第12教学单元（专题）教案
Step 1.Greetings
Step 2 Warming up
Step 3 Presentation
商务合同与协议的语言特点
一.The features about vocabulary
http://biz.doczj.com/doc/0517505087.html,e many formal words and professional words
Compare the following two kinds of words and expressions
Terminate, stop commence, begin be deemed to, be regarded as in lieu of, in place of prior to, before whatsoever, whatever
More formal words in the contract : in accordance with unless, otherwise, provided that, be deemed to In accordance with the date of shipment 根据装运日期
http://biz.doczj.com/doc/0517505087.html,e old English
To make the compound words by adding after, by, in, of, on, to, under, upon, or with after here, there, or where
Hereafter: in this document and after this point 此后, 以后
Hereby: in this way or by this letter以此, 特此, 由此
Thereby: by that 按此, 借此, 从而, 由此
Therefrom: from that从那里
Wherein: in which 在那方面, 其中, 在那里
Whereof: of which 关于那个
Whereas Party A is willing to employ Party B and Party B agrees to do as Party A’s engineer in Beijing, it is hereby agrees as follows. 鉴于甲方愿聘请乙方,乙方同意应聘为甲方在北京的工程师,双方协议如下:
In consideration of the mutual covenants and agreement herein contained, the parties agree as follows.双方考虑到在此提出的契约和协议, 同意如下条款.
http://biz.doczj.com/doc/0517505087.html,e the synonymous word with its relevant words
Terms and conditions 条件, null and void 无效, free and clear of 无, able and
willing 能够并愿意The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and cargo on board如果上述货物对船舶和船上其他货物造成伤害,托运人应负全责Party A shall be authorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after May 28.
自5月28日起, 甲方已无权接受定单或帐单
http://biz.doczj.com/doc/0517505087.html,e shall, should, may, will mostly
It is hereby agreed that Party B shall have no obligating to pay for the costs of such training, other than to pay for their traveling expenses to and from USA and their salaries. 双方特此协议, 乙方除支付受训人员赴美国的往返旅费及其薪金外，不负担此类培训费用.
5.Indirect appellation
Party A甲方Party B乙方the Seller卖方the buyer 买方
二.Sentence features
Use a lot of complete and long sentences with attribute and adverbial modifier to form the simple sentences and compound sentences
三.The stylish features-Correct and precise
Hereinafter called…以下称为…
Unless otherwise stipulated in…除非在…中另有规定
This shall prevail over…则以…为准
第二节商务合同与协议的翻译
一.The principles
http://biz.doczj.com/doc/0517505087.html,e formal words and terminology
The appendix hereto shall, through the contract period, be deemed to be construed as part of this Contract. 整个合同期间,本合同的附件应被理解为合同的一部分.
http://biz.doczj.com/doc/0517505087.html,e the correct and precise words
In the absence of such statement, the commercial documents will be released only against payment. 如无此项说明, 商业单据仅凭付款交付.
http://biz.doczj.com/doc/0517505087.html,plete translation
二.注意事项
1.酌情使用公文惯用词语
2.慎选容易混淆的词语If Party A insisted on its original quotation, Party B will have
to cover its requirements elsewhere.如果甲方坚持原报价, 乙方则只能从其他地方购进所需货物
3.相关词语连用来限定责任或时间
(1)和/或and/or
(2)强调合同是双方签定by and between
4.用大小写文字重复金额
5.正确使用货币符号
A$-AUD-Australian Dollar 澳元
US$-USD-United States Dollar美元
第三节翻译合同译例分析
Contract of Business
No.
Date.
Buyers.
