法院实用英语词汇The International Court of Justice (ICJ) 联合国国际法院Jurisdiction审判权司法权the UN Security Council 联合国安全理事会veto power 否决权Command theory 指挥理论customary law 习惯法jus cogens 强行法adjourn：延期再审alibi：不在现场证明appeal：上诉appear (in court)：出庭bailiff：庭丁，(法庭)警卫by-law：条例，细则clause：法律条款defendant：被告dismerit(traffic offense point)：（交通违规记）缺点driving under influence：嗑药后驾驶driving while intoxicated (DWI)：酒醉后驾驶evidence：证据fine：罚锾first offense：初犯hear：(法官)审理hit and run：肇事后逃离现场illegal parking：违规停车indict：起诉jaywalking：违规穿越马路judge：法官negligent driving：不小心驾驶parallel parking：平行停车perjury：伪证plead guilty [not guilty]：认罪 [不认罪]preside：(法官)列席recess：休庭reckless driving：鲁莽驾驶ruling：裁决run the red light：闯红灯speeding：驾车超速take an oath：宣誓testify：做证traffic court：交通法庭traffic regulations：交通规则traffic violation：交通违规民商法学与经济法学专业词汇按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment办理注销登记：cancel the registration 被代理人：the principal被侵权人 the infringed本人名义：in one’s name标的subject matter补偿制度compensation system不动产登记制Lot and Block System财产法 property law财产的添附accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权 property mortgage财产继承权：the right of inheritance 财产关系和人身关系：property relations hips and personal relationships财产管理人 property administrator; cu stodian of property财产混同 confusion; hotchpot财产留置权 encumbrance采用书面形式：in writing仓单 warehouse voucher草签合同 initial a contract; sign a r eferendum contract; ad referendum con tract长期合同 long-term contract偿付能力 solvency capability of reimb ursement超越代理权：beyond the scope of on e’s power of agency撤消合同cancellation of contract?撤销合同 cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract撤销权 right of rescission; right of revocation撤销要约 revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠 cancellation o will; revocat ioni of will承运人 actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权carrier’s lien诚信原则 principle of good faith诚实信用原则：principle honesty and cr edibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bo na fide principle船舶承租人 charterer船舶抵押权 right of mortgage with res pect to a ship; mortage of the ship; ship mortgage船舶抵押权的设定 establishment of mor tgage of the ship船舶抵押的消灭 extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权登记 registration of ship m ortgage船舶留置权 possessory lien; lien of s hip村民委员会：the village committee惩罚性的损害赔偿 punitive damages乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unf avorable position处分财产 dispose of properties处分权 act of disposition处分原则 principle of disposition代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by代理权终止：the expiration of one’s p ower of agency单独承担的责任 undivided responsibili ty单方法律行为unilateral obligation单方行政行为 unilateral administrativ e act等价有偿：making compensation for equa l value对等原则principle of reciprocity对价consideration对抗措施counter measure对人权right in personam; personal rig ht对世权 real right; right in rem恶意串通：conspire maliciously恶意行为ill will mala fides法人 judicial person; legal body法人的权利能力 legal capacity of juri stic person法人的责任能力 capacity for responsib ility of juristic person法人权限 corporate power法人人格 corporate personality法人身份 status of a legal person法人团体 corporation法人资格 corporate capacity法人组织章程：the articles of associat ion of the legal person负共同连带责任 liable jointly and sev erally负全部责任 bear all responsibilities; in all charge负有解释的义务 accountable负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors附带的条件 incident附带要求 contingent claim附带原因 contributory cause; inherent cause附条件的民事法律行为：conditional civi l juristic acts附条件的权利 conditional right赋予权力 entitle个体工商户：individual businesses个人合伙：individual partnership各尽所能，按劳分配 from each accordingto his ability, to each according to his needs给付定金：leave a deposit with the oth er party工商行政管理机关：the administrative a gency for industry and commerce公民基本义务 fundamental duties of ci tizens合同contract合同法contract law合同副本 copies of the contract合同规定 contract provisions/stipulat ions合同履行地法 lex loci contractus合同期限contract period (or contract term)合同条款contract terms (or contract c lause)合同有效期contract life合同正本 originals of the contract合伙人：partners合议制 collegial system核准登记的经营范围：within the range a pproved and registered恢复原状 recovery of original