Unit 15AestheticsWord Bankabridge：to make sth. shorter删节，缩略administer：to manage or direct管理alienate：to make someone unwilling to give support使疏远arbitrary：based on personal opinion rather than facts or reason任意的，随意的assume：to believe sth. to be true without strong proof; to expect假设；假定blemish：sth. that spoils perfection瑕疵，污点complexion：the natural color or appearance of the skin, esp. of the face面色；肤色conceive：to become pregnant with (a child) 孕育confess：to admit (a fault, crime etc) 承认；坦白demean：to cause to lose sense of personal pride贬损，降低身份detriment：the condition of suffering harm or damage损害，伤害disciple：a follower信徒disparage：to speak about without respect贬低，轻视dissect：to cut up so as to study the shape and relationship of the parts, as medical students do 解剖，切开enchantment: a delightful influence or feeling of delight魅力，着迷honorable：deserving honor值得尊敬的inferior：not good or less good in quality or value次的，差的lamentable：very unsatisfactory令人惋惜的，可叹的masculine：of or having qualities suitable for a man男性的，阳刚的narcissism：too great love for one's own abilities or physical appearance自恋，自我陶醉overtone：things that are suggested but not shown or stated clearly含义，弦外之音pagan：of a person who is not a believer of any of the chief religions of the world异教徒的paradox：a statement that contradicts itself悖论pedagogy：the practice of teaching or the study of teaching methods教学法，教育学preen：to dress up打扮privilege：a special advantage limited to a particular person or group特权，特殊待遇renounce：to give up (a claim) 声明放弃scrutiny：a close study or look仔细检查，详审seductive：very desirable or attractive有魅力的trivial：of little worth or importance琐碎的，没有价值的vestige：a sign, mark, track, or other proof that sb. or sth. formerly existed痕迹，残余Phrases and Expressionsattribute...to：to believe (sth.) to be the result or work of归因于，认为是…的结果be wary of：to be careful of谨防，谨慎deprive...of：to take sth. away from somebody剥夺distinguish：between to make a difference between区分，区别identify...with：to share feelings or ideas of others; to consider as similar to与…共鸣；视……为一体pass muster：to be accepted as satisfactory通过，合格prop up：to support支撑，支持set...adrift：to make sth. unfastened or loose使漂浮submit...to：to offer sth. to sb. for consideration上交，提交Reading ComprehensionI. Choose the best for each of the following.1. In Para. 1, we can know that in ancient Greece, __B___.A. there used to be the match of "inside" beauty and "outside" beautyB. inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kindC. "outside" beauty was more important than "inner" beautyD. one could be beautiful "inside" and ugly "outside"2. Beauty has acquired the implication of sexism mainly because of ___D__.A. the pedagogical acts of SocratesB. the influence of JesusC. men's ill intentionD. its being attributed to women3. The sentence "To be called beautiful is thought to name something essential to women's character and concerns." in Para. 5 implies __B___.A. women only care about their looksB. beauty is women's obligationC. women are beautifulD. women are not intelligent4. In Para. 9, men's attitude towards women's beauty is ___C__.A. disgustingB. confusingC. contradictoryD. changeable5. The author's tone in describing beauty is __D___.A. appreciativeB. negativeC. objectiveD. criticalII. Complete the following summary of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.Beauty has (1) acquired certain demeaning (2) overtones with the passage of time. In ancient Greece, beauty was considered a (3) virtue and it had nothing negative at all. If there was really a need to make a distinction between the inner beauty and oute beauty at all, the Greeks stressed the (4) match between the "inside" and the "outside". However, due to the influence of Christianity, beauty lost its (5) prestige. For close to two centuries, beauty has continuously been downgraded since it was (6) attributed only to women.Today, beauty has taken some coloring of sexism. Beauty is not a free choice or individual development any more. It has become a (7) duty and oppression for women. The attitude of the society towards women's beauty is also quite (8) paradox. On the one hand, women are defined as the Fair Sex, as "caretakers of their surfaces"; on the other hand, men look down upon women and describe them as being "superficial". To get out from this trap set by the society, particularly men, women themselves have to take some actions. They need to (9) d themselves enough from beauty, which is that excellence and privilege only attributed to them, to know the rationale which (10) backs the mythology of the "feminine".VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. The bank is very ___B__ about lending money.A. carefulB. cautiousC. waryD. productive2. The award was ___A__ to the famous U.S. physicist.A. grantedB. distributedC. attributedD. associated3. She is very beautiful, but she has a __B___ voice.A. feminineB. masculineC. manlyD. womanly4. She tried to ___A__ her balance, but failed.A. retainB. remainC. containD. detain5. The drug has no ___D__ on cancer.A. treatmentB. influenceC. affectD. effect6. After a period of exercise, she has a fair __D___.A. faceB. lookC. appearanceD. complexion7. Your prompt shipment will be __D___.A. likedB. enjoyedC. pleasedD. appreciated8. In some countries, education is a ___B__ enjoyed only by the upper class.A. rightB. privilegeC. dutyD. obligation9. My advice was completely __A___.A. ignoredB. negligentC. snoredD. stored10. Experience is a revelation in the light of which we __A___ our error of youth for those of aged.A. renouncedB. denouncedC. pronouncedD. announcedII. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.virtue occur to paradoxical deprive arbitraryvestige detrimental conceive blemish pass musteridentify inferior scrutiny negate disparage1. The president was engrossed in his job, which was detrimental to his health.2. In the exam, most of them passed muster, but still there were a few who failed.3. I don't mean to disparage your achievements.4. Most presidents in this African country are arbitrary rulers. They don't care the life of their people.5. It occurred to me that I forgot to lock the door.6. Popular music is often considered to be inferior to classical music.7. He was not the "tough guy" the public identify him with.8. Ted was a paradox: a loner who loved to chat to strangers.9. The criminal was deprived of political rights after he was sentenced.10. The documents should be available for public scrutiny.II. TranslationPut the following paragraph into English.基督教把美归于女性。