《测绘程序设计()》上机实验报告（Visual C++.Net）班级：测绘0901班学号：0405090204姓名：代娅琴2012年4月29日实验八平差程序设计基础一、实验目的•巩固过程的定义与调用•巩固类的创建与使用•巩固间接平差模型及平差计算•掌握平差程序设计的基本技巧与步骤二、实验内容水准网平差程序设计。

设计一个水准网平差的程序，要求数据从文件中读取，计算部分与界面无关。

1.水准网间接平差模型：2.计算示例：近似高程计算：3.水准网平差计算一般步骤(1)读取观测数据和已知数据；(2)计算未知点高程近似值；(3)列高差观测值误差方程；(4)根据水准路线长度计算高差观测值的权；(5)组成法方程；(6)解法方程，求得未知点高程改正数及平差后高程值；(7)求高差观测值残差及平差后高差观测值；(8)精度评定；(9)输出平差结果。

4.水准网高程近似值计算算法5.输入数据格式示例实验代码：#pragma onceclass LevelControlPoint{public:LevelControlPoint(void);~LevelControlPoint(void);public:CString strName;//点名CString strID;//点号float H;bool flag;//标记是否已经计算出近似高程值，若计算出则为，否则为};class CDhObs{public:CDhObs(void);~CDhObs(void);public:LevelControlPoint* cpBackObj;//后视点LevelControlPoint* cpFrontObj;//前视点double ObsValue;//高差值double Dist;//测站的距离};#include"StdAfx.h"#include"LevelControlPoint.h"LevelControlPoint::LevelControlPoint(void){strName=_T("");strID=_T("");H=0;flag=0;}LevelControlPoint::~LevelControlPoint(void){}CDhObs::CDhObs(void){}CDhObs::~CDhObs(void){}#pragma once#include"LevelControlPoint.h"#include"Matrix.h"class AdjustLevel{public:AdjustLevel(void);~AdjustLevel(void);public:LevelControlPoint* m_pKnownPoint;//已知点数组int m_iKnownPointCount;//已知点个数LevelControlPoint* m_pUnknownPoint;//未知点数组int m_iUnknownPointCount;//未知点个数CDhObs* m_pDhObs;//高差观测值数组int m_iDhObsCount;//高差观测值个数public:void SetKnownPointSize(int size);//创建大小为size的已知点数组void SetUnkonwnPointSize(int size);//创建大小为size的未知点数组void SetDhObsSize(int size);//创建大小为size的观测值数组bool LoadObsData(const CString& strFile);//读入观测文件CString* SplitString(CString str, char split, int& iSubStrs);void ApproHeignt(void);//计算近似值private:LevelControlPoint* SearchKnownPointUsingID(CString ID);LevelControlPoint* SearchUnknownPointUsingID(CString ID);LevelControlPoint* SearchPointUsingID(CString ID);CMatrix LevleWeight(void);//计算权矩阵public:void FormErrorEquation(CMatrix &B, CMatrix &L);//组成误差方程void EquationCompute(CMatrix &x);//计算法方程void Accuracy_Assessment(double &r0,CMatrix &Qxx);//精度评定void CompAdjust(double &r0,CMatrix Qx[]);};#include"StdAfx.h"#include"AdjustLevel.h"#include<locale.h>#include"LevelControlPoint.h"#include"math.h"AdjustLevel::AdjustLevel(void){m_pKnownPoint=NULL;//已知点数组m_iKnownPointCount=0;//已知点个数m_pUnknownPoint=NULL;//未知点数组m_iUnknownPointCount=0;//未知点个数m_pDhObs=NULL;//高差观测值数组m_iDhObsCount=0;//高差观测值个数}AdjustLevel::~AdjustLevel(void){if(m_pKnownPoint!=NULL){delete[] m_pKnownPoint;m_pKnownPoint=NULL;}if(m_pUnknownPoint!