附录I 流体力学词汇（部分）英汉对照absolute pressure accelerati on accelerati on of gravity accelerati on of tran sport acoustic wave adhesive forces adiabatic flow airfoil an gle of attack an gular velocity appare nt shear stresses appare nt stresses Archimedes law atmospheric pressure axial-flowAxisymmetric around cyli nder no circulati on ideal flowback pressure背压 barocli nic fluid 斜压流体 barometer 气压计barotropic fluid正压流体 Bernoulli' s equation伯努利方程 blade叶片 body-force质量力 boun dary con diti on 边界条件 boun dary layer边界层，附面层 boun dary layer separati on 边界层分离 boun dary layer thick ness 附面层厚度 bulk modulus 体积模量 bulk stress体积应力 bun dle of streamli ne 流束 buoya nt force 浮力 butter layer过渡层绝对压力 加速度 重力加速度迁移加速度 声波粘滞力，附着力 绝热流动 翼型 冲角 角速度 表面剪切应力 表面应力 阿基米德定律 大气压 轴向流动 轴对称绕圆柱体无环流理想流动Cauchy-Reima nn con diti on 柯西一黎曼条件cen ter of pressure 压强中心coefficie nt 系数coefficie nt of compressibility 压缩系数coefficie nt of eddy viscosity 涡粘性系数coefficie nt of viscosity 粘度/粘性系数cohesive forces 粘附力comb ined boun dary layer 组合边界层completely rough zone of turbule nt pipe flow 紊流粗糙管平方阻力区comp onent velocity 合速度compressibility 压缩性compressible fluid 可压缩流体con servati on equati on of en ergy 能量守恒方程con servati on equati on of mass 质量守恒方程con servati on of mecha ni cal en ergy 机械能守恒con servati on of mome nt of mome ntum 动量矩守恒con servati on of mome ntum 动量守恒con ti nuity 连续性con ti nuum 连续介质con ti nuum hypothesis 连续介质假设con trol surface 控制面con trol volume 控制体（积）con vective accelerati on 迁移加速度con verge nt-diverge nt no zzle 缩放喷嘴con verg ing no zzle 收缩喷嘴correct ion coefficie nt 修正系数critical pressure 临界压强critical Reynolds number 临界雷诺数critical speed of sound 临界声速critical state 临界状态cross secti on 横截面curvature radius 曲率半径curved shock 曲面波cyli ndrical coord in ate system 柱坐标系Ddeformati on velocity 变形速度den sity detachme nt differe ntial pressure dime nsionl ess nu mber displaceme nt thick ness distributi ondisturba nee wave doublet drag coefficie nt dyn amic pressure dyn amic similarity dyn amic viscosityE 密度脱体差压，压差，压力降无量纲数位移厚度分布扰动波偶极子阻力系数动压强动力相似性动力粘度eddy zone eddy ing flow efficie ncy elastic waveelevati on head en ergy of turbule nee en thalpy en tropy equati on of con ti nu ity equati on of en ergy equati on of mome nt -of mome ntum equati on of moti on equati on of state equilibriumEulerian equation Euler methodEuler's formula 涡流区涡（紊旋）流效率弹性波位置水头湍能焓熵连续性方程能量方程动量矩方程运动方程状态方程平衡欧拉方程欧拉方法欧拉公式fieldflow coefficie ntflow meterflow netflow patter n fluctuating pressure 场流量系数流量表，流量计流网流型脉动压力fluctuat ing stressfluidfluid dyn amicsflow fieldfluid mach inery fluid mecha nics fluid particle fluid statics free surface friction coefficie nt frictio n drag frictionl ess fluidGgas con sta nt gas dyn amics gauge pressure geometric pressure geometric similarity gradual con tracti on gradual enl argeme ntHharm onic fun ctio nhead loss heat tran sferHelmholtz equati on heteroge neous fluid homoge neous fluid horiz on tal force horiz on tal li ne hydraulic diameter hydraulically smooth zone of turbule nt pipe flow hydrostatics hydrostatics force hydrostatics stress hypers onic flow 脉动应力流体流体动力学流场流体机械流体力学流体质点流体静力学自由表面摩擦系数摩擦阻力无粘性流体气体常数气体动力学表压力几何压力几何相似渐缩渐扩调和函数压头损失传热亥姆霍兹方程非均质流体均质流体水平力水平线水力直径紊流光滑管区流体静力学流体静压力流体静应力高超音速流动（m>5）in compressible fluid 不可压缩流体in ertial coord in ate system 惯性坐标系in itial con diti on 初始条件in put 输入inten sity of turbule nee 紊流（强）度in terface 分界面internal en ergy 内能in ternal fricti on 内摩擦in viscid fluid 无粘性流体irrotati onal flow 无旋流动irrotati onal moti on 无旋运动isen tropic process 定熵过程isotropic flow 均质流动isotropic fluid 均质流体KKarma n vortex street 卡门涡街kin etic en ergy 动能kin ematic moleculer theory 分子运动论kin ematic similarity 运动相似性kin ematic viscosity/ kin etic viscosity 运动粘度/动力粘度Kutta-Joukowski theorem 库塔一儒可夫斯基定理LLagra nge method 拉格朗日方法Lagra ngia n viewpo int 拉格朗日观点laminar boun dary layer 层流边界层laminar flow 层流laminar sublayer 层流底层Laplace