拉丁文辞典语法缩略词GENERAL ABBREVIATIONSa.,adj. adjective 形容词abbrev. abbreviation(s) 缩略词abl. ablativ 夺格(离格)absol. absolute(ly) 无限制的abst. abstract(ly) 抽象acc. accusative,according to 宾格act. active(ly) 主动语态ad. (in etym.) adaptation of 改写adj. adjective 形容词adjl. adjectival. 形容词的adv. adverb 副词advl. adverbial(ly) 状语的,副词的agr. agriculture 农业anal. analogy 类比app. apparently 表面上appel. appellative(ly) 通称appos. apposition 同格,同位,并列Arab. Arabic 阿拉伯的arch. archaic 古代的Arm. Armenian 亚美尼亚语AS. Anglo-Saxon 盎格鲁撒克逊人astrol. astrology 占星术astron. astronomy,astronomical 天文学Av Avestan 阿维斯陀语c. circiter, about 大约card. cardinal 基数词catachr. catachrestically 用词不当cf. confer, compare 比较cj. conjecture 推测cl. clause 从句class. classical 古典的cod, codd codex, codices 法律cogn. cognate 同源的collat. collateral 旁系的colloq. colloquial 口语的comp. compound,composition 成分compar. comparative 比较的compl. complement 补语concr. concrete 具体的conj. conjunction,conjungation 连词const. construction,construed with 解释contemp. contemporary with 同时代contr. contractedCorn. Cornish 凯尔特语cos. consul 执政官dat. dative 与格def. definition 定义dep. deponent 异态的deriv. derivative,derivation 衍生dim. diminutive 小的dir. direct 直接的dissim dissimilated, dissimilation 异化dist. distinguish,distinguishable,distinct 分辨disyll. disyllabic 双音节的dub. dubi(us),doubtful 不确定的Ed. edict 法令ed.,edd. edited by, editor(s) 编辑ellipt. elliptical(ly) 省略的emph. emphasis,emphatic 强调Eng. Englishep. epithet 称号erron. erroneous(ly) 错误esp. especially 特别Etr. Etruscan 伊特鲁里亚语etym. etymology 语源学euphem. euphemism,euphemistic(ally) 委婉语ex. example 例exc. except:(in refs.)exerpta 除了exclam. exclamation,exclamatory 感叹词expl. explanation, explained 解释expr. expression,expressing,expressed 表达f.,fem. feminine 阴性facet. facetious(ly) 玩笑的fig. figurative(ly) 比喻foll. following,followed 遵从fr. fragment 片Fr. Frenchfreq frequent(ly) 常fut. future 未来Gael. Gaelic 盖尔人语Gall. Gallic 高卢gd.,gdve. gerund,gerundive 动名词的gen. genitive 属格geog. geography,geographical 地理geom. geometry,geometrical 几何Ger. German 德语Gk. Greek 希腊语Goth. Gothic 哥特人gram. grammar, grammatical 语法Heb. Hebrew 希伯来语的heter. heteroclite 不规则变化的hyperb. hyperbolically 夸张IE. Indo-Europeanimp. imperative 祈使句impers. impersonal 无人称的impf. imperfect 未完成的inanim. inanimate 无机的inc. incerta,incertorum,uncertain 不确定ind. indicative 陈述indecl. indeclinable 无语尾变化的indir. indirect 间接的inf. infinitive 不定式inscr. inscription(s) 铭文instr. instrument(al) 工具interj. interjection 感叹词interp. interpolated 加入,篡改interr. interrogative 疑问词, 疑问句intr. intransitive 不及物的Ir. Irish 爱尔兰语iron. ironical(ly) 讽刺irreg. irregular(ly) 不规则的It. ItaliaL. Latinleg. legal(ly),in legal use 法律的Let. Lettish Lett语LG. Low German 低地德语lit. literal(ly) 字面的Lith. Lithuanian 立陶宛语的loc. locative 位置格log. logic(al) 逻辑m.masc. masculine 阳性med. medical 医学的metath. metathesis 换位MHG. Middle High German 中古高地德语mil. in military usage 军事用途monosyll. monosyllabic 单音节的mus. musical, in music 