state; restitution; restoration of he origin al conditions; retitutio in integrum 集体所有制企业：an enterprise under co llective ownership技术合同纠纷案件 controversy over a t echnology contract监护人：guardian经主管机关核准登记：approved and regis tered by the competent authority居民委员会：the neighborhood committee 履行监护职责：fulfill duty of guardian ship埋藏物、隐藏物：buried or concealed ob ject买卖、出租、抵押、转让：be sold, lease d, mortgaged or transferred农村承包经营户：leaseholding farm hous eholds平等主体：civil subjects with equal st atus企业法人被撤销：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person企业法人分立、合并：the division and m erger of an enterprise as legal perso n企业法人解散：disbanding of an enterpr ise as legal person契约自由 liberty of contract取得不当得利：profits acquired imprope rly and without a lawful basis取得法人资格：be qualified as a legal person全民所有制企业：an enterprise owned by the whole people让与 alien; alienate; assign; cede让与的利益 benefit of cession让与权 benefit of cessioni设定义务的规则 rule of imposing duty设立、变更、终止民事关系：establish, c hange or terminate civil relationship 所有权 ownership书面合同 a written contract双倍返还定金：repay the deposit in dou ble双方法律行为 bilateral legal transact ion擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）：alte r or rescind one’s act arbitrarily他物权 right over the property of ano ther提供一定的财产作为抵押物：offer a spec ific property as a pledge违反合同breach of contract委托代理：entrusted agency委托代理人：an entrusted agent无过错责任 liability without negligen ce无民事行为能力人：a person having no c apacity for civil conduct无因管理：act as manager or provide se rvices in order to protect another pe rson’s interests when he is not legal ly or contractually obligated to do s o下落不明one’s whereabouts have been unknown限制民事行为能力人：a person with limi ted capacity for civil conduct享有连带权利的每个债权人：each of the joint creditors行使代理权：exercise the power of agen cy宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人：declar e … to be a person t o be without or with limited capacity for civil condu ct遗失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects, flotsam以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还：to keep the pledge to offs et the debt or have priority in satis fying his claim out of the proceeds f rom the sale of the pledge以合法形式掩盖非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which co nceal illegitimate purposes以欺诈、胁迫的手段：as a result of che ating or coercion意思表示show one’s intention意思表示真实：the intention expressed is genuine优先购买的权利：a right of pre-emption 优先权 priority, preemptive right有过错的一方：the erring party有连带责任的 conjunctly and severally 有权向债务人追偿：have the right to cl aim repayment from the debto造成财产损失：cause any property loss 责任能力 capacity for responsibility 责任年龄 capacity of responsibility; year of discretion债的标的 object of obligation债的发生 creation of obligation债的消灭 extinction of obligation占有人有权留置该财产：the possessor sh all have a lien on the property指定代理：appointed agency执行合同 carry out a contract,?? exec ute/implement/fulfill/perform a contr act主要办事机构：the main administrative office追偿：claim compensation from住所：domicile刑法学和行政法学专业词汇帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据罪 crime of ai ding a client to destroy or forge evi dence绑架妇女儿童罪 crime of kidnapping wo men and children包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪 crime of ha rboring a mafia-style syndicate包庇毒品犯罪分子罪 crime of harboring drug criminals报复陷害罪case of retaliation and fra me-ups必要共同犯罪 indispensable joint crim e并科原则 doctrine of cumulating punis hments剥夺权利deprival of rights不能犯 impossibility; unrealized offe nse参加恐怖活动组织罪 crime of taking part in an organization engaged in terr orist activities超越管辖权 excess of jurisdiction超越职权范围overstep one’s authority 惩办和宽大相结合combine punishment wi th leniency惩办少数、改造多数的原则 principle of punishing the few and reforming the m any惩罚措施 punitive measure惩罚性制裁 punitive sanction惩罚与教育相结合 combination of punis hment and education处以刑罚 inflict punishment处以有期徒刑 sentence to fixed-term i mprisonment触犯法律 break the law; violate the l aw抽逃出资罪 crime of flight of capital contribution抽象行政行为 abstract administrative act出口骗税犯罪活动 criminal activities of cheating out of tax rebates in exp ort出售伪造发票罪 