1 八年级下册知识要点 Unit 1 What’s the matter? 一、重点词组 1. 感冒have/catch/get a cold= have the flu 2. 胃痛have a stomachache 3. 发烧have a fever 4. 头痛have a headache 5. 躺下(休息)lie down (and rest) 6. 量体温take one’s temperature 7. 下车get off 上车get on 8. 使…惊奇的是to one’s surprise 9. 立刻，马上right away= at once 10. 陷入，参与get into 11. 冒险take risks(take a risk) 12. 习惯于做某事be/ get used to doing sth. 13. 用完，耗尽run out of= use up 14. 切除cut off 15. 作出决定make decisions(make a decision) 16. 离开，从…出来get out of 17. 掌控，掌管be in control of 18. 放弃give up 19. 休息take/ have brakes(take/ have a brake) =take/have rests(take/have a rest) 20. 拍片get/ take an X-ray 21. 幸亏，由于thanks to 22. 及时in time 23. 摔倒，跌倒fall down 24. 登山mountain climbing(n.词组) climb the mountain(v.词组) 二、词形转换 1. head (n)头----(n)headache头疼 2. stomach (n)胃,肚子----(n)stomachache胃疼 3. tooth (n)牙齿----(n)toothache牙疼 4. she她---(反身代词)herself她自己 5. we 我们----(反身代词)ourselves 6. climb (v)爬----(n)climber登山者 7. knife (n)小刀-----(pl.)knives 8. foot (n)脚，足 ----(pl)feet 9. decide (v)决定----(n)decision决定 10. mean (v)意思是,打算 ----(n)meaning 11. die (v)死----(n)death 死亡12. important (adj)重要的----(n)importance重要性 三、同义词、固定搭配 1. What’s the matter with…? = What’s the trouble/ problem with …? = What’s wrong with …? 怎么啦？ 2. run out of = use up 用完，用尽 3. have problems doing sth = have trouble doing sth 做某事有困难 4. be used to doing sth = get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 5. give up doing sth 放弃做某事 6. mind doing sth 介意做某事 7. without doing sth 没有做某事 8. hurt oneself 伤着自己 9. cut oneself 划（割）伤自己 10. think about/ of oneself 为自己考虑（着想） 11. by oneself 单独、独自 12.hot tea with honey 放蜂蜜的热茶 13. agree to do sth. 同意做某事 14. be ready to do sth 准备做某事 15. see / hear sb doing sth 看到（听到）某人正在做某事 （表示动作正在进行） see/ hear sb do sth 看到（听到）某人做某事 （表示动作全过程） On my way to school, I saw a child crying in the street. 2

Unit 2 I will help to clean up the city parks. 一、重点词组 1. 打扫、清除clean up= clean out 2. 使变得更高兴cheer up= make sb. happier 3. 分发give out=hand out 4. 想出、提出come up with=think up/ of 5. 推迟put of (doing sth.) 6. 打电话给call up= ring up 7. 照顾、关爱care for= look after= take care of 8. 曾经，过去常常used to do sth. 9. 修理fix up=repair=mend 10. 参加…选拔try out 11. 赠送、捐赠give away 12.（外貌、行为）像take after 13. 建立、设立set up 14. 残疾人disabled people 15. 无家可归的人homeless people 16. 影响、有作用make a difference to sb. sth. 17. 食品库food bank 18. 清洁日Clean-Up Day 19. 养老院the old people’s home 20. 兽医animal doctor 21. 理想的工作dream job(可数) 22. 满足感feeling of satisfaction 23. 与……相似be similar to 24. 改变某人的生活change one’s life 二、词形转换 1. feel (v) ---- (n)feeling感觉，感触 2. satisfy (v)----(n)satisfaction满足，满意 3. own (v)----(n)owner物主，所有者 4. break(v)---(adj)broken破损的 5. able(adj) ---(adj)disabled丧失能力的6. difficult (adj)--(n)difficulty困难，难题 7. train (v)-----(n)training训练，培训 8. excite (v) ----(adj)excited/exciting 9. kind (adj)----(n)kindness仁慈，善良10. understand (v) ----(过去式)understood 三、同义词、固定搭配 1. clean out = clean up打扫；清除 2. come up with = think up / of想出，提出 3. give out = hand out分发；散发 4. give away = give … to 赠送；捐赠 5. difficulty = trouble / problem困难，难题 6. clever = smart聪明的 7. fix up = repair / mend修理；修补8. cheer sb up = make sb happier 9. put off doing sth 推迟做某事 10. learn to do sth 学会做某事 11. stop doing sth 停止做某事 stop to do sth 停下来做某事 12. volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事 13. a good way to do sth 一个做某事的好方法

14. be worried about doing sth 为做某事而担心 12. a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一个朋友 13. be able to do sth 能做某事 be unable to do sth 不能做某事 14. alone 与 lonely的区别 alone (adj./adv.)=by oneself :“独自的（地），单独的（地）”. (be alone) lonely (adj.) :“孤独的,寂寞的” (feel lonely) 15. a little , little; a few, few的用法 1）few, a few 后接复数名词； little, a little后接不可数名词 May I ask you a few questions? I can speak a little English. 2) a few (一些，少数几个)， a little (一点儿)表示肯定：few, little (几乎没有)表 3

示否定。The math problem is so difficult that few students can work it out. There is little milk in the fridge. Please go and buy some.

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 一、重点词组 1. 扫地sweep the floor 2. 倒垃圾take out the rubbish=throw rubbish/ trash 3. 频繁；一直all the time 4. 一……就as soon as(用法同if) 5. 做家务do chores 6. 为了in order to 7. 依靠depend on 8. 照顾take care of= look after= care for= keep an eye on… 9.客厅living room 10. 搭便车get a ride 11. 给某人搭便车give sb. a ride 12.给与帮助help (out) with 13. 扔下throw down 14. 随时，马上any minute now 15. 过来come over 16. 解决问题solve the problem 17. 惊奇地in surprise 18. 遛狗take the dog for a walk 19.没问题no problem 20. 浪费时间waste of time 21. 其结果as a result 22. 生病be ill= fall ill 23. 从事、忙于work on 24. 一些喝的东西something to drink 二、词形转换 1.fair(adj.)合理的；公正的 ---- (n)fairness公正性；合理性 2. fair (adj.)----(反义词)unfair不合理的 3.sweep (v)----(过去式)swept 4. throw(v)---(过去式)threw---(过去分词)thrown 5. lend(v) ----(过去式)lent---(过去分词)lent 6. lie(v----(过去式)lay---(过去分词)lain---（现在分词)lying 三、同义词、固定搭配 1.take care of = look after 照看、照顾 2. hate = dislike憎恨、不喜欢 3. borrow … from 向……借（借入） 4. lend … to把……借给（借出） 5. provide sb with sth 提供某人某物 = provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物 6. in order to do sth 7. depend on oneself 依靠自己 8.Could/ Would/ Can you please + 动词原形：表示礼貌的请求，“你可以……吗？”