形容词和副词比较级的用法
形容词和副词的用法
1. 形容词是用来描写或修饰名词或代词的一类词。
在句中主要做定语和表语等成分。
做定语时修饰名词或代词(一般为不定代词),修饰名词时常放于名词前,修饰不定代词时常放于不定代词后,做表语时和系动词(简称系词)连用,构成一个系表结构。
例如:
Can you hear the loud noise? (定语)你听见大的吵闹声了吗?
The noise is very loud . (表语)吵声很大
The quiet girl is my sister. (定语)那个安静的女孩是我妹妹。
My sister looks very quiet . (表语)我妹妹看起来很安静。
He lives a happy life. (定语)他过着幸福生活。
He feels happy. (表语)他感觉很快乐。
There is something wrong with the car. (定语)这个小车出毛病了。
I have nothing new to tell you. (定语)我没什么新东西告诉你。
Do you have anything interesting to tell us? (定语)你有一些有趣的东西告诉我们吗?
2. 常和形容词连用构成系表结构的连系动词有:
look (看起来,看上去),feel (感觉),taste (尝起来),smell (闻起来),get
(变得),turn(变),become(成为,变得),sound (听起来)等。
例如:The weather gets warmer and the trees turn green in spring. 春天天气变暖和了,树变绿了。
The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。
The soup taste nice. 这汤尝上去很好吃。
You look fine. 你看起来气色很好。
3. 副词是用以修饰动词,形容词,其他副词以及全句的词例如:
The men and the women walk quickly. 这些男女走得很快。
The children walk slowly. 孩子们走得很慢。
They often laugh loudly. 他们经常大声地笑。
1.原级的构成和用法
l)构成:形容词,副词的原级形式是形容词,副词的原形.
2)用法:表示双方在程度,性质,特征等某方面相等时,用“as 十原级形容词或副词十as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“not so (as)十原级形容词或副词十as”的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时,用“倍数十as 十原级形容词或副词十as”的结构.
例如:This building looks not so (as) high as that one.
Ms.Sun speaks English as fluently as you.
This room is three times as large as that one.
2.比较级的构成和用法
1)比较级和最高级的构成:
①单音节形容词以及少数以- er,- ow结尾的形容词和副词加“er”,
great greater narrow narrower fast faster clever cleverer
②以e结尾的单音节形容词和副词后以及少数以- ble,- ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后,加“r”,.
large larger able abler simple simpler
③以一个辅音结尾的单音节形容词,其前的元音字母发短元音时,该辅音字母要双写,然后加“er”,“.
hot hotter
④以辅音加y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加ly构成的副词要将y改为i,再加“er”,
easy easier early earlier happy happier
⑤一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加more
beautiful more beautiful carefully more carefully
⑥少数单音节形容词也加more和most构成比较级。
tired more tired pleased more pleased
⑦下列形容词、副词的比较级可有两种构成方法.
cruel crueler more cruel often oftener more often
strict stricter more strict friendly friendlier more friendly
⑧下列形容词,副词的比较级的构成不规则.
good,well better bad, ill worse many,much more
little less far farther further old elder/older
2)比较级的用法
①双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级十than”的结构表示.例如:
This pen is better than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方时,用“less十原级十than”的结构表示.例如:
This room is less beautiful than that one.
③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较前加表示程度的状语,如:even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far,yet,by far等修饰.例如:He works even harder than before.
注意:英语的比较级前如无even,still,或yet等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”或不译出,一般不可用“更”,如:She is better than she was yesterday.她比昨天好些了.
Please come earlier tomorrow.请明天早点来.
注意:by far通常用于强调最高级.用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“the”.如He is taller by far than his brother He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the 十比较级(主语十谓语),the 十比较级(主语十谓语)”的结构.例如:
The harder he works,the happier he feels.
⑤不与其它事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级十and十比较级”的结构.例如:
The weather is getting colder and colder. The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
⑥某些以一or结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than.(这些词有inferior,superior,junior,senior,prior 等.例如:
He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics.
⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用that(those),one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。
that指物,one既可指人,也可指物.that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词.例如:
The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk.
A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood.
⑧表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:
A) A is three(four,ete) times the size(height,length,width,ete) of B.例如;
The new building is four times the size( the height) of the old one.
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。
(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍[高三倍]).
B) A is three(four,etc) times as big(high,long,wide,etc.) as
B.例如:
Asia is four times as lareg as Europe,亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍.)
C) A is three(four,etc.) times bigger ( higher,longer,wider,etc.) than B.
例如:Your school is three times bigger than ours,
你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍.(你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大.) 用times表示倍数,一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数.表示两倍可以用twice或double。