宾语从句基本讲解与练习一、概念在句子中起到宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

二、连接词1. 陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that (在非正式场合that可以省略)。

that 在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有实在意思，只起到连接作用。

No one told Jack (that) there would be a class meeting the next day.没有人告诉杰克第二天有班会。

Little Tom was afraid (that) he couldn't pass the exam. 小汤姆担心这次考试不及格。

【拓展1】可跟that 从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, wish, hope, imagine, wonder, know, believe, agree, explain, feel, suggest, hear, mean, notice 等。

【拓展2】当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。

I don't think (that) he can give a speech at the meeting. 我认为他不会在会上发言的。

【拓展3】在think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, hope 等动词以及I'm afraid 等后，可用so 代替一个肯定的宾语从句，用not 代替一个否定的宾语从句。

eg: --- Do you believe he will come? 你相信他会来吗？--- I believe so. 我相信会。

--- I don't believe so. (或I believe not.) 我相信不会。

2. 以whether 或if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句是陈述句语序。

whether 或if 在从句中不充当任何成分，意为“是否”。

eg: “May I use your knife？” He asked me.→ He asked me if he might use my knife.【注意1】从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。

eg: “Do you know her telephone number？” He asked me.→ He asked me whether I know her telephone number.【注意2】：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。

① 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if。

eg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic. 我们在讨论是否去野餐。

② 引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether 。

eg: Please let me know whether to do next step. 请让我知道是否开展下一步行动。

Could you tell me whether you go or not? 能告诉我你是否去吗？3. 特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how。

引导词后要用陈述句语序。

疑问词在从句中充当相应的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语成分，且有自己的意义。

eg: "Who will give us a talk?" I don't know. → I don't know who will give us a talk.【注意1】特殊疑问句变为宾语从句后，句末用问号还是用句号完全取决于主句的句式：如主句为陈述句、祈使句，句末就用句号；如主句是疑问句，句末就用问号。

eg: "Do you know?" Where does he live? → Do you know where he lives?"Which subject do you like best?" He asked me. → He asked me which subject I liked best. 【温馨提示1】疑问句中主语之前的助动词若是do / does / did，变为宾语从句时，要先将其去掉，谓语动词再根据时态作相应的变化。

eg: "Why did you come to the party late yesterday? " Can you tell me?→ Can you tell me why you came to the party late yesterday?【温馨提示2】特殊疑问词在句中作主语，变为宾语从句时语序不变（时态应作相应变化）。

eg: "Who can answer the question?" The teacher asked.→ The teacher asked who could answer the question. 老师问谁能回答这个问题。

【温馨提示3】特殊疑问句在宾语从句中，要是主从句人称一致，一般可将宾语从句复合句改为简单句。

eg: I wonder how I can send an e-mail to you.→ I wonder how to send an e-mail to you. 我想知道如何给你发个电子邮件。

【特殊情况】：当do you think 后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为“引导词＋do you think ＋陈述句语序”。

eg: What do you think he is going to do next? 你认为他下一步打算做什么？三、宾语从句的时态1. 主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的实际情况需要使用相应的时态。

eg: The worker says （that） he works from Monday to Friday. 那名工人说他从周一至周五上班。

（从句是一般现在时）John says （that） he will leave a message on his desk. 约翰说要在他桌子上留个便条。

（从句是一般将来时）They will tell you （that） they are living / lived / will live / have lived in Shanghai. 他们会告诉你他们正住在上海/ 在上海住过/ 将住在上海/ 一直住在上海。

（从句是现在进行时/ 一般过去时/一般将来时/现在完成时）2. 主句是一般过去时，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。

eg: He told me that he didn't go to the library yesterday. 他告诉我他昨天没去图书馆。

（从句是一般过去时）He said （that） he was playing football at that time. 他说他那时在踢足球。

（从句是过去进行时）He said （that） he would post the letter. 他说他将要寄这封信。

（从句是过去将来时）They asked me whether I had been there before. 他们问我以前去没去过那里。

（从句是过去完成时）【注意1】如果从句有具体的过去时间状语，尽管从句动作发生在主句动作之前，有时仍用一般过去时。

eg: She told me her brother died in 1960. 她告诉我她哥哥1960 年去世的。

They said they checked everything yesterday. 他们说昨天他们全部检查过了。

【注意2】当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理、自然现象、科学原理或格言时，从句仍使用一般现在时态。

eg: The teacher told us （that） nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. 老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人。

