一般现在时
the present indefinite the past indefinite
一般过去时
一般将来时 the future indefinite 过去将来时 the past future indefinite
现在进行时 the present continuous 过去进行时 the past continuous 将来进行时 the future continuous 过去将来进行时 the past future continuous
＊
He said that he would come back the next day. She said that she would be setting off on the 10 o’clock train. He told them that he would have finished by six o’clock.
＊
1 unknown or unnecessary S. His car has been stolen. I was born in 1980. 2 emphasize action taker She is liked by everybody. English is spoken here by us.
虚拟语气 3. for speculation 推测
might, may, could, can, must
情v.+v.原→ 对现在状态或经常动作推测 情v.+be doing → 对此时此刻发生的动作行为推测 情v.+have done/have been doing → 对过去发生的事情进行推测 must的否定推测→can’t / couldn’t
Usage of aux. v. 1. to form negative V. I don’t like your hat. 2. to form a question Do you like my hat?
Usage of aux. v.
3. to form inversion
Never did I expect to see him.
S. + vt. + O. + … →O. + be + v-ed + by + S. S. + vt. +Oi. +Od. +… S. +vt. + O. +O.C. +…
＊
We gave her some books. →She was given some books (by us). →Some books were given to her (by us).
短语v. --phrasal verb
auxiliary verb
verb used with notional verbs to show tense, voice, or emphatic mood, and to form a question or negative statement; ＊ meaningless itself; ＊ can’t be used as V. alone
English Grammar
Verbs
classification forms features practice 1 2
实义v. ---notional verb (连)系v. ---link verb 助v. --- auxiliary verb 情态v. ---modal verb
及物v. --- transitive
将来完成进行时
the future perfect continuous
过去将来完成进行时
the past future perfect continuous
＊She
says she is a college student ～ she was a college student. ～ she will be a college student.
＊
＊
The boy asked the teacher to explain the sentence.
→The
teacher was asked to explain the sentence by the boy.
We heard them talk about that film. →They were heard to talk about that film. ＊ We heard them talking about ... →They were heard talking about that film.
☆各种虚拟句
☆表示轻微责备or遗憾
情态v. (not) + have done “本应…（而实际却没…）” “本不该/ave (been) done “过去计划中要做某事，实际上没 做”
区别: “shouldn’t + have done” 表示过去本不该做的事情 实际上却做了 “needn’t + have done” 表示过去本不必做的事情 实际上却做了
He told me that he was born in 1959. My mother told me that my grandfather went to Germany in 1917. ＊ Our teacher said that the earth is round and it goes round the sun.
＊ Has
he told you when he will leave for Beijing?/left for～ ? ＊ Will you tell me when you finished the work?
＊ She
told me she was a teacher. He said he was studying French. She explained to me that she had made the mistake chiefly out of carelessness. Betty said that she had been waiting for my call.
can could may might must shall should will would need dare ought to
Usage of modal v.
1. to indicate speaker’s tone and attitude 2. for subjunctive mood
＊
＊
I’ll be a singer when I grow up . If it is fine tomorrow, we’ll have a basketball match with Class Two.
voice of verbs
grammatical meaning ＊ classification ＊ transformation ＊ application ＊ special structures
verb (vt.) verb (vi.)
不及物v.--- intransitive
谓语v. --predicate verb 非谓语v.--non-predicate verb
规则v. --regular verb 不规则v. --irregular verb
终止性v. --terminative verb 持续性v. --durative verb
They shouldn’t have left so early. You needn’t have bought it. You needn’t have come here yesterday.
principal forms of verbs third-person singular form past form past participle (p.p.) present participle
4. to replace mentioned verb to avoid repetition
Do you like English? Yes, I do.
modal verb
verb used with notional verbs to indicate speaker’s feelings and attitudes, i.e. to express possibility, permission, obligation, etc.
grammatical meaning
a form of verbs indicating the relationship between the Subject and the Predicate
classification
active voice ＊ passive voice:
＊
be + p.p. (vt.)
We will make our country richer and stronger. →Our country will be made richer and stronger by us. ＊ We elected him our monitor. →He was elected our monitor by us.
She must be studying in the classroom now. She must have been working then. She may/might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw her.
simple sentence