Sellers
This CONTRACT is made by and between the Buyers and the Sellers; Whereby the Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the undermentioned goods on the terms and conditions stated below: Name of commodity and specifications:
Quantity:Price:
Packing:Shipment:
Port of Destination:
Terms of Payment:
The Buyers The Sellers
商业买卖合同
编号
日期
买方
卖方
兹经买卖双方同意, 由买方购进, 卖方出售下列货物,并按下列条款签定本合同: 商品名称和规格:
数量:
价格:
包装:
装船日期:
目的口岸:
付款方式:
买方卖方
第12教学单元（专题）教案 Step 1.Greetings
Step 2 Warming up Step 3 Presentation 商务合同与协议的语言特点 一.The features about vocabulary http://biz.doczj.com/doc/0517505087.html,e many formal words and professional words Compare the following two kinds of words and expressions Terminate, stop commence, begin be deemed to, be regarded as in lieu of, in place of prior to, before whatsoever, whatever More formal words in the contract : in accordance with unless, otherwise, provided that, be deemed to In accordance with the date of shipment 根据装运日期 http://biz.doczj.com/doc/0517505087.html,e old English To make the compound words by adding after, by, in, of, on, to, under, upon, or with after here, there, or where Hereafter: in this document and after this point 此后, 以后 Hereby: in this way or by this letter以此, 特此, 由此 Thereby: by that 按此, 借此, 从而, 由此 Therefrom: from that从那里 Wherein: in which 在那方面, 其中, 在那里 Whereof: of which 关于那个 Whereas Party A is willing to employ Party B and Party B agrees to do as Party A’s engineer in Beijing, it is hereby agrees as follows. 鉴于甲方愿聘请乙方,乙方同意应聘为甲方在北京的工程师,双方协议如下: In consideration of the mutual covenants and agreement herein contained, the parties agree as follows.双方考虑到在此提出的契约和协议, 同意如下条款. http://biz.doczj.com/doc/0517505087.html,e the synonymous word with its relevant words Terms and conditions 条件, null and void 无效, free and clear of 无, able and
汉译英 1.卖方将尽力在交货期内包装好所有货物。 The seller will endeavor to complete all packaging within time for the delivery date. 2.买方承担在货物运输和销售中的成本和费用。32 The buyer is responsible for the costs and charges incurred in the sale and transport of the goods. 3.卖方将一次性发送货物。到交货地的运输方式将由卖方决定。33 The seller will deliver the goods in a single shipment. The mode of transport to the point of delivery is at the seller’s discretion. 4.卖方应尽一切努力启运货物以便能及时交货。 The seller will make every effort to commence transport of the goods so that they will arrive by the delivery date. 5.如果推迟交货，卖方应立即告知买方推迟交货，预定的交货期和耽搁的理由。 If there is any delay, the seller will immediately notify the buyer of the delay, the expected time for delivery, and the reason for the delay. 买方有权就新的交货日期与卖方进行重新磋商，双方将以书面形式在协议上写下所做出的修改。或者，买方有权通知卖方终止合同。 The buyer will then have the option to renegotiate with the seller for a new delivery date, which the parties will confirm in writing as a modification to this agreement, or to notify the seller that the agreement is terminated. 6.为了自己的利益，买方将为运输中的货物投保。34 The buyer will obtain and pay, on its own account, for all insurance on the goods while in transit. 7.在货物运输前，保险人将把保险证明，如保单或由保险人所出具的其他证明交给买方。 Evidence of this insurance, in the form of a copy of the policy or other statement provided by the insurer, will be provided to the buyer before the goods are shipped. 8.买卖双方为自己的利益为货物所投保的险种将由其自行负担费用。 Each party is responsible for obtaining on its own account any other insurance coverage for the goods that he may desire. 9.如果买方已向卖方付款，在货物到达纽约港时货物的所有权将转移至买方。 Title to the goods will pass to the buyer at the time the goods are delivered to New York port provided the buyer has transmitted payment to the seller by that time. 10.如果延迟装运是由于买方无法及时提供此类证据，在这种情况下，卖方不违约。 If shipment is delayed because the buyer fails to furnish such proof timely, the seller will not be deemed to have breached the contract. 11.买方同意货物被运送到美国，并同意货物不会被运往其它国家。买方也不会在货物到达美国后再出口。 The buyer covenants that the goods will be shipped to and delivered in US and that the buyer will not ship or deliver the goods to any other country, nor will the buyer re-export the goods after delivery in US. 12.买方有权在卖方的营业地检验或让其代理人检验货物。36 The buyer is entitled to inspect, or to have its agent inspect, the goods at the seller’s place of business. 13.在交货后90天内，卖方可免费为买方换任何有瑕疵的货物，由此所产生的运输费用由卖方承担。 Within 90 days after delivery, the seller will replace free of charges, including the cost of transportations, any part of the goods found defective. 14.卖方应补偿买方任何由此类诉讼所承担的责任、支付的赔偿、花费及诉讼费用。37 The seller will indemnify the buyer against any liability, damage, or expenses incurred in connection with any such suit and will pay any judgment entered against the buyer in such suit. 15.这一协议的生效条件是：买方获得美国政府部门签发的进口许可证,卖方获得中国政府部门签发的出口许可证。38 This agreement is subject to the issuance of an import license to the buyer by the appropriate agency of US government and the issuance of an export license to the seller by the appropriate agency of China government. 16.如果任何一方通知另一方不想或不能履行协议，收到通知的一方有权撤销协议。 If either party notifies the other party that it will not, or is unable to, perform this agreement the party receiving notices is entitled to cancel the agreement. 17.为了使撤销有效，撤销的一方应通知另一方协议已撤销。撤销的日期是收到不履行协议通知的日期。 To make the cancellation effective, the party seeking to cancel must give notice to the other party that the agreement is deemed canceled. The date of the cancellation will be the date on which the party receives the notice of the nonperformance.
