A statement of discussion or recommendation
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Abstract
Composing Letters with a Simulated Listening Typewriter
With a listening typewriter, what an author says would be automatically recognized and displayed in front of him or her. However, speech recognition is not yet advanced enough to provide people with a reliable listening typewriter. An aim of our experiments was to determine if an imperfect listening typewriter would be useful for composing letters.
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Participants dictated letters, either in isolated words or in consecutive word speech. They did this with simulations of listening typewriters that recognized either a limited vocabulary or an unlimited vocabulary. Results indicated that some versions, even upon first using them, were at least as good as traditional methods of handwriting and dictating. Isolated word speech with large vocabularies may provide the basis for a useful listening typewriter.
Unit 4 Elements of Theses and Journal Papers (3)
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Section F Acknowledgements Section G Abstract
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Section F Acknowledgements
• expressions of appreciation for assistance and guidance the recognition of generosity with time and knowledge by advisers and readers is a courtesy that is widely appreciated Permissions that you have obtained for quotations
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(1) Modern management is essentially about managing people as well as processes in a rapidly changing environment. (2) The author presents the factors which make “strategic management” effective. (3) A dominant factor is the organization climate which,in turn, is determined by the quality of the managers and the availability of alternatives. (4) To improve the organization climate in which strategic management can be effective, the quality
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of the managers is a crucial factor. (5) The scope for alternatives also proves an important constraint, (6) The author suggests that the assessment of effects for management should include the use of consultants and the role of formal procedure. (7) It is concluded that the correct judgment and optimal operation of the essential factors will enhance the effectiveness of strategic management in general.
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The content of an informative abstract
There are five questions for you to answer if you write an abstract in 200 words.: 1. What is the general knowledge of your topic in the academic field? 2. What research topic is the paper to focus on? 3. What method or material do you use to support your main point of view? 4. What conclusion will you draw? 5. What is the main contribution of the paper?
Unit 4 2
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Location:
1. in most cases, the section is the last section of the body of a paper; 2. in rare cases, some of the acknowledgments are put as footnotes to the title or to an author’s name; 3. in a thesis or dissertation for degrees, the section is usually placed prior to the body of the paper on a separate page.
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5A Strategy
Some background information
Purpose of the study and its scope – Some information about the methodology used in the study The most important results of the study
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Useful expressions
例：We are grateful to X for supporting this work. We wish to thank Mr. A and Mr. B for their assistance in constructing the testrig, and finally Dr C for helping with the provisions of materials. 我们感谢X机构对本工作的支持，感谢A 先生和B先生 在建造检测平台、以及C博 士在材料的准备工作方面所给予的帮助。
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3. Provide a helpful preview. This “frames” the article and prepares the reader for the main points to come. 4. Facilitate indexing. Indexers at all levels, from small in house libraries to major institutions like the National Library of Medicine, often depend on author-generated abstracts to help identify key words and phrases for cross indexing.
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The structure of the abstract
Sentence 1: background Sentence 2: main topic Sentences 3,4,5: specific investigations Sentence 6: result & suggestion Sentence 7: conclusion & contribution
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Section G
Abstract
The functions of an abstract: 1. Serve primarily as a screening device to give readers an idea of what the article as a whole is about; 2. Use as stand-alone texts. After reading an abstract, a researcher may decide that the subject matter is not important enough to merit reading the article as a whole but is important enough to keep in mind for some possible future use.