operator 拉普拉斯算子Laplace's equati on 拉普拉斯方程Laval no zzle 拉伐尔喷管lift 升力lin ear accelerati on 线性加速度lin ear velocity 线速度liquid 液体liquid fluid 流体local accelerati on 当地加速度Mach an gleMach coneMach nu mbermassmass flow rate material derivative mean- time-average velocity mecha ni cal en ergy mercuryminor loss/local loss coefficie ntmixing-length theory/model mome nt of mome ntum mome ntum in tegral relati on mome ntum thick ness moody diagram move velocity multi-phase flowNNavier-stokes equati on n ear wall regi on Newt on's viscosity law Newt onian fluid no sources and sinks node non- steady flow non-uniform non-viscous fluid no rmal directio n no rmal line no rmal shock wave no rmal stressOoblique shockon e-dime nsional compressible flow on e-dime nsional flow 马赫角马赫锥马赫数质量质量流量随体导数时均速度机械能水银局部阻力/局部水头损失系数混合长理论/模型动量矩动量积分关系式动量厚度莫迪图平移速度多相流流动纳维一斯托克斯（N-S）方程近壁区牛顿粘性定律牛顿流体无源无汇节点非定常流动非均匀流动非粘性流体法向法线正激波法向应力斜激波一维可压缩流动一维流动one order ten sor ope n cha nnel flow ope n system order of magn itude orifice orifice plate outputPparallel flow parameter particle path path line perfect gas pipe flow Pitot-static tubePitot tube pla ne flow pla ne jet point of in flexi on point of tran siti on pote ntial en ergy potential flow powerPran dtl mixing len gth Pran dtl nu mber pressure differe ntial pressure drag pressure field pressure force pressure gauge pressure gradie nt pressure head pressure waveQqua ntum mecha nics quasi-static process quasi-steady theory 一阶张量明渠流动开口系统量级孔口孔板输出平行流（动）参数质点轨迹迹线理想气体管流皮托一静压管皮托管平面流动平面射流拐点过渡点势能势流功率普朗特混合长度普朗特数压差压差阻力压强场压力压强计压强梯度压强水头压力波量子力学准静态过程准定常理论radial velocity ratio of specific heats real fluid real gas recta ngular coord in ate system reduced Navier-Stokes equati on Reyno lds nu mber resonance Reyno lds stressrotati on velocity rotati onal flow rough-pipe zone of flow rough nessSsame mass flow sec on dary flow separati on point sharp-crested weir shear stress shear deformati on shock wave similarity sink siph on skin(or wall) frict ion small perturbati on sonic barrier sonic flow sound wave source specific force of gravity specific heat speed of sound spherical coord in ate system Stokes' viscosity law stress ten sor 经向速度比热比粘性流体真实气体，实际气体直角坐标系简化纳维一斯托克斯方程雷诺数共振雷诺应力旋转速度有旋流动流动的光滑管区粗糙度均质流二次流流动分离点尖顶堰剪切力剪切变形激波相似性汇虹吸管表面（或壁）摩擦（力）小扰动声障声速流动声波源比重比热声速球坐标系斯托克斯粘性定律应力张量stressstag nati on point stag nati on pressure stag nati on temperature sta ndard atmosphere static pressure steady flow strain rate ten sor streamli ne stream fun cti onstreamli ne form stream tube Strouhal nu mber subcritical flow subs onic flow supercritical flow supers onic flow surface force surface tensionTtemperature gradie nt tensortheory of similarity thermal con ductivity thermal field thi n-plate orifice flowmeter total drag total flow total pressure tracti on force tran sformatio n transonic flow tran sport theorem tria ngular weir turbo-machi nery turbule nt boun dary layer turbule nt en ergy turbule nt flow 应力驻点驻点压强驻点温度标准大气压静压强定常流动变形速度张量流线流函数流线形流管斯特劳哈尔数亚临界流动亚声速流动超临界流动超声速流动表面力表面张力温度梯度张量相似性理论热传导率温度场薄孔板流量计总阻力总流量总压强拉力转换跨音速流动输运定理三角堰涡轮机械湍流（紊流）边界层湍流（紊流）能量湍流（紊流）turbule nt jet two-dimensional flowUU - tube uniform flow unit vector un steady flowVvelocity velocity circulati on velocity gradie nt velocity head velocity of sound velocity pote ntial Ven turi flowmeter vertical force viscous sublayer viscosity viscosity factor viscosity resista nee 湍流（紊流）射流二维流动U型管均匀流动单位矢量非定常流动viscous fluidvolume of flowvolume flowvon Karma n in tegral mome ntum equati on vortex vortex flowvortex linevortex streetvortex stre ngthvortex tubevorticityWwake vortex wavedrag wave len gthwave speed 速度速度环量速度梯度速度水头音速速度势文丘里流量计垂直力层流底层粘度粘度系数粘性阻力粘性流体流量容积流量卡门动量积分方程涡旋涡流涡线涡街涡强度涡管涡量尾涡流波阻波长波速well-ordered mean-time-average flow wind tunnel wake work 有序时均流风洞尾涡区功附录H 常用单位换算注(英)(美)1ft3=7.480517gal (美)=6.228839gal (英)=2.831685X 10-2m3。