合同 CONTRACT 日期：合同号码： Date: Contract No.: 买方：(The Buyers) 卖方：(The Sellers) 兹经买卖双方同意按照以下条款由买方购进，卖方售出以下商品： This contract is made by and between the Buyers and the Sellers; whereby the Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned goods subject to the terms and conditions as stipulated hereinafter: (1) 商品名称: Name of Commodity： (2) 数量： Quantity: (3) 单价： Unit price: (4) 总值： Total Value: (5) 包装： Packing: (6) 生产国别： Country of Origin : (7) 支付条款： Terms of Payment: (8) 保险： Insurance: (9) 装运期限： Time of Shipment: (10) 起运港： Port of Lading:
(11) 目的港： Port of Destination: (12)索赔：在货到目的口岸45天内如发现货物品质，规格和数量与合同不符，除属保险公司或船方责任外，买方有权凭中国商检出具的检验证书或有关文件向卖方索赔换货或赔款。 Claims: Within 45 days after the arrival of the goods at the destination, should the quality, Specifications or quantity be found not in conformity with the stipulations of the contract except those claims for which the insurance company or the owners of the vessel are liable. The Buyers shall, have the right on the strength of the inspection certificate issued by the C.C.I.C and the relative documents to claim for compensation to the Sellers. (13)不可抗力：由于人力不可抗力的原由，发生在制造、装载或运输的过程中导致卖方延期交货或不能交货者，卖方可免除责任。在不可抗力发生后，卖方须立即电告买方及在14天内以空邮方式向买方提供事故发生的证明文件，在上述情况下，卖方仍须负责采取措施尽快发货。 Force Majeure: The sellers shall not be held responsible for the delay in shipment or non-deli-very of the goods due to Force Majeure, which might occur during the process of manufacturing or in the course of loading or transit. The sellers shall advise the Buyers immediately of the occurrence mentioned above the within fourteen days there after. The Sellers shall send by airmail to the Buyers for their acceptance certificate of the accident. Under such circumstances the Sellers, however, are still under the obligation to take all necessary measures to hasten the delivery of the goods. (14）仲裁：凡有关执行合同所发生的一切争议应通过友好协商解决，如协商不能解决，则将分歧提交中国国际贸易促进委员会按有关仲裁程序进行仲裁，仲裁将是终局的，双方均受其约束，仲裁费用由败诉方承担。 Arbitration: All disputes in connection with the execution of this Contract shall be settled friendly through negotiation. In case no settlement can be reached, the case then may be submitted for arbitration to the Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade in accordance with the Provisional Rules of Procedure promulgated by the said Arbitration Commission. The Arbitration committee shall be final and binding upon both parties. And the Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing parties.
