一、一般现在时的用法1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
时间状语:often,usually,always,sometimes,every week(day,year,month...),once a week,on Sundays,etc.例如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。
例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3)表示格言或警句。
例如:Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例如:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。
例如:He can swim.I work hard.I like watching TV.二、一般过去时的用法1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有:ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month...),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.例如:Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
例如:When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given awarm welcome.那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词否定形式:① was/were +not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①was或were放在句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。
三、一般将来时时间状语:tomorrow,next day(week,month,year....),soon,in a few minutes,by...,the day after tomorrow,etc.1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。
will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。
例如:Which paragraph shall I read first?我先读哪一段呢?Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。
a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。
例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?b. 计划,安排要发生的事。
例如:The play is going to be produced next month。
这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。
例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be astorm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
3) be + to do表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
例如:We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。
例如:He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
注意:★be going to与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事,但它们有如下几点区别:a. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will 表示的将来时间则较远一些,如:He is going to write a letter tonight.He will write a book one day.b. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
He is seriously ill. He is going to die.He will be twenty years old.c. be going to 含有“计划,准备”的意思,而will 则没有这个意思,如:She is going to lend us her book.He will be here in half an hour.d.在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用be going to, 而多用will, 如:If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you★be to do和be going tobe to do 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。
例如:I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。
(客观安排)I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。
(主观安排)5)一般现在时表将来a.下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。
b. 在时间或条件句中。
例如:When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。
c. 在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。
例如:I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。
6) 用现在进行时表示将来下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。
例如:I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
四、过去将来时过去将来时的动词表示对过去某一时间来说将要发生的动作或呈现的状态。
这个时态常用在宾语从句中。
1) would + 动词原形例如:It was seven o’clock. The sun would soon set. 这时是七点钟,太阳即将落山。
2) was/were going + to do 过去将来时的这种表达形式可以表示过去曾经打算或计划准备要做的事。
例如:They told me that they were going to have a picnic. 他们告诉我他们将要举行一次野餐。
We were going to have a meeting. 我们曾经打算开个会。
过去将来时的这种形式可以表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的事,但未实现的动作。
I was just going to ring him up when she came.我刚要给他打电话,她就来了。
( 电话没打成 )3) was/were about + to do 表示在过去看来正要做某事。
例如:I was just about to ring you up when mama called me.They were about to leave when the telephone rang. 他们正要走,电话铃响了。
I was just about to go to bed when she came to see me. 我正要睡觉,她来看我了。
4)was/were + to do 表示定于过去某时将要做某事。
例如:He was to meet her at 10 on the street. 他约定和她10点钟在街上见面。
注意:若表示过去没有实现(或被取消)的计划,则用was (were) to+动词完成时。
例如:They were to have left at 7 last night. 他们本来计划昨晚7点离开的。
5) 用过去进行时表示将来下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等过去进行时可以表示将来。
例如:She didn't know when they were coming again. 她不知道他们时候会再来。