Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ Ｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅ
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按照时期分类
一、殖民时期（约1607—1765） 二、启蒙时期和独立革命（1765—18世纪末） 三、浪漫主义时期（1865—1918） 四、现实主义时期（1865—1918） 五、现代主义时期（1918—1945） 六、当代文学（1945— ）
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❖ 殖民地时期 ❖ 独立革命至南北战争时期 ❖ 南北战争到第一次世界大战 ❖ 两次世界大战之间 ❖ 第二次世界大战后
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The early settlers
❖ Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492.
❖ Captain John Smith reached Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.
❖ Puritans came to the New England area, by Mayflower in 1620.
❖ The first settlement was established in Plymouth in 1620.
❖ Massachusetts Bay Colony was established in 1630.
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Puritanism in America
Why did Puritans come to America?
Mark Twain Henry James
Naturalism:
Benjamin Franklin
Stephen Crane
Philip Freneau
Theodore Dreiser
3. Democratic Period (1783-
1802)
4. Romanticism (1820-1861)
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Brief Outline of American literature
1. Colonial period (1607-1775)
Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor
2. Revolutionary period
(1775-1783)
5. Realism (1861-1914)
8. American Drama
Eugene O’Neill
Arthur Miller
Tennessee Williams
9. The Post-war Scene
Saul Bellow Salinger
Poetry: Confessional Poetry Black Mountain Poets San Francisco Renaissance The Beat Generation The New York Poets
Washington Irving Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Howthorne
6. The 1920s
T.S. Eliot William Faulkner Ernest Hemingway
William Whitman
(Lost Generation)
* Transcendentalism
❖ In 1630 the puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
❖ Independent War (1776-1783); the foundation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic—the United States of America.
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The Definition of Literary Terms
❖ Colonial America ❖ American Puritanism ❖ American Dream
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Features of Puritanism
1) Predestination: God decided everything before things occurred.
Imagism:
* (New England Renaissance) Ralph Waldo Emerson
Ezra Pound
Fillip Thne of American literature
7. The 1930s
Steinbeck Harlem Renaissance (Black American literature) Hughes Wright Ellison
2) Original sin: Human beings were born to be evil, and this original sin can be passed down from generation to generation.
3) Total depravity: Humanity’s utter corruption since the Fall.
- to escape religious persecution - to reform the Church of England - to have an entirely new church
* God’s chosen people * To seek a new Garden of Eden * To build “City of God on earth”
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Chapter One
Colonial Period (1607-1775)
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Historical background
❖ The first permanent English settlement in North America at James town, Virginia in 1607.
4) Limited atonement: Only the “elect” can be saved.
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Influence of Puritanism
Influence
- American Puritanism was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature. - American literature is based on a myth, i.e. the Biblical myth of the Garden of Eden. - Puritanism can be compared with Chinese Confucianism.