商务合同英译的注意事项(实例版) 前言 英译商务合同貌似简单，实则不然。商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体，重在记实，用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。 本文拟运用翻译教学中所积累的英译商务合同的实例，从三个方面论述如何从大处着眼、小处着手、力求准确严谨英译商务合同。 一、酌情使用公文语惯用副词 商务合同属于法律性公文，所以英译时，有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词，就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现，这种公文语副同常被普通词语所代替，从而影响到译文的质量。 实际上，这种公文语惯用副同为数并不多，而已构词简单易记。常用的这类副词是由here、there、where等副词分别加上after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with等副词，构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如：从此以后、今后：hereafter；此后、以后：thereafter；在其上：thereonthereupon；在其下：thereunder；对于这个：hereto；对于那个：whereto；在上文：hereinabovehereinbefore；在下文：hereinafterhereinbelow；在上文中、在上一部分中：thereinbefore；在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter．现用两个实例，说明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。 例1：本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。 This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder. 例2：下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。 The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropriate are made in China. 二、谨慎选用极易混淆的词语 英译商务合同时，常常由于选同不当而寻致词不达意或者意思模棱两可，有时甚至表达的是完全不同的含义。因此了解与掌握极易混淆的词语的区别是极为重要的，是提高英译质量的关键因素之一，现把常用且易混淆的七对词语，用典型实例论述如下。 2.1 shipping advice与shipping instruction sshipping advice是“装运通知”，是由出口商(卖主)发给进口商(买主)的。然而shipping instructions则是“装运须知”，是进口商(买主)发给出口商(卖主)的。另外要注意区分 vendor(卖主)与vendee(买主)，consignor(发货人)与consignee(收货人)。上述这三对词语在英译时、极易发生笔误。 2.2abide by与comply with
【摘要】商务合同是商业法人之间为实现一定的经济目的、明确相互权利义务的一种文体。商务合同英语属半法律性语言，用词准确、正式、严谨，具有鲜明文体意义。本文基于典型实例分析，探讨了商务英文合同的词汇特征及翻译方法。 【关键词】商务英文合同词汇特征翻译 商务合同是商品经济的产物，它随着商品经济的产生而产生，也随着商品经济的发展而发展，是商品交换关系在法律上的体现，受到国家法律的承认和保护。在世界经济全球化和一体化的今天，国际商务活动日益频繁，贸易国法人之间为实现一定的经济利益而签订的明确规定了贸易双方的权利和义务，具有法律效力的文件——国际商务合同的重要性也越来越突出。商务合同英语既具有商务英语的特点，同时也具有法律英语的特点。本文拟从庄重正式、准确严谨和简洁明了三个角度阐述分析商务英文合同的词汇特征及其翻译方法。 一、庄重正式 Martin Joos按照语言使用的正式程度提出了英语的五种变体，即庄重文体(frozen style)，正式文体(formal style)，商议文体（consultative style），随便文体(casual style)和亲密文体(intimate style)。一般认为商务合同英语属庄重文体，即五种变体英语中正式程度最高的一种。商务英文合同的庄重正式的词汇特征体现在专业术语和外来词古体词的使用上。 1.商务专业术语 专业术语(technical term留学生论文网http://biz.doczj.com/doc/0517505087.html, s)具有鲜明的文体特色。其意义精确、单一、无歧义，且不带有个人感情色彩。为了准确描述商务活动中的各个交易环节以及与此相关的各类单据，商务合同英语文体中使用了大量表意清楚的商务专业术语。例如，policy（保险单），negotiable（可转让的），liability（责任、义务），right of recourse （追索权），factoring（保理）等。这些专业术语可避免冗长的解释，简化交易过程，提高工作效率。 2.法律专业术语 为了准确描述商务活动中交易双方各自的权利与义务，商务合同英语中也使用了较多的法律专业的术语。狭义的法律术语指仅出现在或大多数情况下出现在法律文件中的法律科学的特有术语，此意义上的法律术语在商务合同文体中的数量不多，如：imputed negligence (转嫁的过失责任)特指可向与行为人有利害关系的人或有合同关系的另一方追究责任的过失。商务合同中这类狭义的法律专业术语不以大众是否理解或接受为转移，它是商务合同语言准确表达的保障，是其独有的现象。而广义的法律术语则包括在法律文体中被赋予特定法律意义的常用词语，如action(诉讼)，party(当事人)，financial responsibility(经济责任，指违约责任，具体可指“赔偿损失”、“支付违约金”和“支付迟延支付金额的利息”)。这类词语把握不准确的话很容易导致翻译和理解当中的模糊性，因此要格外留意。如，“The contract is concluded in case of acceptance of the offer.”很容易译为“提议一旦接受，合同随即订立。”而实际上，“acceptance”与“offer”是合同法中两个重要的法律术语，其规范的译文分别为“承诺”、“要约”，前者是指受要约人对要约内容表同意，而后者则指一方希望与另一方订立合同。 3.外来词和古体词 商务合同英语中使用的商务类专业术语有不少源于拉丁语或法语，有些则是由其词根派生或合成，许多术语都有相同的前缀或后缀。它们的意义比较稳定，利于精确地表达概念，例如：ad valorem duty (拉丁语)从价(关)税，bona fide holder (拉丁语)汇票的善意持票人，pro rata tax rate比例税率(拉丁语，即proportional tax rate)，insurance premium per capita (拉丁语)人均保险费，force majeure(法语)不可抗力，pro forma (拉丁语)估算表。