=NULL){delete[] m_pUnknownPoint;m_pUnknownPoint=NULL;}if(m_pDhObs!=NULL){delete[] m_pDhObs;m_pDhObs=NULL;}}void AdjustLevel::SetKnownPointSize(int size){m_pKnownPoint=new LevelControlPoint[size];//创建动态指针m_iKnownPointCount=size;}void AdjustLevel::SetUnkonwnPointSize(int size){m_pUnknownPoint=new LevelControlPoint[size];m_iUnknownPointCount=size;}void AdjustLevel::SetDhObsSize(int size){m_pDhObs=new CDhObs[size];m_iDhObsCount=size;//高差观测值个数}bool AdjustLevel::LoadObsData(const CString& strFile){CStdioFile sf;if(!sf.Open(strFile,CFile::modeRead)) return false;//创建并打开文件对象CString strLine;bool bEOF=sf.ReadString(strLine);//读取第一行，即已知点的数目SetKnownPointSize(_ttoi(strLine));//根据已知点的数目，创建已知点数组；int n=0;for(int i=0;i<m_iKnownPointCount;i++)//读取已知点的点名和高程值{sf.ReadString(strLine);CString *pstrData=SplitString(strLine,',',n);m_pKnownPoint[i].strName=pstrData[0];m_pKnownPoint[i].strID=pstrData[0];m_pKnownPoint[i].H=_tstof(pstrData[1]);m_pKnownPoint[i].flag=1;//已知点不用平差，故将其的flag设置为delete[] pstrData;pstrData=NULL;}sf.ReadString(strLine);//读取未知点的个数SetUnkonwnPointSize(_ttoi(strLine));//根据未知点的个数创建未知点数组sf.ReadString(strLine);//读取未知点的点名CString *pstrData=SplitString(strLine,',',n);for(int i=0;i<m_iUnknownPointCount;i++)//将未知点的点名放入未知点数组{m_pUnknownPoint[i].strName=pstrData[i];m_pUnknownPoint[i].strID=pstrData[i];m_pUnknownPoint[i].H=0;//未知点的高程值设置为m_pUnknownPoint[i].flag=0;//还没有求得近似高程，故其flag设置为}if(pstrData!=NULL){delete[] pstrData;pstrData=NULL;}sf.ReadString(strLine);//读取观测值的个数SetDhObsSize(_ttoi(strLine));//按照观测值的大小，创建观测值数组for(int i=0;i<m_iDhObsCount;i++)//分行读取观测值的数据，将其存入观测值数组{sf.ReadString(strLine);CString *pstrData=SplitString(strLine,',',n);m_pDhObs[i].cpBackObj=SearchPointUsingID(pstrData[0]);//后视点m_pDhObs[i].cpFrontObj=SearchPointUsingID(pstrData[1]);//前视点m_pDhObs[i].HObsValue=_tstof(pstrData[2]);//高差观测值m_pDhObs[i].Dist=_tstof(pstrData[3]);//距离观测值delete[] pstrData;pstrData=NULL;}sf.Close();return 1;}CString* AdjustLevel::SplitString(CString str, char split, int& iSubStrs){int iPos = 0; //分割符位置int iNums = 0; //分割符的总数CString strTemp = str;CString strRight;//先计算子字符串的数量while (iPos != -1){iPos = strTemp.Find(split);if (iPos == -1){break;}strRight = strTemp.Mid(iPos + 1, str.GetLength());strTemp = strRight;iNums++;}if (iNums == 0) //没有找到分割符{//子字符串数就是字符串本身iSubStrs = 1;return NULL;}//子字符串数组iSubStrs = iNums + 1; //子串的数量= 分割符数量+ 1CString* pStrSplit;pStrSplit = new CString[iSubStrs];strTemp = str;CString strLeft;for (int i = 0; i < iNums; i++){iPos = strTemp.Find(split);//左子串strLeft = strTemp.Left(iPos);//右子串strRight = strTemp.Mid(iPos + 1, strTemp.GetLength());strTemp = strRight;pStrSplit[i] = strLeft;}pStrSplit[iNums] = strTemp;return pStrSplit;}//LevelControlPoint* AdjustLevel::SearchKnownPointUsingID(CString ID) {for(int i=0;i<m_iKnownPointCount;i++){if(m_pKnownPoint[i].strID==ID){return &m_pKnownPoint[i];}}return NULL;}//LevelControlPoint* AdjustLevel::SearchUnknownPointUsingID(CString ID) {for(int i=0;i<m_iUnknownPointCount;i++){if(m_pUnknownPoint[i].strID==ID){return &m_pUnknownPoint[i];}}return NULL;}LevelControlPoint* AdjustLevel::SearchPointUsingID(CString ID){LevelControlPoint* cp;cp=SearchKnownPointUsingID(ID);if(cp==NULL)cp=SearchUnknownPointUsingID(ID);return cp;}void AdjustLevel::ApproHeignt(void)//用于计算高程近似值的函数{for(int i=0;i<m_iUnknownPointCount;i++)//计算未知点高程值{if(m_pUnknownPoint[i].flag!=1){//先在未知点作为观测值的前视点的情况for(int j=0;j<m_iDhObsCount;j++)//从观测数组里找与未知点有关联的点{//如果观测值的前视点是未知点且其后视点已经有高程值if((m_pDhObs[j].cpFrontObj->strID==m_pUnknownPoint[i].strID)&& m_pDhObs[j].cpBackObj->flag==1 ){ //前视点=后视点-高差/*m_pUnknownPoint[i].H=m_pDhObs[i].cpBackObj->H - m_pDhObs[i].ObsValue;*/m_pUnknownPoint[i].H=m_pDhObs[j].cpBackObj->H + m_pDhObs[j].HObsValue;m_pUnknownPoint[i].flag=1;break;}}if(m_pUnknownPoint[i].flag!=1)//如果经过上一步骤未知点仍没有计算出近似值{for(int j=0;j<m_iDhObsCount;j++)//从观测数组里找与未知点有关联的点{//如果观测值的后视点是未知点且其前视点已经有高程值if((m_pDhObs[j].cpBackObj->strID==m_pUnknownPoint[i].strID)&& m_pDhObs[j].cpFrontObj->flag==1 ){ //后视点=前视点+高差m_pUnknownPoint[i].H=m_pDhObs[j].cpFrontObj->H-m_pDhObs[j].HObsValue;/*m_pUnknownPoint[i].H=m_pDhObs[i].cpFrontObj->H+m_pDhObs[i].ObsValue;*/m_pUnknownPoint[i].flag=1;break;}}}}if(i==m_iUnknownPointCount-1)//如果已经计算到最后一个未知点{for(int a=0;a<m_iUnknownPointCount;a++){if(m_pUnknownPoint[i].flag!=1)//只要有一个未知点的近似高程直没有计算{ //则要重新进行上面的步骤直到所有的未知点的近似高程值都计算出i=-1;break;}}}}}CMatrix AdjustLevel::LevleWeight(void){CMatrix p(m_iDhObsCount,m_iDhObsCount);p.Unit();double value;for(int i=0;i<m_iDhObsCount;i++){value=(1.0/m_pDhObs[i].Dist);p(i,i)=value;}return p;}void AdjustLevel::FormErrorEquation(CMatrix &B, CMatrix &L){B.SetSize(m_iDhObsCount,m_iUnknownPointCount);L.SetSize(m_iDhObsCount,1);for(int i=0;i<m_iDhObsCount;i++)//建立B系数阵{LevelControlPoint *tmpBack=NULL,*tmpFront=NULL;tmpBack=SearchPointUsingID(m_pDhObs[i].cpBackObj->strID);tmpFront=SearchPointUsingID(m_pDhObs[i].cpFrontObj->strID);//找到与第i个观测值有关的未知点tmpBack->strID;for(int