《英语语言学》参考答案
I.1—5 T F F T F 6—10 TF T F F 11—15 T F T T F
II.
I.[f] voiceless labiodental fricative
II.[r] alveolar retroflex liquid
III.[a:] low back vowel
IV.[k] voiceless velar stop
V.[i] lax high front vowel
III.
i) a) one b) three c) two d) four e) seven
ii)
a)
b)disgraceful
c)stepsister
d)
e)antidisestablishmentarianism
IV.(参见课件或教材)
V.1. A wants to stop B from smoking there.
2. Pre-request
VI. 1. Metaphor is the mapping from the source domain to the target domain. The domain to be conceptualized is called target domain, while the conceptualizing domain is termed the source domain. The transference of properties of the source domain to the target domain is referred to by some cognitive linguists as mapping. For example, neck is a part of human body, while the neck in the compound bottleneck is metaphorically used. The properties of human neck (source domain) have been transferred to the neck of the bottle (target domain).
2. linguistic competence accounts for a speaker's knowledge of his language. accounts for both the tacit knowledge of language and the ability to use it. According to Hymes (1972), there are four parameters that underlie a speaker's communicative competence, namely the ability to judge:
1. Whether (and to what degree) something is formally possible;
2. Whether (and to what degree) something is feasible;
3. Whether (and to what degree) something is appropriate;
4. Whether (and to what degree) something is in fact done.
3. Referential meaning (sometimes called denotative meaning) is widely believed to be the central meaning of words. It is comparatively more stable and universal. The word woman refers to female human adult. This kind of meaning of the word has not changed and will not change. Associative meanings are meanings that hinge on referential meaning. In contrast to referential meaning, they are less stable and more culture-specific. For example, although the referential meaning of the word king has not changed in English, English people today have different conceptions of the king than before. The English word pig may have the same referent as its equivalent in a language of Islamic culture. Yet, the。