音乐的mythol. mythology.mythological 神化n.,neut. neuter 中性的naut. nautical(ly) 航海的neg. negative 否定nom. nominative 主格num. numeral 数O. Old(of language)obj. object(ive) 宾语obs. obsolete 过时的obsc. obscene 猥亵occ. occasional(ly) 偶然的OHG. Old High German 古高地德语OIce. Old Icelandic 古冰岛语OIr. Old IrishON. Old Norsonomat. onomatopeic(ally) 像声的opp. opposite 相反的or.,obl. oratio obliqua 委婉表达ord. ordinal 序数词orig. origin,original(ly) 原本orthog. orthography 正字法Osc. Oscan 欧斯干语OSl. Old (Church) Slavonic 旧斯拉夫语parenth. parenthetic(ally) 附加说明的part. partitive(ly) 表示部分的词pass. passive(ly) 被动的perh. perhapsperiphr. periphrastic(ally) 冗赘的Pers. Persian 波斯pers. personpf. perfect 完成式Pg. Portuguese 葡萄牙语phil. in philosophy 哲学上phon. phonetic(ally) 语音的phr. phrase 词组pl. plural 复数pleon. pleonastic(ally) 冗言的plpf. pluperfect 过去完成式poet. poetic 诗的poss. possessive 所有格ppl. participial 分词的pple. participle 分词pr. preface,proem,prologue 序Pr. Provencal 人,语praet. praetor 执政官prec. preceding, preceded 之前pred. predicate, predicative(ly) 谓语,表语pregn. pregnant(ly) 含蓄的prep. preposition 介词pres. present 现在的prob. probably,probable 可能prol. proleptic 预期的pron. pronoun,pronominal 代词prop. proper(ly) 严格意义上的pros. in prosody 韵律上prov. proverb,(proverbially) 谚语qu. question 问题quot. quotation 引语ref. reference,referring 参考refl. reflexive 反身代词rel. reflective 反身的relig. (in) religion,religious 宗教repr. representing 代表ret. retained 保留rhet. in rhetoric 修辞上Rom. Romancerptd. repeated 重复Russ. RussianSam. Samnite 意大利一古民族人[语]的sb. substantive 作名词用的词或词组S.c. Senatus Consultum 元老院法令sc. scilicet 即Sem. Semitic 闪含语系闪语族的语言sg. singular 单数sim. similar 相似的Skt. Sanskrit 梵语Sl. Slavonic 斯拉夫人[语]Sp. Spanish 西班牙(语)的sp. speechspec. specific(ally) 详细sts. sometimessub.cl. subordinate clause 从句subj. subject(ive),subjective 主题suff. suffix 后缀sup. supine 不活动的superl. superlative 最佳的surv. (in) surveying 概括论述s.v.l. si uera lectiosyll. syllable 音节syn. synonym 同义词synec. synecdoche 提喻法tech. technical(ly) 工艺的term. termination 终止tm. (in)tmesis 插词法topog. topographical(ly) 地质的tr. transitive 及物的transf. (in)transferred(sense)transf.ep. transferred epithet 转移修饰语transl. translating, translation of 翻译trisyll. trisyllabic 三音节的Umb. Umbrian 翁布里亚语unkn. unknown 未知usu. usual(ly) 通常var. variant(of) 变异vb. verb 动词vbl. verbal 动名词Ved. Vedic 吠陀梵语v.l. uaria lectio 异文voc. vocative 呼格w. withwd. word汉英术语对照表(按汉语拼音顺序排列) i 词干名词i-stem noun半异态动词semideponent伴随夺格ablative of accompaniment被动(语)态passive voice比较(等级) comparison比较夺格ablative of comparison比较级comparative degree变格(法) declension变位(法) conjugation宾格accusative (case); objective (case) 宾语object宾语不定式objective infinitive宾语属格objective genitive补充不定式complementary infinitiv不定冠词indefinite article不定式infinitive不规则动词irregular verb不及物动词intransitive verb材料属格genitive of material差异夺格ablative of degree of difference 词干stem词根base，roo1词汇(表) vocabulary词类parts of speech词尾ending词形变化表paradigm词源(学) etymology从句subordinate