四、随堂巩固练习1. Have you decided _______ for Australia?A.when will you leaveB. when do you leaveC. you will leave whenD. when you will leaveCan you tell me ________ ?A. where does Tom liveB. where Tom livedC. Tom lives whereD. where Tom livesThe old man asked me ___ .A. where was the cinemaB. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema wasD. where was the way to the cinemaI think __ you will like him.A. thatB. ifC. whyD. howI didn't know __ he will come or not.C. weatherD. how B. how much do these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost Ask him . A. whose cup this isB. whose cup is thisC. this is whose cupD. whose is this cupI don't know _______ .A. what time the movie startsB. what time starts the movieThe doctor asked me how long ___ .A. was I illB. have I been illC. I have been illD. I had been illThe weather forecast doesn't sayA. if it rains tomorrow C. if it will rain tomorrowDo you know ____ ?A. whose pen is this C. whom does the pen belong to Could you tell me where ____ ?A. the tape wasB. was the tapeC. the tape is 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9.10. 11. 12. 13.A. thatB. whetherI wonder ________. A. how much cost these shoesC. how much these shoes costShe asked me ________ . A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he isC. the time to start the movieD. the movie what time starts B. if does it rain tomorrowD. if will it rain tomorrow B. whose pen this isD. whom the pen belong toD. is the tape14.They want to know _______ ?A. where is the hospitalB. how old are youC. when the train will leaveD. why is the boy crying15.Tony wanted to know ______ .A. what had Father Christmas put in his stockingB.when Father Christmas had put in his stockingC.what Father Christmas had put in his stockingD.where Father Christmas had put in his stocking16.No one knows ______ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A. whenB. whetherC. whereD. if17.July didn't know ______ .A. where is Tim's fatherB. when was the first watch madeC. who the old man isD. what was wrong with her watch18.No one told us _______ , so we need your help.A. how should we doB. what we should doC. what to doD. what should we do19.We don't know _______ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A. how do itB. how to doC. what do itD. what to do20.He asked me _______ .A. whether I find out the sender of the moneyB.whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC.whether the sender of the money found outD. whether I found out the sender of the money21.Did you hear _______ ?A. what did I sayB. what I saidC. I said whatD. what I say22.Can you tell me ______ ?A. which class you are inB. which class are you inC. you are in which classD. are you in which class23.--- Excuse me. Could you tell me _____ ?--- Certainly.A. when can I get to the stationB. I can get to which stationC. which station can I get toD. how I can get to thestation 24. Could you tell me whereA. did you goB. you go 25. Tom asked me ______ .A. whose shirt was this C. who shirt was this 26. Excuse me, could you tell me ___ A. where's the teachers' office yesterday? C. you have gone DB. whose shirt this wasD. who shirt this was___?B. where's the bus stationC. where did we showD. where we shallshow32. --- What are you interested in about cooking food?--- We are all interested in ________ .A. how egg is friedB. how is egg friedC. How egg friesD. how does egg fryC. what's she doingD. where the post office is27. I want to see Mrs. Wang , but I don't know ______ .A. she lives whereB. she where livesC. where she livesD. where does she live 28. --- Go and ask Mr. White for help. --- But I don't know ________ .A. where does he live C. where is he living 29. --- Can you tell me ________ ?--- Yes, he lives in a small town.A. where he lives C. when he will leaveB. where he livesD. he lives thereB. who is singingD. what he said30. Have you decided _______ for London?A. when will you leave C. when are you going 31. Excuse me. Could you tell me A. where do we showB. when you will leaveD. when you are goingour tickets? B. where shall we showyou went33.Do you know _____ ?34. Do you know ____ ?A. whose book is thisC. this book is whose35. I don't know _____ now.36. Does he know ______ ? A. what's your nameC. what your is name37. Do you know _______ ?A. which floor he lives C. he lives on which floorB. what name is your D. what your name is B. which floor he lives onD. which floor does he lives on38. Tell me where ______ ?A. is the hospitalB. the hospital isC. is hospital39. He hasn't decidedA. if he'll go on a trip to Wu xiB. when will he go on a trip to Wu xiC. if he goes on a trip to Wu xiD. when does he go on a trip to Wu xi 40. Can you see ______ ? A. what he's reading B. what is he reading C. what does he read D. he reads whatA. what it isB. what is itC. who is heD. whose name is it A. where is my cat B. my cat is where C. where my cat isD. where my cat B. whose book this is D. who's book this is D. hospital is。