Unit 31.ConflictN.冲突，矛盾•Conflict between A and B A与B之间的矛盾–宗教(religion)和科学之间的矛盾The conflict between religion and science•Be in conflict (with …) 有矛盾–这两个政党(party)从选举(election)以来就一直有冲突。

The two parties have been in conflict since the election.•武装冲突This is a serious dispute and could lead to armed conflict.Vi. (同……) 冲突；(同……) 抵触–英国的移民法与国际法有抵触么？Do British immigration laws conflict with any international laws?•互相矛盾的意见【建议、证词】Conflicting opinions/ advice/ evidence•We have planned an exciting publicity _B_ with our advertisers.A) struggle B) campaignC) battle D) conflict•The test results are beyond _D_; they have been repeated in labs all over the world.A) negotiation B) conflictC) bargain D) dispute2.QualifyVt. & VI. (使)具有[取得]资格•Qualify sb. to do sth. 赋予(某人)做……的资格–他所受的培训使他具有担任那项工作的资格。

His training qualified him for the job.•Qualify (for/as) sth. 取得……的资格–你有取得作为做一名教师的资格么？Did you qualify as a teacher?Adj. qualified有资格的, 适合的, 胜任的–他很适合担任那个职位。

He is well qualified for the position.N. qualification合格证书; 资格, 条件; 限制, 限定性条件;–杰克取得了行医资格证书。

Jack has obtained a medical qualification.–你有资格做这份工作。

Y ou have all qualifications to do the job.–该合同对双方都提出了几个限制性条件。

The contract has several qualifications for both parties.3.Contract•口头协定An oral (a verbal) contract•违约，背约 A breach of contract•婚约Marriage contract–他与这家公司签订有两年的(雇佣)合约。

He has a two-year contract (of employment) with the firm.Vt. (与…) 订(…的) 合同；承包(…)–他们缔结了一项协议。

They've contracted an agreement.Vi. Vt. 染患（疾病、恶习等）；缩小，（金属肌肉等）收缩–我儿子感染了肺炎My son contracted pneumonia(肺炎).–坏习惯很容易养成。

Bad habits are easy to contract.–金属冷却时体积缩小。

Metal contracts as it become cool.N. 契约, 合同–你一旦达成正式协议, 就应该和对方签订合同。

Once you have reached formal agreement, you should enter into a contract with the other party.•Contraction n.订约；(分娩时)子宫收缩；收缩, 缩短；缩减•Contractor n. 立合同的人，工程承包商•The advertisement sa ys this material doesn’t _C_ in the wash, but it has.A) contract B) shrinkC) slim D) dissolve4.Apparent•Be apparent to sb. …对某人来说很明显Adj. 显然的, 明白的, 清晰可见的–大家都看的出她焦虑不安。

Her anxiety was apparent to everyone.Adj. 貌似的；表面上的The apparent improvement in this year’s profits is due to the selling off of some of the company’s property.5.Approve•Approve of sb. sth. 或者doing sth. 赞成某人干某事Vi 赞成，同意，支持–我不赞成(人们)在床上吸烟。

I don’t approve of smoking in bed.I don’t approve of people who smoke in bed.N.•Approval 赞成，同意；认可，批准•Disapproval 不赞成，反对•If only the committee _D_ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.A) approve B) will approveC) can approve D) would approve6.JustifyVt. 证明（行为、言语等）正常、合理，为……辩护•Justify to sb. by doing 以…向（某人）证明…–这个男孩为自己辩护说他没有首先动手打人。

The boy justified himself by saying he did not begin the fight.–他说他来晚了, 企图以此向我辩解He tried to justify himself to me by saying that he was late.Adj.•Justified (in sth.) 有正当理由的，合理的N.•justification 正当的理由; 辩解的理由•These teachers try to be objective when they _B_ the integrated ability of their students.A) justify B) evaluateC) indicate D) reckon7.EnsureVt.确保[某事]发生，担保•Ensure that ….–如过你想确保赶上火车，最好乘出租车。

If you want to ensure that you catch the plane, take a taxi.•Ensure sb. sth–由他推荐，可以确保我得到工作。

His recommendation will ensure me a job.Ensure vs. Assure•Ensure: 确保某事肯定发生•Assure: 确保；使确信，使相信•He _ assured _ us of his ability to solve the problemThe excellent reviews given to the film have _ ensured; assured _ its success.a)run into•快速进入…; 流入…–风暴骤起, 轮船只得急忙躲进海港。

The ship has to run into the harbor when the sudden storm arises.•偶然遇见–昨天我在大街上偶然遇到了鲍勃。

I ran into Bob yesterday on Main Street.–如果你不当心，会碰到麻烦的。

Y ou will run into trouble if you don’t take care.•驱车造访…–我们今天到乡下转了一圈, 玩得很愉快。

We ran into the country today and had a wonderful day.•加起来, 累计达–他们的债务达到了几千英镑。

They had debts running into thousands of pounds.•(使)碰撞–她如此困倦, 以致撞到路灯杆上。

She was so sleepy that she ran into a lamppost.b) a multitude of•大量, 许多–有大量反对它的理由。

There is [are] a multitude of reasons against it.•大众, 民众, 群众–政治权力一直在民众手中。

Political power has been placed in the hands of the multitude.8.Escalate•(使)逐步升级; (使)逐步扩大–政府开始轰炸敌方的城市, 使战争进一步扩大。

The government escalated the war by starting to bomb enemy cities.•(使)更高, (使)更大–生活费用在迅速上涨。

The cost of living is escalating.9.Transfer•转移; 转让; 转录–布莱克转会到一个意大利足球俱乐部令他的所有拥护者大为震惊。

Blake’s transfer to an Italian football club came as a sh ock to all his supporters.•转移; 迁移–这家公司已搬到东部某地。

The company has transferred to an eastern location.10.Accept•接受, 领受, 收受–如果你接受的话, 请通知我。

If you accept, please let me know.•承担责任; 承兑–这家公司承兑私人支票。

The firm accepted personal cheques.•承认, 同意; 认为, 相信–请把我当作朋友。