c1ause代词pronoun单数single地点夺格( 从何处) ablative of place from which 地点夺格(在何处) ahlative of place where地点结构place construction第二变格(法) second declension第二变位(法) second conjugation第三变格(法) third declension第三变位(法) third conjugation第四变格(法) fourth declension第四变位(法) fourth conjugation第五变格(法) fifth declension第一变格(法) first declension第一变位(法) first conjugation定冠词definite article动词verb动词变位缩写式synopsis动词性名词verbal noun动词性形容词verbal adjective动名词gerund动形词(将来时被动态分词) gerundive (fu1ure passive participle) 独立夺格ablative absolute独立句independent c1ause短语(习语、惯用语) phrase夺格ablative (case)反身代词possessive pronoun反身物主代词reflexive possessive方式夺格ablative of manner分词participles分词短语participial phrase分离夺格ablative of separation辅音consonant附带条件从句proviso clause复合词compound复合动词compound verb复数plural副词adverb感叹词interjection格case关系代词relative pronoun关系与格(兴趣与格) dative of reference (dative of interest)冠词article过去完成时pluperfect tense (past perfect)后置词postpositive word后缀suffix呼格vocative (case)基本时态primary tense基数词cardinal numeral及物动词transitive verb间接宾语indirect object间接陈述indirect statement间接命令句jussive noun clause间接问句indirect question间接引语indirect quolation将来时future tense将来时被动态不定式future passive infinitive将来时被动态分词(动形词)future passive participle (gerundive) 将来时不定式future infinitive将来时不定式主动态future active infinitive将来时主动态分词future active participle将来完成时future perfect结果从句result clause介词preposition句法syntax可能性大的将来future more vivid可能性小的将来future less vivid历史时态historical tense连词conjunction流音liquid罗曼语(罗曼诸语言) Romance languages 描述夺格ablative of description描述属格genitive of description名词substantive; noun命令句imperative sentence命令式imperative目的从句purpose clause目的动名词supine派生词derivative派生时态secondary tense派生语derivative language祈愿句jussive clause祈愿式jussive祈愿虚拟式jussive subjunctive前缀prefix强势代词intensive pronoun屈折变化inflection屈折形式inflected form屈折语inf1ected language人称person人称词尾personal ending人称代词personal pronoun塞音stop施事(者)agent施事夺格ablative of (personal) agent施事与格dative of agent时间夺格(何时/期间) ablative of time when or within which 时间结构time construction时态tense时态序列sequence of tenses式(语气) Mood手段夺格(工具夺格)ablative of means or instrument数number数词numeral双元音diphthong属格genitive (case)属有possession缩约contraction所有格possesslve case特殊动词special verb特征关系从句relative clause of characteristic 条件(从)句conditional sentences; condition 同化assimilation同位语apposition同源词cognate (word)同源语cognate language完成时perfect tense完成时被动态分词perfect Passive participle 完成时不定式perfect infinitive完成时不定式被动态perfect passive infinitive 完成时不定式主动态perfect active infinitive 完成时系统perfect system未完成时imperfect tense位置格locative case谓语predicate谓语形容词predicate adjective谓语性名词predicate substantive无人称动词impersonal verb物主代词possessive pronoun物主与格dative of possession现在时present tense现在时不定式present infinitive现在时不定式被动态present passive infinitive 现在时不定式主动态present active infinitive 现在时分词present particle现在时系统present system现在时主动态分词present active participle现在完成时present perfect限定动词finite verb限定形式。