j=0;j<m_iUnknownPointCount;j++){if(m_pUnknownPoint[j].strID==tmpBack->strID)//如果是后视点则前面的系数为-1{ B(i,j)=-1;continue;}if(m_pUnknownPoint[j].strID==tmpFront->strID)//如果是前视点则前面的系数为{B(i,j)=1;}}}//建立L矩阵CString tmp;for(int i=0;i<m_iDhObsCount;i++){//l=高差观测值-（后视近似值-前视近似值）/*L(i,0)=m_pDhObs[i].ObsValue-(m_pDhObs[i].cpBackObj->H-m_pDhObs[i].cpFrontObj->H);*/ L(i,0)=m_pDhObs[i].HObsValue-(m_pDhObs[i].cpFrontObj->H - m_pDhObs[i].cpBackObj->H);tmp.Format(_T("%.3f"),L(i,0));L(i,0)=_tstof(tmp);L(i,0)=L(i,0)*1000;//将单位化为mm}}void AdjustLevel::EquationCompute(CMatrix &x)//计算法方程{CMatrix P,B,l;P=LevleWeight(); //P为权矩阵FormErrorEquation(B,l);ApproHeignt();CMatrix BT(m_iUnknownPointCount,m_iDhObsCount);BT=~B; //B的转置矩阵CMatrix NBB(m_iUnknownPointCount,m_iUnknownPointCount);NBB=BT*P*B;CMatrix NBBl=NBB.Inv();x=NBBl*BT*P*l;for(int i=0;i<m_iUnknownPointCount;i++){m_pUnknownPoint[i].H+=x(i,0);//未知点高程值=近似值+改正数}}void AdjustLevel::Accuracy_Assessment(double &r0,CMatrix &Qxx)//精度评定{CMatrix B,l,P,x;P=LevleWeight(); //P为权矩阵FormErrorEquation(B,l);EquationCompute(x);CMatrix v(m_iDhObsCount,1);v=B*x-l;CMatrix vT(1,m_iDhObsCount);vT=~v;CMatrix r/*(1,l)*/;r=vT*P*v;r0=sqrt(r(0,0)/(m_iDhObsCount-m_iUnknownPointCount));//单位权中误差Qxx.SetSize(m_iUnknownPointCount,m_iUnknownPointCount);CMatrix BT(m_iUnknownPointCount,m_iDhObsCount);BT=~B;CMatrix NBB(m_iUnknownPointCount,m_iUnknownPointCount);NBB=BT*P*B;Qxx=NBB.Inv();}void AdjustLevel::CompAdjust(double &r0,CMatrix Qx[]){ApproHeignt();//计算未知点的近似高程值并且存入数组CMatrix P(m_iDhObsCount,m_iDhObsCount);P=LevleWeight();//p为权矩阵CMatrix B,L;CMatrix x,Qxx;FormErrorEquation(B,L);//组成误差方程，B为系数矩阵，l为常数项EquationCompute(x);//计算法方程Accuracy_Assessment(r0,Qxx);//精度评定for(int i=0;i<m_iUnknownPointCount;i++)//未知点高程中误差{Qx[i]=sqrt(Qxx(i,i))*r0;}}#include"Matrix.h"#include"locale.h"#include"LevelControlPoint.h"#include"AdjustLevel.h"AdjustLevel LevelComput;CString* SplitString(CString str, char split, int& iSubStrs){int iPos = 0; //分割符位置int iNums = 0; //分割符的总数CString strTemp = str;CString strRight;//先计算子字符串的数量while (iPos != -1){iPos = strTemp.Find(split);if (iPos == -1){break;}strRight = strTemp.Mid(iPos + 1, str.GetLength());strTemp = strRight;iNums++;}if (iNums == 0) //没有找到分割符{//子字符串数就是字符串本身iSubStrs = 1;return NULL;}//子字符串数组iSubStrs = iNums + 1; //子串的数量= 分割符数量+ 1CString* pStrSplit;pStrSplit = new CString[iSubStrs];strTemp = str;CString strLeft;for (int i = 0; i < iNums; i++){iPos = strTemp.Find(split);//左子串strLeft = strTemp.Left(iPos);//右子串strRight = strTemp.Mid(iPos + 1, strTemp.GetLength());strTemp = strRight;pStrSplit[i] = strLeft;}pStrSplit[iNums] = strTemp;return pStrSplit;}void CIndircLelveDlg::OnBnClickedOpendatafile(){// TODO: 在此添加控件通知处理程序代码UpdateData(TRUE);CFileDialog dlgFile(TRUE,_T("txt"),NULL,OFN_ALLOWMULTISELECT|OFN_EXPLORER, _T("(文本文件)|*.txt"));//创建文件对话框if(dlgFile.DoModal()==IDCANCEL) return;//如果选择取消按钮则返回CString strFileName=dlgFile.GetPathName();//打开获取文件文件名setlocale(LC_ALL,""); //设置语言环境CStdioFile sf;if(!sf.Open(strFileName, CFile::modeRead)) return;InputContent.Empty();//清空字符串str_openContent中的内容CString strLine;BOOL bEOF=sf.ReadString(strLine);//读取第一行数据while(bEOF)//开始读取顶点数据{bEOF=sf.ReadString(strLine);if(bEOF)InputContent+=strLine+_T("\r\n");}sf.Close();UpdateData(FALSE);}void CIndircLelveDlg::OnBnClickedSavedata(){// TODO: 在此添加控件通知处理程序代码U pdateData(TRUE);CFileDialog dlgFile(FALSE,_T("txt"),NULL,OFN_EXPLORER,_T("(Level格式)|*.txt"));if(dlgFile.DoModal()==IDCANCEL) return;CString strFileName=dlgFile.GetPathName();setlocale(LC_ALL,"");CStdioFile sf;if(!sf.Open(strFileName, CFile::modeCreate|CFile::modeWrite)) return;sf.WriteString(LevleContent);sf.Close();UpdateData(FALSE);}void CIndircLelveDlg::OnBnClickedComputelevel(){// TODO: 在此添加控件通知处理程序代码UpdateData(TRUE);setlocale(LC_ALL,"");double *Qx=new double[LevelComput.m_iUnknownPointCount];double r0;pAdjust(r0,Qx);LevleContent.Format(_T("平差后高程值:\r\n"));CString Temp;for(int i=0;i<LevelComput.m_iUnknownPointCount;i++){Temp.Empty();Temp.Format(_T("%s,%.4f\r\n"),LevelComput.m_pUnknownPoint[i].strID,LevelComput.m_pUnknownPoint[i].H);LevleContent+=Temp;}Temp.Format(_T("单位权中误差：%.1f mm\r\n"),r0*1000);LevleContent+=Temp;LevleContent+=_T("未知点高程中误差(mm):\r\n");for(int i=0;i< LevelComput.m_iUnknownPointCount;i++){Temp.Empty();Temp.Format(_T("%s,%.1f\r\n"),LevelComput.m_pUnknownPoint[i].strName,Qx[i]*1000);LevleContent+=Temp;}UpdateData(false);}void CIndircLelveDlg::OnBnClickedSavelevleresult(){// TODO: 在此添加控件通知处理程序代码UpdateData(TRUE);CFileDialog dlgFile(FALSE,_T("txt"),NULL,OFN_EXPLORER,_T("(Level格式)|*.txt"));if(dlgFile.DoModal()==IDCANCEL) return;CString strFileName=dlgFile.GetPathName();setlocale(LC_ALL,"");CStdioFile sf;if(!sf.Open(strFileName, CFile::modeCreate|CFile::modeWrite)) return;sf.WriteString(LevleContent);sf.Close();UpdateData(FALSE);}三、实验结果打开文件数据：平差结果：四、实验心得这从实验是我们测绘程序设计的最后一次实验，虽然这个学期我们做了好几次相关的实验，但是我却发现自己学的东西也越来越模糊，感觉很多内容都不理解。