倒装、强调和省略装、强调和省略倒装 Inversion英语的一般语序(自然语序Natural Order)为：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语（或表语） + (状语等附加成分)。
有时为了语法上或修辞上的需要而改变这种语序。
一、语法倒装1. 句首是由某些表示地点状语的副词开头，或者方位副词、介词短语放在句首时，主谓全部倒装(Full Inversion)。
比如：here, back, down, off, in, up，hence, then, thus, often, so，out, up, away, on等，通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
主语为主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here is your letter. 这是你的信。
Down came the rain. 下雨了。
Hence comes the name magnet. 由此得名“磁铁”。
Into the sky went the plane. 飞机飞向天空。
Away went the girl to the school! 这个女孩到学校去了！Off goes the woman! 那个女人走了！2. 以there开头，表示“….有….”, “There+be+主语”结构；在正式文体中，当主语不明确是一个很长的名词短语时，用“there+不及物动词+主语”结构。
There are more important matters we need to discuss.我们有很多重要的事情需要讨论。
There entered a strange little man.走进来一个奇怪而身材矮小的人。
3. 主语 + live, stand, lie, sit 等动词+（介词）地点状语的结构中常采用倒装语序。
正常语序：An old temple stands at the top of the hill.倒装语序：At the top of the hill stands an old temple.山顶上有座古庙。
4. 英语中构成疑问句（除对主语或主语的定语提问的特殊疑问句外），通常需使用倒装，属于部分倒装。
When are we going to drink to your happiness?我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒？Do you have anything like that?你有那样的东西吗？5. 虚拟语气中的倒装。
虚拟语气中省略if的虚拟条件句时，可以用had, were, should来开头，主谓部分倒装。
Were I a businessman (=If I were…), I would gain profit from the go vernor. 假如我是商人，我一定会从政府那里得到益处。
Should he call you to dine out tomorrow (= If he should come…), what would you do then?万一他给你打电话明天出去吃晚饭，你会怎么办？Had we owned sufficient resources ( =If we had owned…), our corporation would have been a success.如果我们拥有充足的资源，我们的公司就会成功。
6. 状语从句中的倒装(1) 由as, however, (no matter how ), though 和be 引起的让步状语从句要倒装。
正常语序：Although he is young, he is quite expert in psychology.倒装语序：Young as he is, he is quite expert in psychology.尽管他很年轻，但是他对心理学相当专业。
No matter how interesting the book is, he doesn’t like to read it.不管这本书有多有趣，他都不想看。
However hard a solid may be, we can change its shape.不管一个固体有多硬，我们能改变它的形状。
Be it very late, I must write another essay.尽管时间很晚，我必须再写一篇散文。
(2) 在than等引起的比较状语从句中，有时主谓部分倒装。
Copper wire allows a large current than does iron wire.铜丝允许通过的电流量比铁丝大。
7. 以 so, neither 或 nor 开头的倒装。
表示上下文所说的事也适合于另一个人(或物)，附属部分倒装。
如表示对另一方所说的话表示赞成，则不能用倒装。
“I am impressed by his spirits.”—“So am I.”—他的精神打动我了。
—也把我打动了。
“I can not tell Spanish from Portuguese.”—“Neither can I.”—我不会区分西班牙语与葡萄牙语。
—我也不能。
“He studies harder.”“So he does.”“他学习很努力。
”“是的（他学习很努力）。
”8. 表示祝愿的句子。
May both be happy！祝你们快乐﹗二、修辞倒装1. 否定词置于句首时含有否定意义的副词或词组，位于句首作状语时，要用部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。
常见的词有：never, hardly, scarcely, not only, little, seldom, not until等，以及含有no 的词组: at (in) no time, in no case, under no circumstances, by no means等。
另外，具有否定意义的关联词：not only…but also…, neither…nor…, no sooner…than…, hardly(scarcely)…when…位于句首时也要用倒装。
正常语序： I shall never forget the first days at college.倒装语序： Never shall I forget the first days at college.我永远不会忘记初上大学的那些日子正常语序： I did not have any idea what market economy is until recently. 倒装语序： Not until recently did I have any idea what market economy is.直到最近我才知道什么叫市场经济。
No sooner had she finished reading the poem than the students began to ask her questions.她刚念完这首诗，学生们就开始向她提问题了。
Hardly had he come back when it began to rain.他一回来就下起雨来了。
Under no circumstances shall I do anything against the interests of the country.不管在什么情况下，我决不做有损国家利益的事情。
2.“Only + 状语”用于句首的，主谓部分倒装。
Only with high quality products can an industry survive and earn money. 只有通过高品质的产品,工业才能生存并盈利。
正常语序：We can learn a foreign language well only in this way.倒装语序：Only in this way can we learn a foreign language well.只有这样我们才能学好一门外语。
3. 强调倒装。
强调某一句子成分，把该句子成分放在句首，主谓全部倒装。
Near the bridge was an old villa.在桥的附近有一幢古老的别墅。
Among the students are those who come from Austria.这些学生中有从奥地利来的。
4. 当“so (such)…that”结构用于句首时。
正常语序：The stain was so small that I could hardly see it.倒装语序：So small was the stain that I could hardly see it.污迹很小，几乎看不出来。
Such was the force of the earthquake that almost all the buildings in this city were destroyed.地震的力量如此之大，以致这座城市所有的建筑物几乎都被破坏了。
5. 由平衡关系引起的倒装。
当主语较长，谓语很短时，为了使句子平衡把某一部分放在句首，主谓全部倒装。
Accompanying Chinese sharp population increase are many other problems, such as severe environmental pollution and soil erosion.中国人口的快速增长正伴随着很多其它问题，比如严重的环境污染和水土流失。
强调Emphasis强调是一种修辞方式，通过一定的语法手段来加强某些成分。
一、It is (was)…that…表示强调，It was 和that不作任何成分，只起强调作用。
it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。
1．当被强调的部分是人时，可以用who来代替that。
It is a brave person who will die for his belief.愿为信仰而献身的人是勇敢的人。
It is necessary for you to give up smoking.对于你来说，戒烟很有必要。
2．It is (was)not until …that…是强调状语not until …的一个特殊句型。
that 后面仍用正常语序。
如不用强调，则变成Not until …的倒装句型。
It was not until her husband came home that her worry went away.Not until her husband came home did her worry go away.直到他丈夫回家，她才不再担心了。