妊娠晚期孕妇不同微生态状况对妊娠结局的影响桑秀丽DOI :10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-4756.2016.10.006作者单位:455000 河南省安阳市第三人民医院妇产科【摘要】 目的 探讨妊娠晚期孕妇阴道不同微生态状况对妊娠结局的影响。
方法 对2156例孕35周以上的产妇行阴道滴虫菌、衣原体、细菌性阴道病(BV )等检查,评估阴道微生态情况,共筛检出261例阴道微生态异常,其中136例有自觉症状者作为症状组,125例无自觉症状者作为无症状组,选取110例病原体阴性者作为对照组,分析阴道群异常情况及妊娠结局。
结果 症状组以外阴道假丝酵母菌病感染为主,占43.38%;无症状组以支原体感染为主,占47.2%,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。
症状组胎膜早破和产褥期感染的概率分别为28.26%、30.15%,明显高于无症状组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);无症状组和对照组比较差异未见统计学意义(P >0.05)。
症状组新生儿感染、新生儿黄疸概率分别为30.88%、28.68%,明显高于无症状组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);无症状组和对照组比较差异未见统计学意义(P >0.05)。
结论 妊娠晚期阴道微生态与妊娠结局存在密切关系,尤其是有自觉症状者,应积极接受治疗,降低不良妊娠结局的发生率。
【关键词】 阴道微生态;妊娠晚期;细菌性阴道病Effects of different micro ecological status of pregnant women in late pregnancy on pregnancy out-comes Sang Xiuli.Department of Obstetries ,the Third People ’s Hospital of Anyang ,Anyang455000,China【Abstract 】 Objective To investigate the effect of different micro ecological status of pregnantwomen in late pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes.Methods Twenty-one hundred and fifty-six pregnant women more than 35weeks of pregnancy for examinations such as trichomonas vaginalis bacteria ,chlamydia and bacterial vaginosis (BV )were selected as the research object ,and the vaginal micro eco-logical conditions were assessed.There were 261cases with vaginal micro ecological abnormalities inclu-ding 136cases with subjective symptoms as symptom group and 125without subjective symptoms as asymptomatic group.One hundred and ten cases with negative bacteria were selected as the control groupand the abnormalities of vaginal group and the outcomes of pregnancy were analyzed.Results The symptom group were mainly infected by VVC ,accounting for 43.38%.The asymptomatic group were mainly infected by mycoplasma ,accounting for 47.2%,with significant difference (P <0.05).The probability of premature rupture of membranes and puerperal infection of the symptomatic group were 28.26%and 30.15%respectively ,which were significantly higher than those of the asymptomatic group and the control group ,and the differences were significant (P <0.05);there was no significant difference between the asymptomatic group and the control group (P >0.05).The probabilities of neonatal infection and neonatal jaundice of the symptom group were 30.88%and 28.68%respectively ,which were signifi-cantly higher than those of the asymptomatic group and the control group with significant differences (P <0.05);there was no significant difference between the asymptomatic group and the control group (P >0.05).Conclusions There is a close correlation between vaginal microecology in late pregnancy and the outcomes of pregnancy.Pregnant women with subjective symptoms should be actively treated to re-duce the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.【Key words 】 Vaginal microecology ;Late pregnancy ;Bacterial vaginosis女性阴道微生态体系由阴道解剖功能、微生态菌群及内分泌调节功能共同组成,通过相互作用、相互调节,共同维持阴道生态平衡。
妊娠期间,产妇激素分泌异常可能造成阴道菌群失调,诱发早产、胎膜早破、宫内感染等不良妊娠结局[1]。
本研究主要探讨了妊娠晚期阴道微生态异常、病原体阴性产妇妊娠结局的差异,了解不同阴道微生态状况与妊娠结局的关系。
1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料:选取2012年7月至2014年7月行产检并分娩的妊娠晚期孕妇2156例作为筛查对象,共筛检出261例阴道微生态异常,年龄20 38(28.62ʃ2.59)岁,孕周35 42(38.29ʃ0.53)周。
其中初产妇146例,经产妇115例。
根据患者有无自觉症状分为症状组(136例)和无症状组(125例);另选取110例病原体阴性者作为对照组,年龄21 38(27.51ʃ2.14)岁,孕周36 41(27.51ʃ0.61)周;初产妇61例,经产妇49例。
排除产科并发症、内科并发症、近期服用免疫制剂、阴道局部用药、多胎妊娠者。
三组年龄、孕周等比较差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。
1.2 检测方法:询问患者是否存在外阴瘙痒、白带增多、白带异常等症状。
三组孕妇均清洁外阴道,在无菌窥阴器辅助下暴露阴道和宫颈,观察阴道分泌物,取无菌拭纸沾取分泌液,行衣原体、淋菌、支原体、细菌性阴道病(BV)、外阴道假丝酵母菌病(VVC)、滴虫性阴道炎(TV)等检查。
其中BV采用唾液酸酶法检查,VVC、TV采用盐水玻片法检查。
1.3 观察指标:①记录症状组和无症状组菌落群异常情况;②记录三组不良妊娠结局发生情况。
1.4 统计学方法:采用SPSS19.0统计学软件分析文中数据,计数资料以百分比(%)表示,采用χ2检验,P <0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果2.1 菌群异常:症状组以VVC感染为主,占43.38%;无症状组以支原体感染为主,占47.2%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1。
表1 两组阴道微生态异常孕妇菌群异常情况[例(%)]组别例数衣原体淋菌支原体BV VVC TV症状组13610(9.35)5(3.68)34(25.00)22(16.18)59(43.38)12(8.82)无症状组12513(10.40)1(0.80)59(47.20)15(12.00)27(21.60)10(8.00)P值>0.05>0.05<0.05>0.05<0.05>0.05 2.2 妊娠结局:三组早产、剖宫产率比较差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。
症状组胎膜早破和产褥期感染率明显高于无症状组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);无症状组与对照组比较差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。
见表2。
表2 三组产妇妊娠结局[例(%)]组别例数胎膜早破早产产褥期感染剖宫产对照组11011(10.09)2(1.82)2(1.82)49(44.55)症状组13639(28.68)ab7(5.15)41(30.15)ab57(41.91)无症状组1255(4.00)2(1.60)11(8.80)52(41.60)注:与无症状组比较,a P<0.05;与对照组比较,b P<0.052.3 新生儿结局:三组低出生体质量儿、胎儿窘迫发生率比较差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。
症状组新生儿感染、新生儿黄疸概率分别为30.88%、28.68%,明显高于无症状组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);无症状组与对照组比较差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。
见表3。
表3 三组新生儿结局[例(%)]组别例数低出生体质量儿新生儿感染新生儿黄疸胎儿窘迫对照组1102(1.82)9(8.18)9(8.18)20(18.18)症状组1365(3.68)42(30.88)ab39(28.68)ab22(16.18)无症状组1254(3.20)9(7.20)10(8.00)15(12.00)注:与无症状组比较,a P<0.05;与对照组比较,b P<0.053 讨论妇女阴道内存在多种细菌,如肠球菌、乳杆菌、消化球菌、表皮葡萄球菌等,尤其是乳杆菌,在维持阴道微生态平衡方面具有重要价值。