crime of selling count erfeit currency出于对法律的无知 from ignorance of la w出于恶意 from malevolence从轻处罚 gie a lesser punishment从重处罚 give a severer punishment单位受贿罪 crime of bribe taken by a unit单一犯罪构成 single constitution of c rime盗伐林木罪 crime of illegally choppin g down trees; crime of illegally fell ing trees盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪 crime o f stealing or seizing guns, ammunitio n or explosives盗窃犯 theft act; larcenist渎职犯罪案件case of dereliction of du ty对象不能犯 object impossibility多次作案 repeatedly commit crimes罚不当罪 punishment does not fit the crime犯意 criminal intent; mens real犯罪低龄化 lowering ages of criminal offenders犯罪动机 criminal motive犯罪构成 constitution of a crime; con stitutive elements of a crime犯罪构成要件 special constitutive ele ments of crime犯罪故意 criminal intent; guilty inte nt; meas rea犯罪集团 criminal gang; criminal grou p犯罪客观要件 objective circumstances of a crime犯罪客体 criminal object; object of a crime犯罪实行终了 completion of a criminal act犯罪学 criminology犯罪预防 crime prevention犯罪中止 discontinuance of crime; des istance of crime犯罪主观方面要素 subjective elements of crime犯罪主体 subject of crime犯罪着手 initiate a crime犯罪组织 criminal organization贩卖毒品罪 drug offense; crime of dru g trafficking防卫过当 unjustifiable self-defense 防卫挑拨 instigation of defense; provocation of defense防卫限度 limit of defense防止类似事件重演 prevent the recurren ce of similar incidents妨碍公务罪 crime of disrupting public service妨害公共安全罪 crime of impairing pub lic security放弃权利 withdraw a claim; waive a ri ght非法持、私藏枪支、弹药罪 crime of ille gally holding or hiding a firearm or ammunition非法持有毒品罪 crime of illegally hol ding drugs非法干涉 illegal intervention非法干预 unlawful interference非法出售增值税专用发票罪 crime of ill egal selling invoice for exclusive us e of VAT非法活动 unlawful activities非法利益 unlawful interests非法手段 illegal means非强制性行政行为 non-coercive form of administrative action非正式的 informal; irregular非政府机关 non-governmental organizat ion非主要条件 non-essential stipulation 非专业的 non-professional诽谤罪 crime of defamation隔地犯 offense of segregation by loca tion隔时犯 offense of segregation by time 工具不能犯 impossibility of instrumen ts故意犯罪 calculated crime; intentiona l crime故意杀人罪 crime of intentional homic ide 故意伤害罪 crime of willful and malic ious injury管辖：jurisdiction惯犯 habitual criminal惯例 custom and usage过失犯罪 criminal negligence; involun tary crime; negligent crime国家赔偿案件 case of state compensati on国家赔偿的归责原则 principle of culpa bility for state compensation国家赔偿的双重过错原则 principle of d ual faults for state compensation国家赔偿法 state compensation law国家赔偿主体 subject of state compens ation国家权力机关 state authority国际审判机关 state judicial organs国家行政机关 state administrative org ans国家意志state’s will国家职能 function of the state国民待遇 national treatment黑社会性质的犯罪集团 gangland crimina l syndicate; mafia-style criminal gan g缓期二年执行 with a two-year reprieve 缓刑 probate cessat executio集合犯 aggregate offense; collective offense既遂犯 accomplished crime继承法 inheritance law继续犯 continuous crime加重处罚 give an aggravated punishmen t beyond the maximum prescribed假冒他人注册商标罪 crime of counterfe iting the registered trademark of ano ther假释 parole假想防卫 imaginative defense假想数罪 imaginatively several crimes 简单共同犯罪 simple joint crime间接故意 indirect intent; indirect ii ntentino教唆未遂 attempt of solicitation劫持船只、汽车罪 crime of hijacking a ship or an automobile劫持航空器罪 crime of skyjacking结果犯 consequential offen结果加重犯 aggregated consequential o ffense结合犯 combinative crime; integrated offense se拒不执行人民法院判决、裁定罪 crime of refusing o execute judgments or order s of the People’s Court具结悔过 make a statement of repenten ce具体行政行为 specific administrative act具体罪名concrete accusation绝对不确定法定刑 absolutely indetermi nate statutory punishment军人违反职责罪 crimes of soldiers vio lating military dutie抗税罪 offense of resisting taxes客体不能犯 object impossibility空白罪状 blank facts about a crime滥伐林木罪 crime of illegal denudatio n累犯 recidivist; repeat offender; cum ulative offense连续犯罪 continuing crime量刑 criterion for sentencing; senten cing criterion量刑不当 criterion for sentence量刑幅度 extent for discretionary act ion of sentencing虐待罪 crime of abusing member of on e’s family 挪用公款案 case of misappropriation o f