8.omitted遗漏，省去9.removed移开，拆走10.washed overboard冲走11.dropped跌落12.fitted with wrong ….(size, material,devices…)错用（尺寸，材料，仪器）C.Tightness, stains, lossof etc.1.Leaking漏2.infiltrating (seeping)渗漏3.weeping泪滴4.sweating汗滴5.not watertight不水密6.loss of watertightness失去水密性（比5好）7.loss of airtightness失去气密性8.loss of oiltightness失去油密性9.escaping of cool逃冷10.loss of lub-oil pressure滑油压力降低11.loss of water pressure水压力降低12.oil polluted油污染13.oil soaked油浸14.water soaked水浸15.water stained水渍16.oil stained油渍17.rust in patches锈斑18.verdigris in patches铜绿斑19.water marks水渍D.Crack, score, breaketc.1.scuffed 拉毛（仅从反光上可观察到）2.chafed擦痕3.scored 拉痕（痕较chafed深）4.scratched 抓痕（硬拉过的痕）5.scraped 刮痕（长期运行刮的痕）6.grooved 槽痕（比pitting深）7.ridged 凸起雷治痕（环状的痕）8.cracked裂痕hair crack 发痕surface crack 表面裂痕through crack 穿透裂痕non-through crack 未穿透裂痕9.chapped龟裂，折裂10.fractured折裂11.broken off 破掉（破裂后跌落）broken 破裂，破碎12.holed穿洞13.holed & flooded破洞浸水14.opened开口15.bent弯曲16.canted倾斜17.buckled皱折18.warped翘起，翘曲19.indented (dented)凹痕，凹陷（指船壳板在两档肋位间的凹陷）20.set in 凹陷（指船壳板较大面积的凹陷）21.waved波曲22.curled 卷曲（指绳索）23.rumpled 褶皱（指垫片）24.bulged 鼓起，凸出25.collapsed 倾陷，倾倒26.ruptured毁损27.torn off撕破torn拉脱28.pierced刺破29.peeled 剥皮（油漆剥落）30.burst 爆破（指高压管路）31.blown off (packing)吹脱32.distorted 扭曲，歪扭33.engine break-down因故障机器突然停车E.Corrosion, seizing,choking etc.1.corrosion腐蚀2.wasted耗油3.deteriorated蚀薄4.thinned变薄5.pitted麻点6.eroded侵蚀7.rusted生锈8.rotten （木、橡胶）腐烂、腐坏9.decayed （电缆）腐烂、腐坏10. aerated（橡胶、电缆）腐烂、腐坏11. aged老化12. seized咬住13. seized by corrosion锈死14. stuck （粘）咬住15. rust-jammed锈轧16. fouled拥塞17. clogged堵塞（常指管子的堵塞）18. blocked阻塞19. gagged塞口20. foul & dirty闭塞21. blanked封没22. plugged闭塞23. choked 卡住，阻塞F.Wear, loose, clearanceetc.1.Loose松动2.starting（铆钉）松动3.slack松动slack back松出4.worn磨损5.worn cut evenly均匀磨损6.worn cut unevenly不均匀磨损7.worn on one side单边磨损8.worn outsymmetrically 对称磨损9.distorted （轴线弯曲并扭转）扭曲10.sprung（铆钉）扭歪11.twisted （轴线未弯、纯扭转）扭转12.excess clearance间隙过大13.excess backlash齿隙过大14.excess vibration振动过大15.excess noise level噪音过大16.loose engagement啮合太松17.loose connection接头松动18.tooth齿worn out 磨损chopped off 崩缺fractured折断19.knocking敲击knocking cylinder 敲缸knocking valve gear 伐件敲缸knocking bearing 轴承敲缸20.bearing metal轴承合金detached脱壳cracked开裂wiped铺铅belted熔化oil groove blocked 油槽堵塞21.out off roundness失圆22.out off alignment拉线不直23.off-centering偏心24.deflected偏斜G.Burning, heating, etc.1.Sparking火花2.arcking (arcing)电弧mutator整流器scored拉痕burnt烧坏worn 磨耗，磨损uneven不平sparking火花blackened发黑rough粗糙mica undercut弧坑4.brush set incorrectly碳刷安装不正确5.scorched烤焦6.coked结焦7.charred结碳8.overheated过热9.broken down击穿10. short-circuit短路11. setting incorrect 整定值不正确12. tripped incorrect脱扣不正常13. batteriescompletely discharged（电）完全发光undercharged未充满overcharged充电过量dry water水干第 41 页共 45 页A. Remove, crop etc.1.Removed拆下2.removed & replaced拆装3.removed, faired &replaced拆装拷平4.cropped & renewed割换（管、板、栏杆）5.partly renewed部分换新6.partly cropped &renewed 部分割换7.cut off割除8.faired拷平9.faired on原地拷平10.faired in place原地拷平11.straightened拷直、校直12.dismantle 拆卸（某一零件）13.disassembled拆散（解体）14.stripped 拆除（某一部件）15.unshipped拆下16.disconnected 断开（线、管接头）17.opened打开18.lifted抬升、举起19.jacked 顶起（用千斤顶顶起）20.replaced (by, with)换用21.patch贴补B.Fit, scrape, grind etc.1.fitted & scraped拂刮第 42 页共 45 页2.fitted & ground拂磨3.scraped & ground刮磨4.made to fit 拂合（装配好）5.run to fit 跑合（运动磨合）6.ground round磨圆7.ground smooth磨光8.ground & reamed磨绞9.bored round镗圆10.planed smooth刨光11.polished抛光12.machined光车13.skimmed光刀14.finish machined精加工15.rough machine粗加工C.Re-metal, adjust,check etc1.Remetalled重浇白合金2.re-babbitted重浇白合金（专指巴氏合金）3.pulled out拉出4.drawn out抽出5.taken out取出6.adjusted调整，校正adjusted for alignment 校正拉线adjusted true第 43 页共 45 页校正拉线adjusted for clearance 校正间隙adjusted for centering 校中adjusted for deflection 校偏7.checked检查checked for roundness 检查圆度checked for insulation resistance 检查绝缘电阻checked for centering检查中心位置checked for alignment 检查拉线checked for clearance 检查间隙8.cleaned清洁9.wire-scrubbed 钢丝刷（除锈）10.chipped & scraped拷锈（油漆）11.measured & recorded测量并记录12.logged (hourly)记录（小时）D.weld, rivet, wind etc.1.repaired by welding电焊修理2.welded补焊、焊接3.closed up by welds（面积、深度、高度较大）焊补4.built up by welds堆焊5.plug welded塞焊6.spot welded点焊7.butt welded对接焊第 44 页共 45 页8 tackweld 点焊、平头焊、定位焊第 45 页共 45 页。