中文摘要 在国际经济贸易活动中，商务合同是一种重要的法律文件依据,商贸英语已成为必不可少的语言交际工具,它也是英文经济贸易合同的基点。越来越多的英语和法律的爱好者也希望能尽快熟悉合同英语，从而准确理解，翻译、制作英语合同。这种需求随着中国加入WTO （世界贸易组织）而剧增，用英语解决商务合同问题的愿望也会随之越来越迫切。国际商务合同的种类繁多，涉及面广，内容复杂。这类合同都是涉外交易性质，需要英汉两种版本，因此大多需要翻译。商务合同有其自身的特点，即条理性、规范性和专业性。商务合同对翻译的质量提出很高的要求，也增加了其难度。本文用大量的例句，对商务合同英语的准确性、严谨性、规范性及翻译技巧与内容的完善还有翻译中常见错误、成因及其对策等作了全面分析和论述，并分析其翻译方面所应注意的问题。 关键词：国际商务合同；翻译；原则；准确性；严谨性；规范性 ON THE TRANSLATION OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CONTRACTS Abstract In the activities of international business trade, business contract has become an important legal document. Nowadays, business English has become not only a necessary tool for communication, but also the base of English business contracts. More and more English-learners and law-majors hope they can know something about English business contracts so as to understand them correctly, translate them exactly and make them perfectly. China’s entering the WTO enhances their desire to use English to solve the problems of business contracts. There are many different kinds of international business contracts, whose contents are diversified and complicated. In international trade, translation is compulsory since contracts usually need two versions: English and Chinese. The international business contract has its own characters, such as proper arrangement, standardization and specialty. All these make the translation of them very difficult and thus demand good skills to ensure a high quality. This article analyzes the preciseness, strictness and standardization of business contracts and explores the skills of translating them by citing many examples. It also points out some common translation errors, the reasons and the methods to correct the errors. Finally some advice is given to call readers attention to the problems in translation. Key words: international business contract; translation; principle; preciseness; strictness; standardization 一、前言 在世界经济阔步迈向21 世纪的今天，国际经济贸易活动日益频繁，改革的中国正积极投身于国际经济贸易活动中。在这一全球贸易过程中商贸英语已成为必不可少的语言交际工具,它也是英文经济贸易合同的基点。在当今社会经济生活中，公民、法人和其他组织有时候会直接遇到等待签署的英语合同。对律师、法律顾问等法律专业人士来说，实际工作中会遇到需要审查和修改的英语合同，有时候会遇到要求其拿出中文合同的英文翻译稿，甚至要求直接用英语草拟英文合同的情形。越来越多的英语和法律的爱好者也希望能尽快熟悉合同的英语，准确理解，翻译、制作英语合同的真功夫。这种需求随着中国加入WTO（世界贸易组织）而剧增，用英语解决商务合同问题的愿望也会随之越来越迫切。 合同，也叫契约。“契”，即意思相投或相合，“约”是用语言或文字互定共守的条件。合同的意思是愿意订立共同遵守的条件、合作共事。《中华人民共和国民法通则》第85条规定：“合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议”（A contract shall be an agreement whereby the parties establish,change,terminate their civil relationship）。而国际
合同编号________ 2020商务合同中英文范本 甲方：__________ 乙方：__________ 签订时间：__________ 签订地点：__________ 温馨提示：本合同示范文本只是提供给当事人在签订合同时的一种参考，当事人须根据具体实际情况正确选择适用的条款并作相应的调整，切勿套用，订立重大合同或者内容复杂的合同最好咨询相关的法律专业人士，感谢您的阅读下载！