public funds偶犯 casual offender; casual offense情节加重犯 aggravated offense by circ umstances情节特别严重 when the circumstances a re particularly wicked情节严重、构成犯罪的 when the circumst ances are so serious as to constitute a crime取保候审 post a bail and await trial with restricted liberty of moving扰乱公共场所秩序罪 crime of disturbin g order at public places刑法 criminal law刑罚 penalty; punishment刑事责任能力 criminal capacity行政法 administrative law; executive law行政法规 administrative laws and regu lations行政法学 administrative jurisprudence 行政解释 administrative interpretatio n行政救济 administrative remedy预防犯罪 anti-crime治安管理 security administration治安条例 security regulations法律专业词汇中英对照之A,Baction of debt 债务诉讼acquit 无罪adjourn 暂时停止执行administrative decision 行政判决结果ad damnum 主张一定数额的赔偿金adverse judgement 不利的判决affidavit 传票送达人所写的切结书affirm? 确定原判决affirm defence 积极的抗辩agency stage 行政机关的裁决agency hearing 听证会allegation 主张的事实american law 美国法an ex parte hearing 一方当事人到庭说明an adversary hearing 双方当事人到庭辩论answer 答辩状appellate jurisdiction 上诉管辖权appeal 上诉appellant? 上诉人appellee? 被上诉人appropriate 永久占有arrest the judgement 暂时终止法院判决结果arraignment 刑事案件法官与当事人之间安排案件的程序assigned counsel? 公设辩护人assumpsit 承诺履行bailment 寄托制度bail? 保释beyond the reasonable doubt? 超越合理的怀疑bill of Middlesex 早期诉讼当事人向国王秘书处申请的令状，同意发给后才能到国王法院进行诉讼bailliff 法庭内的法警bias? 偏见bench of conference 到法官室或法官面前进行会议bond 提供担保burden of proof 举证责任case law??? 案例法cause of action? 起诉理由chancellor? 衡平法官chancery division? 衡平法庭circuit court 巡回法院civil law? 大陆法civil right act 人权法案civil procedure 民事诉讼法clerk 书记官closing argument 诉讼结论co－defedant 共同被告common law 普通法、习惯法、一致法、共同法compurgation 宣誓采证法compurgatory 宣誓采证法中的证人complaint 起诉状concurrent jurisdiction 竞合管辖权consideration 约因consortium 婚姻生活权；配偶权；亲权contempt of court 藐视法庭罪contract under seal 封印契约contributory negligence 加工过失corpus juris secundum 美国法律百科全书counterclaim 反诉court of common pleas 民诉法院court of king's bench? 王室法院court of exchequer? 财务法院court of exchequer chamber? 财务上诉法院country court 乡镇法院court of common bench 民诉法院court of chancery 衡平法院court of justice of the peace 地方治安法院court of probate 遗嘱继承法院court of divorce 婚姻法院court of appeal in chancery 衡平上诉法院court of crown cases reserved 皇室上诉法院court of assize 巡回法院court of outside the united kingdom 英国境外各法院court of first instance 第一审法院court of second instance 第二审法院court of the international trade 国际贸易法院court of appeals for the federal circ uit 联邦巡回上诉法院covenant 封印契约赔偿令状cross claim 被告间诉讼cross examnation? 复向对方提出之证人curia regis 国王的法院damages 损害赔偿debt 返还确定金钱的令状decree 衡平法院作成的判决deductive reasoning 演绎法default judgement 一造判决defendant 被告defendant in error 被上诉人demurrer 驳回deposition 诘问内容作成的笔录detinue 非法留置的动产回复令状dialectical reasoning 论理（辩证）方法direct examination 诘问自己提出辩证direct verdict 法官指示陪审团作出直接判决discovery process 发现程序dismiss 驳回dissenting opinion 不同意见书district court 地方法院diversity jurisdiction 多元管辖权docket 案件登陆dual system 双轨并行制度due process 正当程序ejectment 不动产侵害令状en banc 法院全体法官共同审理equatible right衡平上的权利equatible defence 衡平抗辩estate 遗产ex post facto 溯及既往expert witness 专家证人express mention 明示其一排除其他原则expressio unius est exclusio alterius 明示其一排除其他原则exclusive jurisdiction 排他的管辖权exclusionary rule? 证据排除法则eyre system 巡回制度felony 重罪foreman of jury 陪审团主席forms of action 严格的诉讼形式forum 法院fountain of all justices 正义的源泉freehould interest in land 对土地有完全权利者general assumpsit 不当得利令状general jurisdiction 一般管辖权geografhic jurisdiction 地域管辖权grand jury 大陪审团habeas corpus 人身保护令状hearsay evidence? 传闻证据high court of justice 高级法院holding? 法院判决house of lords 上议院house of commons 下议院hearing 听证会impeach 质疑证人的可信度impleader 第三人诉讼implied promise 默示承诺in personam jurisdiction 对人诉讼independent source rules 独立咨询取得的证据indictment 起诉inductive reasoning 归纳法inevitable discovery rule 当然发现原则inferior court 美国联邦法院第一级法院统称小法院information 检察官的起诉状in good faith 诚信善意原则injunction 禁止命令instruction 法官向陪审团作指示interlocutory appeal 中间上诉intermediate appellate court 中间上诉法院inerrogatory 诘问的问题issues? 争点joint and several liability 连带赔偿责任judicial act 司法法案judicial committee of the privy counc il 枢密院司法委员会judgement on the verdict 确定原判决judgement notwithstanding the verdict 自行判决jurisdiction over the subjuct matter 对物诉讼jury 陪审团juvenile court 青少年法院judgement 法官作成的判决。