搜索答案 商务合同中英文例文 匿名浏览 941 次 发布于20__-08-04 13:33 答案 中英文合同范文 合同 CONTRACT 日期：合同号码： Date: Contract No.: 买方： (The Buyers) 卖方： (The Sellers) 兹经买卖双方同意按照以下条款由买方购进，卖方售出以下商品： This contract is made by and between the Buyers and the Sellers; whereby the Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned goods subject to the terms and conditions as stipulated hereinafter: (1) 商品名称: y： (2) 数量： Quantity: (3) 单价： Unit price: (4) 总值： Total Value:
(5) 包装： Packing: (6) 生产国别： Country of Origin : (7) 支付条款： Terms of Payment: (8) 保险： insurance: (9) 装运期限： Time of Shipment: (10) 起运港： Port of Lading: (11) 目的港： Port of Destination: (12)索赔：在货到目的口岸45天内如发现货物品质，规格和数量与合同不附，除属保险公司或船方责任外，买方有权凭中国商检 出具的检验证书或有关文件向卖方索赔换货或赔款 Claims:Within 45 days after the arrival of the goods at the destination, should the quality, Specifications or quantity be found not in conformity with the stipulations of the contract e_cept those claims for which the insurance pany or the owners of the vessel are liable, the Buyers shall, have the right on the strength of the inspection certificate issued by the C.C.I.C and the relative documents to claim for pensation to the Sellers
1 Whereas Whereas: considering that 鉴于，就……而论（法律用语） 例1 Whereas the first Party is willing to employ the second Party and the second Party agrees to act as the first Party’s Engineer in Bamako, it is hereby mutually agreed as follows: 鉴于甲方愿意聘请乙方，乙方同意应聘为甲方在巴马科（工程）的工程师，合同双方特此达成协议如下 例2 Whereas Party B and Party A have entered into this Contract to install Party A’s air-conditioning equipment, the Parties hereto do hereby agree as follows: Chinese version for reference: 鉴于乙方与甲方订立本合同，安装甲方的空气调节设备，双方同意如下： 2 In Witness Whereof [❤1] Whereby：In Witness Whereof：作为所协议事项的证据，这个短语常常在合同结尾条款中使用，可译为“特此立（证）裾”，“以此立（证）据”等； In Testimony Whereof：以此为证，特立此证； Whereby: by the agreement; by the following terms and conditions, etc.凭此协议，凭此条款等。 例1 In Witness Whereof the Parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed on the day and year first before written[❤2] in accordance with their respective laws. 本协议书由双方根据各自的法律签订，于上面所签订的日期开始执行，特立此据。例2 In Testimony Whereof, we have hereto signed this document on _______(day/month/year). 我方于___年____月____日签署本文，特此证明。 例3 A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object. 买卖合同是出卖人转让标的物的所有权于买受人，买受人支付价款的合同。 3 Know All Men by These Presents;[❤3] Undersigned; Now Therefore Undersigned:[❤4] Now Therefore:[❤5] 特此，因此等。这个短语一般接whereas 之后，引出具体协议事项的常用开头词，并与其后的hereby 连用，译“兹”，“特此”。 例1 Know All Men by these presents that we_(bank’s name)__ having our registered office [❤6] at ______ (hereinafter called “the Bank”) will be bound unto[❤7] _(the Owner’s name)_ (hereinafter called “the Owner”) in sum of ______ for payment well and truly[❤8] to be made to the said Owner, the
精品范文-试论国际商务合同翻译原则 国际商务原则合同和大家分享了国际商务合同翻译原则，欢迎大家前来了解、查询。 Abstract：Since the reform and opening up ，we have more and more international economic and trade activities ，thus we need to sign and write more and more legal documents .Business contracts are very important as a media .Business contracts are legal documents and are binding on both sides. Small errors in contract will caused huge losses .This paper lists a lot of exles to analysis the principle of the international business contract translation ，hoping to be of help. Keyword：International ; Business contract ; The principle of translation 前言 21世纪是一个催人奋进的时代，科技革命迅猛发展，知识更替日新月异，国际竞争力日趋激烈。中国加入世贸组织以来，与它国经济交流越来越多，经济发展日益国际化。与国内经济不同，国际经贸活动要涉及两个或两个以上国家或地区的当事人，因此需要一个媒介来促使双方达成共识.国际商务合同作为媒介的作用突现出来。 合同，也叫契约，契意思相投或相合，约是用语言文字互相遵守约定，合同是指自愿订立共同遵守的条件，合作共事。《中华人民共和国》第二条规定合同是平等主体的自然人，法人，其他组织之间设立，变更，终止民事权利义务关系的协议〔contracts referred to in this law are agreements between equal natural persons，legal persons and other organizations for the purpose of establishing，altering and terminating mutual civil rights and obligations〕。而国际商务合同作为其中的一种，也具有合同具有的一般的法律特征。对一国而言，国际商务合同也指涉外合同，涉外合同的当事人可以选择合适适用的法律。我国国际商务合同法有以下几类：1，国际货物买卖合同;2，代理合同;3，来件装配合同;4，融资租赁合同;5，合资经营企业合同;6，劳务合同;7，国际技术咨询服务合同;8，国际借贷合同;9，国际土木建筑工程承包合同;10，外包合同;11，服务合同;12，风险投资管理协议;13，股权转让协议。此类合同都是涉外交易性质需要英汉两种版本，因此需要翻译。下面就让我们一起看一下翻译时应该注意的方面。 一﹑商务合同的语言特征 商务合同是依法成立的法律文件，有其特殊的文体特征。所谓文体(style)就是指人们使用语言时，会根据一定的交际内容，交际目的和交际场合，来选择一定的表达方式，即语言风格，这种风格既要适应交际对象也要适应特定的语言环境。根据美国语言学家Martin Joos(1962)年的分类，合同属于庄重文体(the frozen style)，是各种英语文体中正式程度最高的一种。总体来说，这种正式性体现在内容的专业性，语言的严谨性和结构的完整性等方面。因此，我们在进行翻译或者攥稿时，必须要从各个方面把握国际商务合同的语言特征。 1﹑词汇特征 作为一种正式的文体，在选词方面应该做到严谨，准确，规范，不能添加任何感彩，要能准确无误的表达出合同双方的权利，义务以及双方的要求。 (1)﹑多用大词(Big word) 我们在选择词语时，要尽量选择正式规范的词语，俗语，俚语，方言，日常生活用语是绝对不允许出现的。例如：In convening a general meeting of shareholders ，notice shall be dispatched to shareholders。[1]显然句子中的convening和dispatch比同义词holding和spread out更为正式。 (2)﹑多用商务法律术语 为了保持合同语言的规范正式性，我们有时宁愿牺牲语言的流畅性也要确保语言的严谨庄重性。国际商务合同本质上就是具有法律效力的文本，在长期的实践过程中，形成了一些独有的商务法律专业术语。例如：imputed negligence (转嫁的过失责任)特指可向与行为人有利害关系的人或有合同关系的另一方追究责任的过失。商务合同中这类狭义的法律专业术语不以大众是否理解或接受为转移，它是商务合同语言准确表达的保障。还有一些介词短语，in accordance with ，whereas，subject to等等
?Tranlation of Business Contract 一、商务合同概述 ? A contract is an agreement, which legally binds the parties concerned. ?在由Steven H. Gifts编著的“Law Dictionary”中，contract被定义为“a promise, or a set of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.” ?合同是一种承诺，违反承诺可以得到法律救助，在某种意义上，法律将履行该承诺看作是一种补偿。综上可见，合同是平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的法律协议。 ?合同英语属于庄重文体（the frozen style），是各种英语文体中正式程度最高的一种。 总体来说，这种正式性体现在内容的专业性、语言的严谨性和结构的完整性等方面。 合同种类 ?正式合同Contract (P197) ?协议书Agreement ?确议书Confirmation ?备忘录Memorandum ?订单Order ?意向书Letter of intent 二、商务合同的构成部分 一.约首(the head) 1.合同名称Title 2. 前文（前言）Preamble 1) Date of signing 2) Signing parties 3) Each party’s authority 当事人的合法依据 4）Place of signing 5) Recitals or WHEREAS clause 定约缘由 二. 本文（Body) ①定义条款（Definition clause) ②基本条款（Basic conditions) ③一般条款（General terms and conditions) a.合同有效期限（Duration) b.终止(Termination) c.不可抗力（Force Majeure) d.合同的让与（Assignment) e.仲裁（Arbitration) f.适用法律（governing law) g.诉讼管辖（Jurisdiction) h.通知手续（Notice) i.合同的修改（Amendment) j.其他（Others) 三.约尾（the tail) ①结尾语包括合同的份数、使用的文字和效力等（Concluding sentence) ②签名（Signature)